Nzira yekusarudza nyere

Flute (chiItalian flauto kubva muchiLatin flatus - "mhepo, mweya"; French flûte, Chirungu nyere, German Flöte) chiridzwa chehuni chinoridzwa cherejista yesoprano a. Chimiro chenyere chinoshanduka nekuridza (kubvisa harmonic consonances nemiromo), pamwe chete nekuzarura nekuvhara maburi nemavharuvhu. Nyere dzemazuva ano dzinowanzogadzirwa nesimbi (nickel, sirivheri, goridhe, platinamu), zvishoma kazhinji - kubva mumatanda, dzimwe nguva - kubva girazi, plastiki uye zvimwe zvinoumbwa zvinhu.

Transverse nyere - zita rinokonzerwa nekuti panguva yemutambo muimbi anobata chiridzwa kwete mumhepo, asi panzvimbo yakatwasuka; muromo, zvichiteerana, uri padivi. Nyere dzechigadzirwa ichi dzakaonekwa kare kare, munguva yekupedzisira yekare uye muChina yekare (9th century BC). Nhanho yemazuva ano yekuvandudzwa kwenyere inotenderera inotanga muna 1832, apo tenzi weGermany T. Boehm akazviisa pasi pekuvandudzwa; nekufamba kwenguva, iyi yakasiyana-siyana yakatsiva yaimbozivikanwa longitudinal nyere. Iyo inochinjika nyere inoratidzwa nemhando kubva kune yekutanga kusvika kune yechina octave; rejisita rezasi rakapfava uye matsi, ruzha rwepamusoro-soro, pane zvinopesana, kuboora uye kuridza muridzo, uye repakati uye chikamu chepamusoro rejista ane timbre inotsanangurwa seyakapfava uye inonzwika.

Kuumbwa kwenyere

Nyere yemazuva ano yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: musoro, muviri nemabvi.

musoro

Muchikamu chepamusoro chechiridzwa pane gomba repadivi rekuvhuvhuta mweya (muzzle kana embouchure hole). Muchikamu chezasi chegomba kune mamwe makubvu muchimiro chemiromo. Vanonzi "sponges" uye, zvichibatsira pakugadzikana kukuru panguva yemutambo, ivo kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwemweya. Pane plug pamagumo emusoro (inofanira kubatwa zvakanyatsonaka pakuchenesa chiridzwa). Nekubatsirwa kwechivharo chehuni chakaiswa pairi, cork inosundirwa zvakasimba mukati kusvika kuhupamhi hukuru kana kuduku kuitira kuti itore nzvimbo yakarurama, umo maoctaves ose anonzwika chaizvo. Pugi yakakuvadzwa inofanira kugadziriswa mumusangano wenyanzvi. Musoro wenyere unogona kuchinjwa kuti uvandudze ruzha rwese chiridzwa

muviri

Ichi ndicho chikamu chepakati chechiridzwa, umo mune maburi ekuburitsa ruzha nemavharuvhu anovhara nekuvhura. Iwo mavharuvhu mechanics akanyatso kukwenenzverwa uye anofanirwa kubatwa nehungwaru.

ibvi

Kune makiyi ari pamabvi, munwe muduku weruoko rworudyi unoshandiswa. Kune marudzi maviri emabvi: Do ibvi kana Si ibvi. Panyere ine C ibvi, ruzha rwepasi ndiC rwekutanga octave, panyere ine C ibvi - C yediki octave. Ibvi reC rinokanganisa kurira kwechitatu octave yechiridzwa, uye zvakare inoita kuti chiridzwa chiwedzere kurema muhuremu. Pane "gizmo" lever paC ibvi, iyo inoshandiswa mukugunzva kusvika kune yechina octave. Magadzirirwo enyere
nzira yevhavha inogona kuva yemhando mbiri: "inline" ("mumutsara") - apo mavharuvhu ose anoita mutsara mumwe, uye "offset" - apo mavharuvhu maviri emunyu anobuda.

