Nzira yekusarudza hwamanda

Mukati

Hwamanda mudziyo
Mhando dzehwamanda
Mienzaniso yehwamanda

Hwamanda chiridzwa chendarira che alto-soprano nyoresa a, ruzha rukuru kwazvo pakati pezviridzwa zvendarira.

Hwamanda yechisikigo yave ichishandiswa sechiridzwa chechiratidzo kubvira kare, uye kubva munenge muzana ramakore rechi 17 yakava chikamu chevaimbi. Nekugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu, hwamanda yakagamuchira chikero chakazara chechromatic uye kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechi 19 yakava chiridzwa chakazara chemimhanzi yechinyakare. . Chiridzwa chine kupenya, kupenya bhero repasuo uye rinoshandiswa sechiridzwa choga, mune symphony uye mabhendi endarira, pamwe nemukati Jazz nemamwe marudzi.

Hwamanda chimwe chezviridzwa zvekaresa zvekuimba. Kutaurwa kwe mukuru zviridzwa zverudzi urwu zvinotanga kusvika kuma 3600 BC. e. Mapombi aivepo mumagariro mazhinji - muEgypt yekare, Greece yekare, China yekare, nezvimwewo, uye aishandiswa sezviridzwa zvechiratidzo. Hwamanda yakaita basa iri kwemazana emakore akawanda, kusvika muzana remakore rechi17.

MuMiddle Ages, varidzi vehwamanda vaiva nhengo dzinosungirwa dzeuto, ivo chete vaigona kukurumidza kuendesa murayiro womukuru kune mamwe mativi euto akanga ari kure norubatsiro rwechiratidzo. Hunyanzvi hwekuridza hwamanda hwakaonekwa "elite" , yaidzidziswa vanhu vakasarudzwa chete. Munguva yerunyararo, hwamanda dzairidzwa pamitambo yemafaro, makwikwi emakwikwi, mumaguta makuru maiva nenzvimbo yevaridzi vehwamanda "shongwe" vakazivisa kuuya kwemunhu wepamusoro-soro, shanduko munguva yezuva (nekudaro kuita senge wachi. ), kusvika kwemauto evavengi kuguta nezvimwe zviitiko .

The valve michina, yakagadzirwa muma1830 uye ichipa hwamanda chiyero chechromatic, yakanga isati yashandiswa zvakanyanya pakutanga, sezvo isiri yese manzwi echromatic aive akachena matauriro uye akaenzana bhero repasuo . Kubva panguva iyoyo, izwi repamusoro muboka rendarira rakawedzera kupihwa kune cornet, chiridzwa chine chekuita nehwamanda ine nyoro. bhero repasuo uye mamwe epamusoro tekinoroji kugona. Makoneti (pamwe chete nehwamanda) zvaive zviridzwa zveochestra kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, apo kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwezviridzwa uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwevaridzi vehwamanda kwakabvisa dambudziko rekutsetsenura uye kutsetsenura. timbre .a, uye makoneti akanyangarika kubva kuimba. Munguva yedu, nhengo dze orchestral dzemakona dzinowanzoitwa pamapombi, kunyange zvazvo chiridzwa chepakutanga chinoshandiswa dzimwe nguva.

Mazuva ano, hwamanda iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya sechiridzwa choga, mu symphony uye mabhendi endarira, pamwe nemu. Jazz , funk, ska nemamwe marudzi.

Muchikamu chino, nyanzvi dzechitoro "Mudzidzi" dzichakuudza sei kusarudza pombi kuti unoda, uye kwete overpay panguva imwe chete.

Hwamanda mudziyo

Usati watenga, tinokurudzira kuti udzidze zvinoumba zvinhu zvepombi , iyo inofanirwa nekurira kwayo kwakasiyana: pombi, muromo , mavharuvhu, Bhero . Iyo yekuputira zvinhu zvechiridzwa zvine basa zvakare.

chubhu - chikamu chepombi kubva ku muromo a kune korona ye general system. Yakagadzirwa kubva kunguva dzose (yero) ndarira, tsvuku ndarira kana 925 sterling sirivheri. Ndara tsvuku kana tompack (rudzi rwemhangura) ndicho chinhu chinosarudzwa pakudzidzisa pombi, sezvo isinganyanyi kunetseka nekuora. Yellow ndarira zvishandiso zvinoda kakawanda kucheneswa. Kune mhando dzine reverse chubhu. Mhepo iri mukati memudziyo une chubhu yakadaro inosangana nekushomeka nekuda kwemajoini mashoma. Kuvandudza uku kunoita kuti mutambo uve nyore.

valves(kunyanya, pistons) anogadzirwa nesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana. Nickel-plated pistons anowanzo kuwanikwa mumapombi ekudzidzisa, sezvo ane simba, akasimba uye asinganzwisisi kucheneswa nguva nenguva. Chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa ndeye monel (an alloy ye nickel nemhangura). Monel yakapfava kupfuura nickel, monel pistons inoda kugara ichicheneswa nekuzora mafuta. Monel ine corrosion resistance, plasticity, high tensile simba. Monel caps anoshandiswa pane ese ari maviri nyanzvi uye kudzidzisa pombi. Stainless simbi caps inoonekwa seyakanaka kwazvo, inowanikwa mumidziyo yeavhareji uye yehunyanzvi level. Ivhavha yakanaka inopindura nokukurumidza uye zvakanaka kumanikidziro. Ichi ndicho chigumisiro chekuputira kwakakodzera kwepiston - kushanda kwekupedzisira kwekuisa piston mugirazi.

