Nuances muMumhanzi: Tempo (Chidzidzo 11)

Nechidzidzo ichi, tichatanga nhevedzano yezvidzidzo zvakatsaurirwa kune akasiyana nuances mumhanzi.

Chii chinoita kuti mimhanzi ive yakasiyana, isingakanganwiki? Nzira yekuenda sei kubva pakusava nechiso kwechidimbu chemimhanzi, kuti iite yakajeka, inofadza kuteerera? Ndedzipi nzira dzemataurirwo enziyo dzinoshandiswa nevanyori nevatambi kuita izvi? Tichaedza kupindura mibvunzo iyi yese.

Ndinovimba kuti munhu wese anoziva kana kufungidzira kuti kuumba mimhanzi hakusi kungonyora zvinotevedzana zvinotevedzana… Mimhanzi kutaurawo, kutaurirana pakati pemunyori nemuiti, mutambi nevateereri. Mimhanzi kutaura kwakasiyana, kunoshamisa kwemunyori uye mutambi, nerubatsiro rwavanozivisa kune vateereri zvinhu zvese zvemukati zvakavanzwa mumweya yavo. Iko nerubatsiro rwekutaura kwemimhanzi kuti vanotanga kusangana neruzhinji, kuhwina kutarisisa kwayo, kumutsa manzwiro emanzwiro kubva kwairi.

Semukutaura, mumhanzi nzira mbiri huru dzekuburitsa manzwiro i tempo (kumhanya) uye simba (kukwidza). Aya ndiwo maturusi maviri makuru anoshandiswa kushandura manotsi akayerwa zvakanaka patsamba kuita mumhanzi unopenya usingazosiyi chero munhu asina hanya.

Muchidzidzo chino, tichataura nezvazvo kukurumidza.

Pace zvinoreva kuti “nguva” muchiLatin, uye kana ukanzwa mumwe munhu achitaura nezve tempo yerimwe mimhanzi, zvinoreva kuti munhu wacho ari kureva kumhanya kwainofanira kuridzwa.

Zvinoreva tempo zvichava zvakajeka kana tikarangarira chokwadi chekuti pakutanga mimhanzi yaishandiswa semumhanzi wekuperekedza kutamba. Uye kufamba kwetsoka dzevatambi ndiko kwaikonzera mumhanzi, uye vaimbi vakatevera vaimbi.

Kubva pakavambwa nziyo dzenziyo, vanyori vakaedza kutsvaga nzira yekunyatsoburitsa tempo panofanira kuridzwa mabasa akarekodhwa. Izvi zvaifanira kurerutsa zvikuru kuverenga manotsi emumhanzi usina kujairika. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakacherechedza kuti basa rimwe nerimwe rine kuputika kwemukati. Uye iyi pulsation yakasiyana kune rimwe nerimwe basa. Semwoyo wemunhu wega wega, unorova zvakasiyana, nekumhanya kwakasiyana.

Saka, kana tichida kuziva tsinga, tinoverenga nhamba yemoyo inorova paminiti. Saka zviri mumimhanzi - kurekodha kumhanya kwekupuruzira, vakatanga kurekodha nhamba yekurova paminiti.

Kuti ikubatsire kunzwisisa kuti mita chii uye kuti unoiziva sei, ndinokurudzira kuti utore wachi uye urove tsoka yako sekondi yega yega. Unonzwa here? Iwe tora imwe mugove, kana chimwe chete pasekondi. Zvino, uchitarisa wachi yako, rova ​​tsoka yako kaviri sekondi. Pakaita kumwe kurova. Iyo frequency yaunotsika tsoka yako inonzi nekufamba (or mita) Semuenzaniso, paunotsika tsoka yako kamwe pasekondi, tempo inorova makumi matanhatu paminiti, nekuti kune masekonzi makumi matanhatu muminiti, sezvatinoziva. Isu tinotsika kaviri sekondi, uye kumhanya kwatove 60 kurova paminiti.

Mumimhanzi notation, zvinotaridzika seizvi:

Iri zita rinotiudza kuti kota noti inotorwa sechikamu chekupuruzira, uye uku kupuruzira kunoenda nefrequency ye60 kurova paminiti.

Heano mumwe muenzaniso:

Pano, zvakare, nguva yekota inotorwa sechikamu chekuputika, asi kukurumidza kwekuputika kunowedzera kaviri nekukurumidza - 120 kurova paminiti.

Kune mimwe mienzaniso kana isiri chikamu chechina, asi yechisere kana hafu yenguva, kana imwe imwe, inotorwa sechikamu chekupuruzira… Heino mienzaniso mishoma:

Mushanduro iyi, rwiyo "Kunotonhora Muchando Kumuti Mudiki weKisimusi" rucharira zvakapetwa kaviri seyekutanga vhezheni, sezvo nguva yacho ipfupi zvakapetwa kaviri sechikamu chemita - pachinzvimbo chechina, yechisere.

