Faustina Bordoni |

Faustina Bordoni

Inzwi raBordoni-Hasse rakanga rakanyorova zvisingaite. Hapana mumwe kunze kwake aikwanisa kudzokorora inzwi rimwe chete nokumhanya kwakadaro, uye kune rumwe rutivi, aiziva kubata chinyorwa nokusingaperi.

"Hasse-Bordoni akapinda munhoroondo yeimba yeopera semumwe wevamiririri vakuru vechikoro chebel canto vocal," anonyora SM Grishchenko. – Inzwi remuimbi raive rakasimba uye richichinjika, rakasiyana nekureruka uye kufamba; kuimba kwake kwaisiyaniswa nerunako runonakidza rweruzha, ruvara rwakasiyana-siyana rwetimbre palette, kushamisa kunoshamisa kwemazwi uye kujeka kwediction, kutaura kunoshamisa mune inononoka, inonzwika cantilena uye hunhu hunoshamisa mukuita kwematrill, fioritura, mordents, nzira dzinokwira nekudzika … hupfumi hwemithunzi ine simba (kubva kune yakapfuma fortissimo kusvika kune yakanyanya kupfava pianissimo). Hasse-Bordoni aive nechimiro chakajeka chechimiro, tarenda rakajeka rehunyanzvi, kuita kwakanakisa kwedariro, uye runako rusingawanzo. "

Faustina Bordoni akaberekwa muna 1695 (maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa, muna 1693 kana 1700) muVenice. Aibva kumhuri inokudzwa yeVenetian, akarererwa muimba yairemekedzwa yaI. Renier-Lombria. Pano Faustina akasangana Benedetto Marcello ndokuva mudzidzi wake. Musikana uyu akadzidza kuimba muVenice, paPieta Conservatory, naFrancesco Gasparini. Akabva avandudzwa nemuimbi ane mukurumbira we castrato Antonio Bernacchi.

Bordoni akatanga kuonekwa panhandare yeopera muna 1716 kuVenetian theatre "San Giovanni Crisostomo" mumutambo wekutanga we opera "Ariodante" naC. Pollarolo. Zvadaro, pachikamu chimwe chete, akaita mabasa makuru pamitambo yekutanga ye "Eumeke" naAlbinoni uye "Alexander Sever" naLotti. Nechekare mitambo yekutanga yemuimbi wechidiki yaive budiriro huru. Bordoni akakurumidza kuva akakurumbira, achiva mumwe wevaimbi veItaly vane mukurumbira. Venetians vane shungu vakamupa zita remadunhurirwa reNew Sirena.

Zvinonakidza kuti muna 1719 musangano wekutanga wekusika pakati pemuimbi naCuzzoni wakaitika muVenice. Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti mumakore asingasviki gumi vaizova vatori vechikamu muhondo yakakurumbira ye internecine muLondon.

Mumakore 1718-1723 Bordoni anoshanyira muItaly. Anoita, kunyanya, muVenice, Florence, Milan (Ducale Theatre), Bologna, Naples. Muna 1723 muimbi akashanyira Munich, uye muna 1724/25 akaimba muVienna, Venice uye Parma. Muripo wenyeredzi wakanakisa - anosvika zviuru gumi nezvishanu zvemagilder pagore! Mushure mezvose, Bordoni haisi kungoimba zvakanaka chete, asiwo yakanaka uye inokudzwa.

Mumwe anogona kunzwisisa kuti zvakanga zvakaoma sei kuti Handel "anyengere" nyeredzi yakadaro. Muimbi ane mukurumbira akauya kuVienna, kudare raMambo Charles VI, kunyanya kuBordoni. Yake "yekare" prima donna pa "Kingstier" Cuzzoni aive nemwana, unofanirwa kuitamba zvakachengeteka. Muimbi akakwanisa kupedzisa chibvumirano naBordoni, achimupa 500 mapaundi kupfuura Cuzzoni.

Uye zvino mapepanhau eLondon azere nerunyerekupe pamusoro peiyo prima donna itsva. Muna 1726, muimbi akaimba kekutanga pachikuva cheRoyal Theatre muHandel itsva opera Alexander.

Munyori ane mukurumbira Romain Rolland akazonyora kuti:

"London Opera yakapihwa kune castrati uye prima donnas, uye kune zvido zvevadziviriri vavo. Muna 1726, muimbi weItaly anozivikanwa zvikuru wenguva iyoyo, Faustina ane mukurumbira, akasvika. Kubva ipapo, mitambo yeLondon yakashanduka kuita makwikwi emalarynxes eFaustina naCuzzoni, vachikwikwidza mukuridza - makwikwi anoperekedzwa nekuchema kwevatsigiri vavo vanorwa. Handel aifanira kunyora "Alessandro" yake (Chivabvu 5, 1726) nekuda kwekutamba kwehunyanzvi pakati penyeredzi mbiri dzechikwata ichi, avo vakaimba mabasa evatenzi vaviri vaAlexander. Pasinei nezvose izvi, tarenda inoshamisa yaHandel yakazviratidza mumifananidzo yakawanda yakanaka muAdmeto (Ndira 31, 1727), hukuru hwayo hwaiita sehwaikwezva vateereri. Asi kukwikwidzana kwevanyori hakuna kungodzikama kubva pane izvi, asi kwakatonyanya kutyisa. Bato rega rega raichengeta mapepa emuhoro aiburitsa marambi akashata kune vaipikisa. Cuzzoni naFaustina vakasvika pakushatirwa kukuru zvekuti musi wa6 Chikumi 1727 vakabatirana vhudzi pachikuva ndokurwa zvekutinhira kwehoro yose pamberi paMusikana weWales.

Kubva ipapo, zvese zvachinja. Handel akaedza kutora mutsara, asi, sezvakataurwa neshamwari yake Arbuthnot, "dhiyabhorosi akasununguka": zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kumuisa pamaketani zvakare. Mhosva iyi yakarasika, kunyangwe mabasa matatu matsva akaitwa naHandel, umo mheni yehungwaru hwake inopenya ... Museve mudiki wakapfurwa naJohn Gay naPepush, unoti: "Beggars Opera" ("Beggars 'Opera"), vakapedza kukundwa kwe London Opera Academy… "

Bordoni akaita muLondon kwemakore matatu, achitora chikamu mune zvekutanga zvigadzirwa zveHandel's operas Admet, Mambo weThessaly (1727), Richard I, Mambo weEngland (1727), Cyrus, Mambo wePersia (1728), Ptolemy, mambo weEgypt. ” (1728). Muimbi uyu akaimbawo muAstyanax naJ.-B. Bononcini muna 1727.

Mushure mokubva kuLondon muna 1728, Bordoni akashanyira Paris nemamwe maguta eFrance. Mugore rimwe chetero, akatora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwekutanga kweAlbinoni's Fortitude in Trial paMilan's Ducal Theatre. Mumwaka wa1728/29, muimbi akaimba muVenice, uye muna 1729 akaita muParma neMunich. Mushure mekushanya kuTurin theatre "Reggio" muna 1730, Bordoni akadzokera kuVenice. Pano, muna 1730, akasangana munyori wokuGermany Johann Adolf Hasse, aishanda sebhendi muVenice.

Hasse ndomumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira panguva iyoyo. Izvi ndizvo izvo Romain Rolland akapa kumuimbi wokuGermany: “Hasse akapfuura Porpora mukunaka kwenziyo dzake, umo Mozart bedzi aienzana naye, uye muchipo chake chokuva neimba yevaimbi, chairatidzirwa murumbidzo yake yezviridzwa zvakapfuma, zvisinganyanyi kuderera kupfuura nziyo. kuzviimba. …”

Muna 1730, muimbi uye munyori vakabatanidzwa nemuchato. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, Faustina ainyanya kuita mabasa makuru mumitambo yemurume wake.

“Varoorani vaduku muna 1731 vanoenda kuDresden, kudare roMusarudzo weSaxony Augustus II Akasimba,” anonyora kudaro E. Tsodokov. -Nguva yeGerman yehupenyu uye basa reiyo yakakurumbira prima donna inotanga. Murume anobudirira, ane unyanzvi hwokufadza nzeve dzevanhu vose, anonyora opera pashure peopera (56 yose), mudzimai anoimba mairi. Iri "bhizinesi" rinounza mari yakawanda (6000 thaler pagore kune imwe neimwe). Mumakore 1734-1763, panguva yekutonga kwaAugustus III (mwanakomana waAugustus the Strong), Hasse aive mutungamiriri wechigarire weItaly Opera muDresden ...

Hunyanzvi hwaFaustina hwakaramba huchiwedzera kuyemura. Muna 1742, Frederick Mukuru akamuyemura.

Unyanzvi hwekuita hwemuimbi hwakakosheswa nemukuru Johann Sebastian Bach, uyo vaviri ava vaive neushamwari naye. Hezvino izvo zvaanonyora mubhuku rake nezvemunyori SA Morozov:

"Bach akachengetedza hukama hwehushamwari neDresden mumhanzi wechiedza, munyori wemaopera, Johann Adolf Hasse ...

Akasununguka uye akazvimiririra, muimbi ane ruremekedzo rwepanyika, Hasse akachengeta chiGerman chidiki maari kunyangwe muchitarisiko. Mhuno yakati tasa pasi pehuma yakatumba, chitarisiko chechiso chezasi chine upenyu, miromo inobata kumeso, chirebvu chakazara. Aine tarenda inoshamisa, ruzivo rwakakura rwemabhuku emimhanzi, iye, chokwadi, akafara kuwana kamwe kamwe mune yeGermany organist, bandmaster uye muimbi kubva mudunhu Leipzig, shure kwezvose, interlocutor anoziva basa reItaly neFrench mimhanzi vanyori zvakakwana.