Kunyange zvazvo mutsauko uripo chete panzvimbo yevhavha G, zvichienderana neizvi, kugadzika kweruoko rwomuiti sechinhu chose chinoshanduka zvikuru. Vatambi vehunyanzvi hwemhando mbiri dzenyere vanoti iyo in-line dhizaini inobvumira kukurumidza matrills, asi sarudzo inonyatso kudzika kune iyo sarudzo yaunonyanya kugadzikana nayo.

Nyere dzevana

For vana nevadzidzi nemaoko maduku, kugona chiridzwa kunogona kuva kwakaoma. Uine izvi mupfungwa, mamwe emhando dzevana ane musoro wakakombama, izvo zvinokutendera kuti usvike nyore mavharuvhu ese. Nyere yakadaro inokodzera vaimbi vadiki uye avo vane chiridzwa chakazara chakakurisa.

Kudzidzisa nyere

Nyere mavharuvhu ndizvo yakazaruka (ne resonators) uye vharika . Sezvo mutemo, mumitambo yekudzidzira, mavharuvhu akavharwa kuti afambise mutambo. Kusiyana nekukanganisa kwakajairika, nyere haina kunzwika yemagumo, saka musiyano wekutamba nemavharuvhu akazaruka uye akavharwa anokanganisa ruzha. Vaimbi vane hunyanzvi vanoridza zviridzwa zvine mavharuvhu akavhurika, sezvo izvi zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya mikana yekushandisa akasiyana siyana, semuenzaniso, shanduko yakatsetseka kubva pane imwe noti kuenda kune imwe kana kota nhanho kumusoro / pasi.

Ese ari maviri evana uye edzidzo modhi anowanzo gadzirwa nealloy yenickel nesirivheri, iyo inogara yakasimba kupfuura sirivha yakachena. Nekuda kwekupenya kwayo kwakanaka, sirivheri zvakare ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa kupera, nepo nickel-plated nyere isingadhure. Avo vane allergic kune nickel kana sirivheri vanorayirwa kuti vasarudze nyere yakagadzirwa kubva kune isiri-allergic material.

Nyere dzepamusoro uye nyanzvi nhanho

Kuenda kune imwe nyere yepamusoro ine mavharuvhu akazaruka kunogona kuve kwakaoma. Kuti ufambise shanduko iyi, mavharuvhu enguva pfupi (resonators) anopiwa anogona kubviswa chero nguva pasina kukuvara kune chiridzwa. Nekudaro, ramba uchifunga kuti zvimumumu zvinodzikamisa kugona kwenyere kuita maungira nesimba rakazara.

Imwe misiyano mune zviridzwa zvakanyanyisa ndeyekugadzirwa kwemabvi. Kurira kwakaderera kwenyere neC ibvi ndiyo C yeoctave diki. Inoshandiswa nekuwedzera imwe yechitatu valve C. Mukuwedzera, gizmo lever inowedzerwa, iyo inoita kuti zvive nyore kubvisa zvinyorwa kusvika kune yechitatu octave. Ichi ndicho chinyorwa chepamusoro-soro chinogona kuridzwa nenyere pasina kuenda pamusoro perejista. Zvakaoma kwazvo kutamba kuchenesa kusvika kune yechitatu octave pasina gizmo tsoka.

Nyere dzeunyanzvi dzinoshandisa zvinhu zviri nani uye makiyi echiFrench (ane mamwe makiyi ekuti chigunwe hachitsikidzire zvakananga), zvichipa rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa, kubata zviri nani, uye chitarisiko chinoyevedza. Chaiyo mechanics inova nechokwadi chekukurumidza kupindura uye isina chikanganiso kushanda kwakatsetseka.

