Nuances muMumhanzi: Dynamics (Chidzidzo 12)

Muchidzidzo chino, tichataura nezve imwe nzira yekuburitsa manzwiro - dynamics (ruzha) rwemumhanzi.

Takatotaura kuti kutaura kwemimhanzi kwakafanana zvikuru nekutaura mupfungwa yedu yechinyakare. Uye imwe yenzira dzekutaura manzwiro edu (kunze kwe tempo yekudzokorora mazwi) ndeimwe, isina simba shoma - iyi ndiyo vhoriyamu yatinodudza nayo mazwi. Mashoko akapfava, erudo anotaurwa zvinyoro, mirairo, hasha, kutyisidzira uye zvikumbiro zvinonzwika. Kufanana nenzwi romunhu, mimhanzi inogonawo “kushevedzera” uye “kuzevezera”.

Iwe unofunga kuti chii chinobatanidza kuputika kunonzi "dynamite", boka remitambo "Dynamo" uye tepi "vatauri"? Ose anobva pashoko rimwe - δύναμις [dynamis], rakashandurwa kubva muchiGiriki se "simba". Ndipo panobva izwi rekuti “dynamics”. Mimvuri yeruzha (kana, muchiFrench, nuances) inonzi dynamic hues, uye kusimba kwerwiyo rwemumhanzi kunonzi dynamics.

Iwo anonyanya kushandura nuances, kubva panyoro kusvika kune ruzha, akanyorwa pazasi:

• pp - pianissimo - pianissimo - yakanyarara kwazvo
• p – Piano – piyano – nyoro
• mp — Mezzo piano — mezzo-piano — in meru quiet
• mf - Mezzo forte - mezzo forte - zvine ruzha zvine mwero
• f - Forte - forte - zvine ruzha
• ff -Fortissimo - fortissimo - yakanyanya ruzha

Kuratidza kunyange madhigirii akanyanyisa evhoriyamu, mamwe mavara f uye p anoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, iwo mazita fff uye ppp. Havana mazita akaenzana, kazhinji vanoti "forte-fortissimo" uye "piano-pianissimo", kana "three fortes" uye "mapiano matatu".

Kududzwa kwema dynamics kune hukama, kwete mhedziso. Semuenzaniso, mp hairatidzi chiyero chevhoriyamu chaiyo, asi kuti ndima yacho inofanira kuridzwa zvine ruzha kupfuura p uye yakati nyararei pane mf.

Dzimwe nguva mimhanzi pachayo inokuudza kuti unoridza sei. Semuenzaniso, ungaridza sei rwiyo rwekuridza mhere?

Ndizvozvo – kunyarara. Nzira yekuridza alarm?

Hongu, zvine ruzha.

Asi pane zviitiko kana zvisiri pachena kubva mumhanzi notation kuti mutambi akaisa chii muchidimbu chemimhanzi. Ndosaka munyori achinyora matinji muchimiro chemasimba ezvidhori pasi pechinyorwa chemimhanzi. Zvakawanda kana zvishoma seizvi:

Dynamic nuances inogona kuratidzwa zvese pakutanga uye mune chero imwe nzvimbo mubasa remimhanzi.

Pane zvimwe zviviri zviratidzo zvemasimba auchasangana nazvo kazhinji. Sekuona kwangu, vanotaridzika kunge miromo yeshiri:

Aya ma icons anoratidza kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuderera kwevhoriyamu yekurira. Saka, kuti iwedzere kuimba, shiri iyi inovhura muromo wayo wakafara (<), uye kuti ichiimbe yakanyarara, inovhara muromo wayo (>). Izvi zvinonzi "forks" zvinoonekwa pasi pezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi, pamwe nepamusoro payo (kunyanya pamusoro pechikamu chezwi).

Chimbofunga muenzaniso uyu:

Mumuenzaniso uyu, forogo yakareba ine simba ( < ) zvinoreva kuti chidimbu chinofanira kuridzwa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kusvika crescendo yapera.

Uye pano tapering "fork" ( > ) pasi pemutsara wemimhanzi zvinoreva kuti chidimbu chinoda kuridzwa chinyararire uye chinyararire kusvikira chiratidzo che diminuendo chapera, uye yekutanga vhoriyamu mumuenzaniso uyu mf (mezzo forte), uye vhoriyamu yekupedzisira. iri p (piano).

Nezvinangwa zvakafanana, nzira yekutaura inowanzoshandiswa zvakare. Izwi rokuti "Kukura“(crescendo yechiItalian, cresc.Diminuendo“(Italian diminuendo, dim yakapfupikiswa), kana kuti kuderera (decrescendo, yakapfupikiswa decresc.) - zvishoma nezvishoma kupera simba.

cresc mazita. uye dim. inogona kuperekedzwa nemimwe mirairo:

• poco - poco - zvishoma
• poco a poco - poco a poco - zvishoma nezvishoma
• subito kana sub. - subito - kamwe kamwe
• più – ndinonwa – zvimwe

Heano mamwe mazwi ane chekuita ne dynamics:

• al niente - al ninte - chaizvoizvo "kusina chinhu", kunyarara
• calando - kalando - "kuenda pasi"; dzikamisa uye dzikisa vhoriyamu
• marcato - marcato - kusimbisa chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe
• morendo - morendo - kupera (kudzikama uye kudzikisira nhanho)
• perdendo kana perdendosi - perdendo - kurasikirwa nesimba, kudonha
• sotto voce - sotto voce - nenzwi riri pasi

Zvakanaka, mukupedzisa, ndinoda kukwevera pfungwa dzako kune imwezve ine simba nuance - iyi kusimbiswa. Mukutaura kwemimhanzi, inonzwisiswa sekuchema kwakasiyana kwakapinza.

Mune zvinyorwa, zvinoratidzwa:

• sforzando kana sforzato (sf kana sfz) - sforzando kana sforzato - matauriro akajeka
• forte piano (fp) - zvine ruzha, ipapo ipapo chinyararire
• sforzando piano (sfp) - inoratidza sforzando inoteverwa nepiyano

Imwe "mataurirwo" pakunyora inoratidzwa ne > chikwangwani chiri pamusoro kana pasi pechinyorwa chinoenderana (chord).

Uye pakupedzisira, heino mienzaniso miviri apo iwe, ndinovimba, uchakwanisa kuisa ruzivo rwese rwawawana mukuita: