Oda Abramovna Slobodskaya |

Oda Slobodskaya

Pane imwe nyaya apo mashoko okuti "zera rakafanana naOctober" haanzwi seine dense uye hafu-yakakanganwa chitambi chenguva yeSoviet, asi inotora chirevo chakakosha. Zvakatanga seizvi...

"Ndakapfeka hanzu yakapfuma yeporphyry, ndine tsvimbo mumaoko angu, nekorona yaMambo weSpain Philip pamusoro wangu, ndinosiya kathedral kuenda panzvimbo ... Panguva iyoyo, paNeva, pedyo nePeople's House, cannon pfuti inonzwika kamwe kamwe. Ini samambo asingarambi kana kupikisa, ndinoteerera hangu. Kupfura kunodzokororwa. Kubva pakakwirira pamatanho echechi, ndinoona kuti vanhu vadedera. Yechitatu pfuti uye yechina - imwe mushure meimwe. Nzvimbo yangu haina chinhu. Vaimbi vekwaya nevekuwedzera vakatamira kumapapiro uye, vachikanganwa vanyengeri, vakatanga kukurukura zvine ruzha kuti vomhanya nenzira ipi ... Kwapera miniti, vanhu vakamhanya kuseri kwesiteji uye vakati mateko aibhururuka achienda kune rumwe rutivi uye kuti pakanga pasina chekutya. Takagara pachikuva ndokuenderera mberi nekuita. Vateereri vakaramba vari muhoro, vasingaziviwo nzira yokumhanya nayo, uye naizvozvo vakasarudza kugara.

Sei pfuti? takabvunza vatumwa. - Uye izvi, munoona, mutyairi wengarava "Aurora" arikurova Winter Palace, umo Hurumende Yenguva inosangana ...

Ichi chidimbu chakakurumbira kubva mundangariro dzaChaliapin "Iyo Mask neMweya" inozivikanwa kune wese munhu. Hazvinyatsozivikanwi kuti pazuva iri risingakanganwiki, Gumiguru 25 (November 7), 1917, kwakaitika debut pane opera danho reaizivikanwa muimbi wechidiki Oda Slobodskaya, uyo akaita chikamu chaErizabheti.

Mangani ematarenda eRussia anoshamisa, kusanganisira kuimba, akamanikidzwa kusiya nyika yavo yekuzvarwa mushure meBolshevik coup nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe kana chimwe. Matambudziko oupenyu hweSoviet akaratidza kuti akanga asingatsungiririki kune vakawanda. Pakati pavo pane Slobodskaya.

Muimbi wacho akaberekerwa muVilna musi waNovember 28, 1895. Akadzidza paSt. Petersburg Conservatory, kwaakadzidza mukirasi yokuimba naN. Iretskaya uye mukirasi yeopera naI. Ershov. Achiri mudzidzi, akatamba muSimphony yechi9 yaBeethoven yakaitwa naSergei Koussevitzky.

Mushure mekubudirira kwekutanga, muimbi wechidiki akaramba achiita paPeople's House, uye munguva pfupi akaonekwa pachikuva cheMariinsky Theater, kwaakaita dhipatimendi rake saLisa (pakati pemamwe mabasa mumakore iwayo aiva Masha muDubrovsky, Fevronia, Margarita. Mambokadzi weShemakhan, Elena muMephistopheles). ) Zvisinei, mukurumbira chaiwo wakauya kune Slobodskaya kunze kwenyika, kwaakasiya muna 1921.

Musi waJune 3, 1922, kutanga kwepasi rose kweF. Stravinsky's Mavra kwakaitika paParis Grand Opera sechikamu chebasa raDiaghilev, umo muimbi akaita basa guru reParasha. Elena Sadoven (Muvakidzani) naStefan Belina-Skupevsky (Hussar) vakaimbawo pamutambo wekutanga. Ndiko kugadzirwa uku kwakaratidza kutanga kwebasa rakabudirira semuimbi.

Berlin, anoshanya nekwaya yeUkraine kuNorth neSouth America, mitambo muMexico, Paris, London, Holland, Belgium - aya ndiwo makuru makuru enzvimbo yehupenyu hwake hwekusika. Muna 1931, makore gumi mushure mekuita pamwe chete muPetrograd, fate zvakare inounza Slobodskaya uye Chaliapin pamwe chete. MuLondon, anobatanidzwa naye mukushanya kweOpera troupe A. Tsereteli, anoimba chikamu chaNatasha mu "Mermaid".

Pakati pekubudirira kwakanyanya kweSlobodskaya muna 1932 paCovent Garden seVenus muTannhauser pamwe naL. Melchior, mumwaka we1933/34 paLa Scala (chikamu cheFevronia) uye, pakupedzisira, kutora chikamu mukutanga kweChirungu che opera yaD. Shostakovich. "Lady Macbeth weMtsensk District", yakaitwa muna 1936 naA. Coates muLondon (chikamu cheKaterina Izmailova).

Muna 1941, pakakwirira kwehondo, Oda Slobodskaya akapinda muchirongwa chinonakidza cheChirungu, chakaitwa nemutungamiriri akakurumbira, chizvarwa cheRussia, Anatoly Fistulari *. Mussorgsky's Sorochinskaya Fair yakaitwa paSavoy Theatre. Slobodskaya akaimba basa reParasi mune opera. Kira Vane akatorawo chikamu muchirongwa ichi, achitsanangura kugadzirwa uku zvakadzama mune memoirs yake.

Pamwe chete nemitambo panhandare yeopera, Slobodskaya akashanda zvakabudirira paredhiyo, akabatana neBBC. Akatora chikamu pano mukuita kweThe Queen of Spades, achiita chikamu cheCountess.

Pashure pehondo, muimbi ainyanya kugara uye kushanda muEngland, achishingaira kuitisa konzati mabasa. Akanga ari muturikiri akachenjera wemabasa ekamuri naS. Rachmaninov, A. Grechaninov, I. Stravinsky uye, kunyanya, N. Medtner, waaigara achiita naye kakawanda. Basa remuimbi wacho rakachengetedzwa muzvinyorwa zvemafemu egiramufoni Rake Masters Voice, Saga, Decca (Medtner's romances, anoshanda naStravinsky, J. Sibelius, "Tatyana's Letter" uye kunyange rwiyo rwaM. Blanter "In the Front Forest"). Muna 1983, nhamba yezvinyorwa zveSlobodskaya zvakabudiswa nekambani yeMelodiya sechikamu chebhuku remunyori weN. Medtner.

Slobodskaya akapedza basa rake muna 1960. Muna 1961 akashanyira USSR, achishanyira hama muLeningrad. Murume waSlobodskaya, mutyairi wendege, akafa munguva yehondo muHondo yeEngland. Slobodskaya akafa July 30, 1970 muLondon.

Cherechedza:

* Anatoly Grigoryevich Fistulari (1907-1995) akaberekerwa Kyiv. Akafunda muSt. Petersburg nababa vake, kondakita aizivikanwa zvikuru munguva yake. Aive mwana mudiki, pazera ramakore manomwe akatamba Tchaikovsky's 6th symphony ne orchestra. Muna 1929 akabva Russia. Akatora chikamu mumabhizimisi akasiyana-siyana. Pakati pezvigadzirwa zveOpera ndiBoris Godunov naChaliapin (1933), The Barber of Seville (1933), The Sorochinskaya Fair (1941) nevamwe. Akaita neRussia Ballet yeMonte Carlo, London Philharmonic Orchestra (kubvira 1943). Akashandawo muUSA neNew Zealand. Akanga akaroora mwanasikana Gustav Mahler Anna.

E. Tsodokov