Bhero zvezviridzwa zvekudzidzisa uye zvehunyanzvi zvinowanzogadzirwa nendarira yero. Uyewo zvakajairika pingi mabhero endarira ane rima, toni inodziya. Sirivha mabhero anoiswa chete pamapombi eprimiyamu. Kare, nickel yaishandiswa sea Bhero zvinhu, asi ikozvino hazvisati zvawanikwa.
Azve chinhu chakakosha ndiyo dhizaini ye Bhero . Zvakanakisa mabhero inogadzirwa maererano ne template kubva kune rimwe pepa resimbi. Tenzi anoigadzira nemaoko nerubber mallet. Zvinotendwa kuti BheroHandmade s vibrate zvakanyanya kuenzana. Machubhu ekudzidzisa uye zvepakati-level zviridzwa zvinowanzove zvakasungwa zvigadziko . Mumakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji yeplasma welding yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuunza welded zvigadziko pedyo nehunhu kune yakasimba. Bells zvakare zvinosiyana muhukuru uye taper, zvese zviri zviviri zvinokanganisa ruzha.

kuyerwa chiyero chechikamu chakakura uye chakamanikana chepombi. Iyo dhayamita yemukati yechubhu yechipiri korona ari pakati. Kazhinji kazhinji pane maturusi ane chiyero che 0.458-0.460 inches (11.63 - 11.68 mm). Zviridzwa zvine chikero chikuru zvinonzwika zvakanyanya, asi zvinoda simba rakawanda kubva kumuiti; mapaipi aya anoridzwa zvikuru nevaimbi vane hunyanzvi. Kune vanotanga (kunyanya vana), zviri nani kutenga pombi ine chiyero chidiki, nekuti. munyaya iyi, zviri nyore kuwana inzwi rakajeka.

Mhando dzehwamanda

Ngatijairane nemhando dzakasiyana dzehwamanda, maitiro avo uye marudzi emimhanzi maanonyanya kushandiswa.

Bb mapaipi

Rudzi runonyanya kuzivikanwa iB-flat trumpet. Neruzha runodziya, rwakapamhama, runokwana zvakanaka nechero ensemble uye nekudaro inoshandiswa mumhando dzese dzemimhanzi kubva kumhando yepamusoro kusvika kumazuva ano. Jazz uye mimhanzi yepop. Bb trumpet ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa chiridzwa chekudzidzisa , sezvo zvidimbu zvakawanda zvenziyo nezvinhu zvokurayiridza zvakanyorerwa nokuda kwayo. Kuita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore uye usarudze pombi zvinoenderana nedanho rako uye mari, tarisa kune huwandu hwekudzidziswa, yepakati (semi-nyanzvi) uye mhando dzehunyanzvi.

Hwamanda dzeVadzidzi Bb

Makambani mazhinji anogadzira akatevedzana emhando dzakananga kune vanotanga vaimbi. Mapaipi ekupinda-pamwero kazhinji haadhure, asi akasimba uye ane maficha anoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanotanga kutamba. Somuenzaniso, duku scale muhwamanda yemudzidzi inokubvumira kuti utore ruzha rwakajeka uye ruzere nekuedza kushoma.

Pipe STAGG WS-TR215S

Semi-nyanzvi Bb mapaipi

Sezvo vatambi vanova nehunyanzvi mukuridza, vaimbi vanogona kuona kuti kugona kwechubhu yekudzidzira hakuna kukwana. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kushandura kune zvigadzirwa zvepakati-level. Semi-professional pombi dzinobatanidza huwandu hwakawanda hwekugadzira ruzha, asi panguva imwechete dzakachipa kupfuura dzehunyanzvi. Shamwari yeMuimbi ine yakakura sarudzo yesemi-nyanzvi mabhosvo muB-flat tuning.

Hwamanda John Packer JP251SW

Nyanzvi BB Pipes

Mapaipi emhando yepamusoro anogadzirwa nemhizha dzakanyatso hunyanzvi kubva pazvinhu zvakanakisa, vachifunga nezve zvese zvinodiwa izvo mutambi ane ruzivo anoisa pane chiridzwa. Nyanzvi dzinoda chiridzwa chine ruzha rwakanaka uye nekunzwa kwakanyanya kwe michina inogona kusarudza nyanzvi-yepamusoro hwamanda muchitoro chendaneti "Mudzidzi".

