Nhoroondo yemakwakwakwa esimbi

Zvimbere - chiridzwa chine tambo chemhuri yepercussion, ine chimiro chetrapezoid ine tambo dzakatambanudzwa pamusoro payo. Kubviswa kweruzha kunoitika kana mareti maviri emapuranga arohwa.Macymbals ane nhoroondo yakapfuma. Mifananidzo yekutanga yehama yemakwakwakwa esimbi inogona kucherechedzwa paSumerian amphora yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX BC. e. Chiridzwa chakafanana chakafananidzirwa mubas-relief kubva kune Yekutanga Babironi Dynasty muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC. e. Unoratidza murume achitamba netsvimbo pachiridzwa chine tambo nomwe chiri muchimiro chearc yakakombama.

VaAsiriya vaiva nechiridzwa chavo chetriganon, chakafanana nemakandira ekare. Yaiva nechimiro chetriangular, ine tambo pfumbamwe, ruzha rwaibudiswa nerubatsiro rwetsvimbo. Zviridzwa zvakaita secymbal zvaivepo muGreece yekare - monochord, China - zhu. MuIndia, basa redulcimer rakaitwa - santur, tambo dzakagadzirwa kubva munja uswa, uye dzakatamba nematanda e bamboo. Nenzira, maererano nemunyori wenhau dzakaitika N. Findeisen, magypsies akaunza makandira kuEurope. Vaive vanhu vanotama-tama muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX AD. akatanga kubuda kwake kubva kuIndia, achibatana nevadiki veRussia, Belarusian uye mamwe madzinza eSlavic.

Panguva imwe chete nekupararira, kugadzirwa kwemakwakwakwa kwakavandudzwa. Chiridzwa chakatanga kuchinja chimiro uye saizi, mhando yetambo yakachinjawo, kana pakutanga yaive yakasungwa kana matumbo, zvino muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX munyika dzeAsia vakatanga kushandisa copper alloy wire. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, waya yesimbi yakatanga kushandiswa munyika dzeEurope.

Muzana ramakore rechi XIV, vakuru vekare vakaratidza kufarira zvikuru zviridzwa izvi. Mukadzi mumwe nomumwe wekirasi yepamusoro akaedza kugona mutambo pavari. Nguva XVII-XVIII remakore. munhoroondo, makwakwakwa esimba akabatana zvisingaite nezita rekuti Pantaleon Gebenshtreit. Neruoko rwakajeka rwaMambo weFrance, Louis XIV, zita idzva rokuti "pantaleon" rinopiwa kune chiridzwa mukukudza kwechiGermany cymbalist.

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vanyori vakatanga kuunza makwakwakwa esimbi mu opera orchestra. Muenzaniso ndeye opera "Ban Bank" naFerenc Erkel uye operetta "Gypsy Love" naFerenc Lehar.

Mudzidzisi weHungary V. Shunda akaita basa rinokosha pakuvandudza makandira; akawedzera nhamba yetambo, akasimbisa furemu, uye akawedzera damper mechanism.Pamatare emachinda eRussia, makandira akaoneka pakupera kwezana remakore rechi1586. Muna XNUMX, Mambokadzi Elizabeth wekuEngland akapa chipo kuna mambokadzi weRussia Irina Feodorovna nenzira yezviridzwa. Pakati padzo pakanga pane makandira akanga akashongedzwa negoridhe namatombo anokosha. Runako uye ruzha rwechiridzwa chacho zvakangofadza mambokadzi. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich aivewo mutsigiri mukuru wemakwakwakwa esimbi. Macymbalists Milenty Stepanov, Tomilo Besov naAndrey Andreev vairidza mudare rake. Munguva yekutonga kwaEmpress Elizabeth Petrovna, muimbi ane mukurumbira Johann Baptist Gumpenhuber akavaraidza vatongi vedare nekuridza kwake kwakanaka, akashamisa munhu wese nekuchena kwekuita kwake. Kuzivikanwa kukuru, makandira akagamuchirwa munyika dzeUkraine, achipinda mumhanzi wevanhu art. Tambo dzemakandira dzakatanga kudhonzwa imwe neimwe, mbiri kune toni imwe neimwe, kana kunyange zvitatu - kwaya dzetambo. Macymbals aive nemhando yemaoctave maviri nechidimbu kusvika mana.

Kune marudzi maviri emakwakwakwa esimbi: folk uye konsati-academic. Ruzha rwavo runokwana zvakakwana mukuridza orchestra huru.