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Ruzha rwekukwidza ndeimwe yemhando huru yemimhanzi. inzwi. Pfungwa yeV.z. yakabatana nekuendeswa kwezviratidziro zvepamhepo kumimhanzi. V. h. inoumba chimiro chemaonero emunhu wekuzunguzika kwemuviri unorira uye inotsamira pairi zvakananga - iyo yakakwirira frequency, yakakwirira ruzha, uye zvinopesana. Maonero aV. h. zvinoenderana nechimiro chemuviri chenhengo yekunzwa. Kuti uone kujeka kwenzwi, ruzha runofanirwa kunge rwune harmonic spectrum kana spectrum padyo nayo (overtones inofanira kunge iri padivi peinonzi chiyero chechisikigo) uye kushomeka kweruzha; kana pasina kuwirirana (mumanzwi exylophone, mabhero, nezvimwewo) kana neruzha rweruzha (ngoma, tam-tam, nezvimwewo) V. z. zvinova zvishoma kujeka kana kusaonekwa zvachose. Inzwi rinofanira kunge rakareba zvakakwana - murejista yepakati, semuenzaniso, kwete pfupi kupfuura 0,015 seconds. Pamaonero aV. h. kurira kwenzwi, kuvapo kana kusavapo kwe vibrato, kurwisa kwezwi (chimiro chekuchinja kune simba mukutanga kwezwi), nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisawo. Mumhanzi Nyanzvi dzePsychologists dzinocherechedza zvinhu zviviri zvekuona-kukwira-kusvika: nguva, yakabatana nereshiyo yefrequencies yemanzwi, uye timbre, inoratidzwa nekunzwa kwekuchinja kwemuvara wezwi - kujekesa pakuwedzera uye kusviba kana kuderera. Chikamu chepakati chinonzwisiswa muhuwandu kubva ku16 Hz (C2) kusvika 4000-4500 Hz (inenge c5 - d5), chikamu chetimbre - kubva ku16 Hz kusvika 18-000 Hz. Kupfuura muganho wakaderera kune dunhu reinfrasound, uko nzeve yemunhu isingaone mafambiro e oscillatory seanonzwika zvachose. Kunzwa kwekunzwa kune kushanduka kuduku muV. z., inoratidzirwa nechikumbaridzo chekusiyanisa V. z., yakakwirira muhuwandu hwediki - 19rd octave; muzvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa, kunzwisiswa kwepitch kunoderera. Maererano nezvinowanzoitika zvekuona V. h. Kune marudzi akati wandei ekunzwa kwenzwi (ona. Mumhanzi kunzwa): absolute (kusanganisira tonal), hama, kana nguva, uye inzwi. Sezvo zvidzidzo zvakaratidza mazizi. mimhanzi acoustics NA Garbuzov, kunzwa kwepitch kune hunhu hwenzvimbo (ona Zone).

Mumhanzi V. maitiro h. inoratidzwa nemimhanzi, alfabheti uye nhamba zviratidzo (ona Musical Alphabet), muacoustics inoyerwa mu hertz (nhamba yekudengenyeka pasekondi); sechikamu chidiki chechiyero V. z. cent (hundredth of a tempered semitone) inoshandiswa.

References: Garbuzov HA, Zonal nature of acoustic hearing, M.-L., 1948; Mimhanzi acoustics, Uch. mvumo pasi peed. NA Garbuzova, M., 1954. Onawo lit. pa st. Acoustics imhanzi.

EV Nazaikinsky