Flute Varieties

Kune akati wandei emhando dzenyere: piccolo (diki kana sopranino), konzati nyere (soprano), alto nyere, bass uye contrabass nyere.

nyere dzekonzati

Nyere yesoprano muC ndiyo chiridzwa chikuru mumhuri. Kusiyana nedzimwe mhuri dzezviridzwa zvinofuridza, senge saxophone, muimbi haangoite zvealto, bass, kana piccolo. Chiridzwa chikuru chemuridzi wenyere ndeye soprano, uye anokunda mamwe marudzi ese muchikamu chechipiri. Mamwe marudzi enyere haagare achishandiswa muorchestra, asi anowedzera mimvuri kune imwe kuumbwa. Nokudaro, kudzidzira konzati nyere ndiro danho rinokosha pakudzidza.

Alto nyere

Iyo alto nyere inowanzowanikwa mune orchestra. Yayo chaiyo yakaderera timbre inowedzera kuzara kune inzwi yemhepo dzakakwirira dzehuni. Panyaya yekugadzira uye nzira yekutamba, iyo alto flute yakafanana neyakajairika, asi inonzwika muchiyero cheG, ndiko kuti, yechina yakaderera pane soprano nyere. Chiitiko chekuridza alto nyere zvakanyanya zvakakosha kumuimbi ane hunyanzvi, sezvo mativi mazhinji enziyo ega ega akanyorerwa chiridzwa ichi.

bass nyere

The bass nyere hainyanyi kushandiswa mumhanzi weorchestra uye inooneka, sekutonga, munyere ensembles. Nekuti ivo ndevemhuri imwechete yezviridzwa, flute quartets, quintets uye hombe ensembles anozivikanwa zvikuru pakati pevadzidzi vepakati uye vepamusoro.
Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, zviri kutonetsa kuwana kurira kwakajeka bass nyere - izvi zvinoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye nzeve inonzwa yemimhanzi. Nekudaro, kune zvimwe (zvisinei zvisingawanzo) zviridzwa mumhuri yenyere zvine kunyange yakaderera ruzha - idzi ndidzo contrabass uye subcontrabass nyere. Ose ari maviri anoshandiswawo chete munyere ensembles. Nyere idzi dzinoiswa pasi uye mutambi anoridza akamira kana kuti akagara pachituro chakakwirira.

Piccolo nyere

Iyo piccolo (kana piccolo), iyo chiridzwa chidiki mumhuri, inonzwika octave yose yakakwirira kupfuura nyere yekonzati, asi ine C tuning yakafanana. Zvinogona kuita sekuti piccolo inongova kopi diki yenyere yesoprano, asi izvi handizvo. Piccolo iri zvakanyanya kuoma kutamba nekuti inopinza, yakakwira timbre inoda kumanikidzwa kuyerera kwemhepo, iyo anotanga nenyere haikwanise kugadzira. Mukuwedzera, kuswedera kwevhavha kunogonawo kugadzira matambudziko kune anotanga.

Nyere dzePiccolo dzinouya mumarudzi akati wandei:

1) Muviri wesimbi + musoro wesimbi
- yakanakira kufora ensemble;
- ine ruzha rwakanyanya kupenya uye yakanyanya fungidziro;
- humidity yemhepo haikanganisi ruzha (kushaikwa kwenyere dzemapuranga)

2) Muviri uye musoro wakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinosanganiswa (plastiki)
- kusimba kwechiridzwa chinhu chakakosha kune vanotanga vaimbi;
- mamiriro ekunze haakanganisa kunaka kwenzwi

3) Huni muviri + simbi musoro
- yakanakira anotanga kugona piccolo nyere;
- kugadzirwa kwemaponji kunofambisa kuumbwa kwemhepo inoyerera;
- musoro wesimbi unopa kushomeka kwemhepo

4) Muviri nemusoro zvakagadzirwa nematanda
-kupfuura zvese kupa melodic ruzha;
- ruzha rwemhando zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze;
- kudiwa kakawanda mumaokestra uye akawanda emhepo ensembles

Flute Overview

Nyere mienzaniso