Bass Hwamanda

Kunyangwe iyo bass hwamanda inoridzwa zvakanyanya nematrombonist, vamwe vane mukurumbira mabhosvo vanoitawo nechiridzwa ichi. British Philip Jones naDave Matthews Band nhengo Rashawn Ross mienzaniso.
Iyo bass hwamanda ine tuning yakafanana neyetrombone, kazhinji muC (C) kana B flat (Bb). Manotsi ayo akanyorwa mu treble clef, asi anoitwa pasi neoctave (bass trumpet C) kana hombe isiri (bass trumpet Bb).
Bass trumpet ine tambo yekudhonza haifanirwe kunge yakakodzera kune vanotanga mabhosvo, asi isarudzo yakanaka kune trombonists vanoda kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuridza vharafu, pamwe nevaridzi vehwamanda vanoda kuwedzera kutamba kwavo uye kugona chiridzwa chine pasi nyoresa .

Hwamanda mumutsetse C

Kunyange zvazvo C trumpet isingawande kupfuura Bb trumpet, iyi yakasiyana-siyana yakajairika uye yakatowana mukurumbira mumakore achangopfuura.
C mabhosvo ari kuwedzera kuwanikwa mumaokestra padivi peBb mabhosvo. Iyo C trumpet inokwenenzverwa toni yakakwira kupfuura B flat trumpet, uye muviri mudiki unoita kuti inzwike kupenya. Yakachena, ine muto bhero repasuo rinoshandiswa zvinobudirira mumitambo yeorchestra. Iyo C trumpet yakanyatsokodzera vatambi vane hunyanzvi uye vadzidzi vepamberi, ichikubvumidza iwe kuvandudza mwero wekuita maitiro.

Hwamanda C John Packer P152

Hwamanda muMi tuning

Pamwe chete nemhando dzakajairika dzehwamanda muB-flat uye C, kune mhando dzakagadzirirwa kuridza munzvimbo yepamusoro. nyoresa e. Sezvo mutemo, ivo vanoshandiswa mune izvo orchestral mabasa apo yakakwirira nyoresa inobatsira pakurongeka kukuru kwekugadzirwa kwenzwi uye kureruka kweminwe. Hwamanda E muenzaniso wechiridzwa chakadaro. Pasinei nekudzikira kwayo kwekushandisa kana ichienzaniswa neBb, C, uye kunyange Eb mabhosvo, in-tuning bhosvo chinhu chakakosha muunganidzwa wenyanzvi yeorchestra. Kazhinji, iyo E tuning ingori imwe yeinogoneka tunings yechiridzwa chine chinochinjika mabhero iyo inogona kuiswa kune makiyi epamusoro.

Piccolo mabhosvo

Kune varidzi vehwamanda, avo vanowanzoridza mativi kumusoro nyoresa e (hunhu, semuenzaniso, hweBach kana mimhanzi yebaroque), iyo piccolo trumpet ndicho chiridzwa chikuru. Inoshandiswa muB-flat tuning, octave yakakwirira kudarika Bb trumpet, inenge inogara iine imwe krone uye mukana wekugadzirisa kuA (A) tuning. Mukuwedzera, the piccolo trumpet yakagadzirirwa nevhavha yechina (quart valve), iyo inoderedza hurongwa nechechina yakakwana. Iko kusanganiswa kwezvinhu izvi kunowedzera mikana yechiridzwa, kugadzira iyo piccolo trumpet mari yakakosha yevatambi vepamberi uye nyanzvi.

piccolo trumpet

Homwe Hwamanda

Vanoridza hwamanda, avo vanowanzo famba munzira, vachafara nazvo ziva kuti kune chiridzwa chakatonyanya kusimba kupfuura hwamanda yenguva dzose. Iyo compact dhizaini inowanikwa nekunyanya kukotama kwemachubhu, nepo homwe hwamanda ichibvumira iyo yakazara. dungwerungwe yeBb trumpet inofanira kubviswa uye yakakosha pakuridza mimhanzi yemumugwagwa, zviitiko zvekufamba, nezvimwe.
Nezvese zviri nyore, rudzi urwu rwebhosvo haruna kunyatsokodzera kuita mhenyu, kunyangwe zvimwe Jazz vatambi vanopota vachiishandisa muzvikamu zvavo.

Bb pombi compact John Packer JP159B

Rocker Trumpets

Vaimbi vekutanga havakwanisi kusarudza hwamanda ine siraidhi sechiridzwa chavo chekutanga, asi kune trombonists vanoda kudzidzira hunyanzvi hwavo pachiridzwa chemuromo, kana varidzi vehwamanda vanoda kuwedzera nyanzvi yavo. dungwerungwe , iyi mhinduro inonzwisisika. Nekuda kwe "yedzo" yakadai, vamwe vatambi vanowanzosiya hwamanda yechinyakare vachifarira chiridzwa che rocker. Kune vane ruzivo Jazz varidzi vehwamanda, hwamanda yescotch yakanaka chepiri mudziyo wekuedza nawo kurira. Hwamanda inotsveyama (kana slide trumpet) dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa mumimhanzi yeorchestra yeBaroque neRenaissance eras.