Mazita akadai e tempo anowanzo kuwanikwa mumhanzi wemazuva ano wepepa. Vanyori venguva dzakapfuura vainyanya kushandisa tsananguro yemazwi ye tempo. Kunyange nanhasi, iwo mazwi akafanana anoshandiswa kutsanangura tempo uye kumhanya kwekuita sepanguva iyoyo. Aya mazwi echiItalian, nekuti paakazotanga kushandiswa, huwandu hwemimhanzi muEurope hwakagadzirwa nevanyori vekuItaly.

Izvi zvinotevera zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zve tempo mumimhanzi. Mumabhuraketi ekurerutsira uye imwe pfungwa yakakwana ye tempo, iyo inokwana nhamba yekurova paminiti ye tempo yakapihwa inopihwa, nekuti vanhu vazhinji havana ruzivo rwekuti kukurumidza kana kuti kunonoka sei iyi kana iyo tempo inofanira kunzwika.

• Guva - (guva) - iyo inononoka kumhanya (40 beats / min)
• Largo - (largo) - zvishoma nezvishoma (44 beats / min)
• Lento - (lento) - zvishoma nezvishoma (52 beats / min)
• Adagio - (adagio) - zvishoma nezvishoma, zvakadzikama (58 beats / min)
• Andante - (andante) - zvishoma nezvishoma (66 beats / min)
• Andantino - (andantino) - zvekuzorora (78 beats / min)
• Moderato - (moderato) - zvine mwero (88 beats / min)
• Allegretto - (allegretto) - inokurumidza kukurumidza (104 kurova / min)
• Allegro - (allegro) - nekukurumidza (132 bpm)
• Vivo – (vivo) – ine upenyu (160 beats / min)
• Presto - (presto) - inokurumidza zvikuru (184 beats / min)
• Prestissimo - (prestissimo) - nekukurumidza zvakanyanya (208 beats / min)

Zvisinei, tempo hairevi kuti chidimbu chinofanirwa kuridzwa nekukurumidza sei kana kuti kunonoka. Tempo inogadzirisawo mafungiro echimedu: somuenzaniso, mimhanzi inoridzwa zvikuru, zvishoma nezvishoma, pa tempo yeguva, inomutsa kusuruvara kwakadzika, asi mimhanzi imwe chete, kana ikaitwa zvikuru, nokukurumidza zvikuru, pa prestissimo tempo, ichaita. zvinofadza zvikuru uye nekupenya kwauri. Dzimwe nguva, kujekesa chimiro, vanyori vanoshandisa zvinotevera kuwedzera kune notation ye tempo:

• chiedza – легко
• cantabile - zvine mutsindo
• dolce - zvinyoro
• mezzo izwi - hafu yezwi
• sonore - sonorous (kwete kuvhiringidzwa nekudanidzira)
• lugubre - kusuruvara
• pesante – inorema, inorema
• funebre — kuchema, kuvigwa
• festivo - mutambo (mutambo)
• quasi rithmico - yakasimbiswa (yakawedzera) zvine mutinhimira
• misterioso - zvisinganzwisisike

Mashoko akadaro anonyorwa kwete chete pakutanga kwebasa, asi anogonawo kuonekwa mukati maro.

Kukuvhiringa iwe zvishoma, ngatiti musanganiswa ne tempo notation, adverbs anobatsira dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa kujekesa mimvuri:

• molton - zvikuru,
• asai - zvikuru,
• con moto - nekufamba, commodo - nyore,
• kwete troppo - kwete yakawandisa
• kwete tanto - kwete zvakanyanya
• semper - nguva dzose
• meno mosso - shoma mobile
• piu mosso - more mobile.

Semuenzaniso, kana tempo yerwiyo rwemumhanzi iri poco allegro (poco allegro), zvino zvinoreva kuti chidimbu chinoda kuridzwa "chikuru kwazvo", uye poco largo (poco largo) zvinoreva "zvishoma nezvishoma".

Dzimwe nguva mazwi emimhanzi ega ega muchidimbu anoridzwa pane imwe tempo yakasiyana; izvi zvinoitirwa kupa nzwisiso huru kubasa renziyo. Heano mashoma manyoro ekuchinja tempo aungasangana nawo mumimhanzi notation:

Kunonoka:

• ritenuto - kuzvidzora
• ritardando - kunonoka
• allargando - kuwedzera
• rallentando - slowing down

Kumhanyisa:

• accelerando - kukurumidza,
• animando - inokurudzira
• stringendo - kukurumidza
• stretto - kudzvinyirirwa, kudzvinya

Kudzorera kufamba kune tempo yekutanga, zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa:

• tempo - pamwero,
• tempo primo - tempo yekutanga,
• tempo I - tempo yekutanga,
• l'istesso tempo - the same tempo.

Chekupedzisira, ini ndichakuudza kuti hausi kutya ruzivo rwakawanda zvekuti haugone kubata nemusoro mazita aya nemusoro. Kune akawanda mareferensi mabhuku pamusoro peichi teminoji.

Usati watamba chidimbu chemimhanzi, iwe unongoda kutarisisa kune kudanwa kweiyo tempo, uye tsvaga iyo shanduro mubhuku rereferenzi. Asi, hongu, iwe unofanirwa kutanga wadzidza chidimbu pamwero unononoka, uye wochiridza pamwero wakapihwa, uchifunga nezvese matauriro muchikamu chose.