Nzira yekusarudza balalaika

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Balalaika mudziyo
Mazano kubva muchitoro "Mudzidzi" pakusarudza balalaika
Nzira yekusarudza balalaika
Mienzaniso ye balalaikas

balalaika munhu weRussia ane tambo rira chiridzwa. Kureba kwe balalaika kwakasiyana kwazvo: kubva 600-700 mm ( prima balalaika kusvika 1.7 m ( subcontrabass balalaika ) pakureba, ine triangular yakakombamira zvishoma (zvakare ovha muzana remakore rechi18-19) chikesi chemapuranga.

Mutumbi we balalaika wakabatanidzwa pamwe chete kubva kune zvakasiyana (6-7) zvikamu, musoro wehurefu zvigunwe a akakotama zvishoma kumashure. Tambo dzesimbi (Muzana ramakore rechi 18, mbiri dzadzo dzaive newaini; mabalalaika emazuvano ane naironi kana tambo dzekabhoni). Pa mutsipa yemazuva ano balalaika kune 16-31 simbi frets (kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 - 5-7 frets ).

Iko hakuna imwe pfungwa yekuona panguva yekuonekwa kwe balalaika. Zvinotendwa kuti balalaika yakapararira kubvira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi17. Zvichida inobva kuAsia dombra. Chakanga chiri “chiridzwa chakareba chine tambo mbiri, chaiva nomuviri kureba chingasvika masendimita makumi maviri nenomwe (anenge masendimita 27) uye kufara kwacho (anenge masendimita 18) nomutsipa ( mutsipa ) kureba nekanenge kana” ( M. Gutry, “Dissertation pamusoro pezvinhu zvekare zveRussia).

Dombra

The balalaika akawana kutarisa kwayo kwemazuva ano nekuda kwemuimbi-mudzidzisi Vasily Andreev uye masters V. Ivanov, F. Paserbsky, SI Nalimov nevamwe, avo muna 1883 vakatanga kuvandudza. Andreev VV akaronga kugadzira ruzha kubva kuspruce, uye kuita kumashure kwe balalaika kubva kune beech, uye zvakare kupfupisa kusvika 600-700 mm. Mhuri ye balalaikas yakagadzirwa naF. Paserbsky ( piccolo , prima, alto, tenor, bass, double bass) yakava hwaro hwechiRussian folk orchestra. Gare gare, F. Paserbsky akagamuchira patent muGermany nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwebalalaika.

The balalaika inoshandiswa seyoga, konzati, ensemble uye orchestral chiridzwa. Muna 1887, Andreev akaronga denderedzwa rekutanga revanoda balalaika, uye musi waMarch 20, 1888, mukuvaka kweSt. balalaika Fans yakaitika , iro rakazova zuva rekuzvarwa kweiyo orchestra yezviridzwa zvechiRussia.

Nzira yekusarudza balalaika

Balalaika mudziyo

muviri - inosanganisira bhodhi rekurira (chikamu chepamberi) uye chikamu chemashure chakanamirwa kubva kune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemapuranga. Kazhinji pane zvinomwe kana zvitanhatu zvezvikamu izvi.

fret board - chikamu chehuni chakarebeswa, icho tambo dzinodzvanywa paunenge uchitamba kuti uchinje chinyorwa.

Musoro ndiyo chikamu chepamusoro che balalaika, uko ma mechanics uye mbambo dziripo, dzinoshanda kuridza balalaika.

Mazano kubva muchitoro "Mudzidzi" pakusarudza balalaika

Unofanira kudzidza kutamba zvakanaka kure pachiridzwa chakanaka . Chiridzwa chakanaka chete chinogona kupa ruzha rwakasimba, rwakanaka, runyoro, uye hunyanzvi hwekutaura kwekuita kunoenderana nemhando yeruzha uye kugona kuishandisa.

Mutsipa ye balalaika inofanira kunge yakanyatsotwasuka, isina kukanganisa uye kuputika, kwete yakanyanya kukora uye yakanakira girth yayo, asi kwete yakanyanya kutetepa, sezvo munyaya iyi, pasi pesimba rekunze kwezvinhu (tambo kushushikana, kunyorova, kushanduka kwekushisa. ) , inogona kukanganisa nekufamba kwenguva. Zvakanakisa zvinhu zve prifa ari ebony.
Kusununguka fanira kuve yakakwenenzverwa kumusoro uye nemumucheto we mutsipa uye kwete kupindira nekufamba kweminwe yeruoko rworuboshwe.
Pamusoro pe, zvose frets inofanira kuva yehurefu hwakafanana kana kurara mundege imwechete, kureva kuti, kuitira kuti mutongi akaiswa pavari nemucheto anobata vose pasina kunze. Pakutamba balalaika, tambo, dzakatsikirirwa chero fret , inofanira kupa ruzha rwakajeka, rusingadenha. Zvinhu zvakanakisisa zve frets isimbi chena uye nickel.
tambo pegs dzinofanira be Mechanical . Ivo vanobata sisitimu zvakanaka uye vanobvumira kuita nyore uye kwakaringana tuning yechiridzwa. Icho chikamu chembambo, iyo tambo yakakuvadzwa, haifaniri kunge isina mhango, asi kubva pachidimbu chesimbi. Makomba iyo tambo dzinopfuudzwa dzinofanira kunge dzakanyatsoiswa jecha pamwe chete nemicheto, kana zvisina kudaro tambo dzichakurumidza kupera.
The soundboard (divi rakati sandara remuviri), rakavakwa nezvakanaka resonance spruce neyakajairwa, inofananidzwa yakanaka plies, inofanirwa kuve yakati sandara uye isambokotama mukati.
Kana paine hinged deko , iwe unofanirwa kuterera kuti yakasungirirwa chaizvo uye haina kubata dhizaini. Nhumbi dzezvombo dzinofanira kugadzirwa nematanda akaoma (kuitira kuti arege kuputika). Chinangwa chayo ndechekudzivirira deki yakapfava kubva mukuvhunduka uye kuparadzwa.
Balalaika shell
The pamusoro uye pasi sills anofanira kugadzirwa nematanda akaoma kana bhonzo kudzivirira kusasakara nokukurumidza. Kana iyo nut yakakanganiswa, tambo dzinorara pa mutsipa (pa frets ) uye kurira; kana chigaro chikakanganiswa, tambo dzinogona kukuvadza bhodhi rekurira.
Chimiro chetambo inofanira kugadzirwa nemepu uye nendege yayo yose yepasi yakabatana pedyo nebhodhi rekurira, pasina kupa chero kupi zvako. Ebony, oak, bone, kana softwood stands hazvikurudzirwe, sezvavanozviita kuderedza sonority yechiridzwa kana, zvakasiyana, ipe inopinza, isingafadzi bhero repasuo . Kureba kwekumira kunokosha zvakare; nzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo , kunyange ichiwedzera simba uye kupinza kwechiridzwa, asi chinoita kuti zviome kubvisa ruzha runyoro; zvakaderera- kunowedzera kunaka kwechiridzwa, asi kunoderedza simba remwanakomana wayo; iyo nzira yekuburitsa ruzha inofambiswa zvakanyanya uye inojairira mutambi we balalaika kungoita, kutamba kusinganzwisisike. Nokudaro, kusarudzwa kwekumira kunofanira kupiwa kunyanya kutarisirwa. Chimiro chisina kusarudzwa chinogona kuderedza ruzha rwechiridzwa uye kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuridza.
Mabhatani etambo (pedyo nechigaro) inofanira kugadzirwa nematanda akaoma zvikuru kana bhonzo uye kugara zvakasimba muzvigadziko zvadzo.
Kuchena kwehurongwa uye timbre yechiridzwa zvinoenderana ne kusarudzwa kwetambo . Tambo dzakatetepa zvikuru dzinopa ruzha rusina simba, runorira; yakawandisa kana kuita kuti zviome kuridza uye kunyima chiridzwa chine mutinhimira, kana, kusachengeta kurongeka, kubvaruka.
Kurira kwechiridzwa inofanira kunge yakazara, yakasimba uye inonaka bhero repasuo , isina hasha kana kuti matsi (“barrel”). Paunenge uchibvisa ruzha kubva kune tambo dzisina kudzvanywa, inofanirwa kuve kureba uye kupera kwete pakarepo , asi zvishoma nezvishoma. Hunhu hwekurira hunoenderana zvakanyanya nehupamhi hwechiridzwa uye kunaka kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, bhiriji uye tambo.