Mudzimai waHasse, muimbi weVenetian Faustina, nee Bordoni, akafarira opera. Akanga ava nemakore makumi matatu. Dzidzo yakanakisa yezwi, hunyanzvi hwekugona kugona, yakajeka yekunze data uye nyasha, yakasimudzwa pachikuva, yakakurumidza kumuisa mberi mune operatic art. Pane imwe nguva akambotora chikamu mukukunda kwemimhanzi yeOpera yeHandel, zvino akasangana naBach. Iye chete muimbi aiziva vaviri vevasiki vakuru vemimhanzi yeGerman zvakanyanya.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti musi waGunyana 13, 1731, Bach, sezviri pachena naFriedemann, vakateerera kumutambo weHasse's opera Cleophida muhoro yeDresden Royal Opera. Friedemann, zvichida, akatora "nziyo dzeDresden" nechishuwo chikuru. Asi Baba Bach vakafarirawo mumhanzi wemuItaly wefashoni, kunyanya Faustina muchikamu chezita aive akanaka. Zvakanaka, ivo vanoziva chibvumirano, iwo maHasses. Uye chikoro chakanaka. Uye orchestra yakanaka. Bravo!

… Kusangana muDresden nevaroora vekwaHasse, Bach naAnna Magdalena vakavaratidza mutsa muLeipzig. NeSvondo kana zororo, vashanyi veguta guru vaisagona kubatsira asi kuteerera kune imwe Bach cantata mune imwe yemakereke makuru. Vanogona kunge vanga vari kumakonzati eCollege of Music uye vakanzwa ikoko nziyo dzepanyika dzakaitwa naBach nevadzidzi.

Uye muimba yekugara yeimba ye cantor, mumazuva ekuuya kwevaDresden artists, mimhanzi yakanzwika. Faustina Hasse akauya kudzimba dzepamusoro akapfeka zvakapfuma, asina-mapfudzi, aine fashoni yakakwirira, iyo yairemedza kumeso kwake kwakanaka. Muimba ye cantor, akaonekwa akapfeka zvine mwero - mumoyo make akanzwa kuomerwa kweramangwana raAnna Magdalena, uyo akakanganisa basa rake reunyanzvi nekuda kwebasa remukadzi wake naamai.

Muimba yecantor, mutambi wenyanzvi, opera prima donna, angave akaita soprano arias kubva kuBach's cantatas kana Passions. Mumhanzi weHarpsichord wokuItaly neFrench wakanzwika panguva idzi.

Reich paakauya, zvidimbu zveBach zvine mativi ega ezviridzwa zvinofuridza zvakarirawo.

Musikana webasa anopa kudya kwemanheru. Wese munhu anogara pasi patafura - nevaenzi vane mukurumbira, neshamwari dzeLeipzig, uye nhengo dzemhuri, uye vadzidzi vatenzi, dai vakadaidzwa nhasi kuzoridza mimhanzi.

Iine danho remangwanani, vaviri vehunyanzvi vachaenda kuDresden ... "

Semutungamiri ari ega weDresden Court Opera, Faustina akaramba achiitawo muItaly, Germany, neFrance. Panguva iyoyo paiva netsika inokosha. The prima donna aive nekodzero yekuti chitima chake pachikuva chitakure peji imwe, uye kana akatamba basa remuchinda, maviri. Mapeji aimutevera. Akatora nzvimbo yerukudzo kurudyi rwevamwe vatori vechikamu mumutambo, nokuti, sekutonga, akanga ari munhu anoremekedzwa zvikuru mumutambo. Pakaimba Faustina Hasse muna 1748 Dirka, uyo akazova muchindakadzi, muDemofont, akazvitsvakira nzvimbo yepamusoro kupfuura Princess Creusa, mutongi chaiye. Munyori pachake, munyori Metastasio, aifanira kupindira kuti amanikidze Faustina kubvuma.

Muna 1751, muimbi, ari mumaruva akazara emasimba ake ekusika, akasiya chikuva, achizvipira kunyanya kurera vana vashanu. Ipapo mhuri yeHasse yakashanyirwa nemumwe wevanyori vezvakaitika kare vemimhanzi venguva iyoyo, munyori uye munyori wenziyo C. Burney. Akanyora kunyanya:

“Mushure mekudya kwemanheru naMukuru Monsignor Visconti, munyori wake akandiendesa zvakare kuna Signor Gasse muLandstrasse, nzvimbo inoyevedza kupfuura mamwe ese eVienna… Signora Faustina anotaurisa zvakanyanya uye achiri kubvunza nezve zvese zvinoitika munyika. Akaramba akachengetedza kwemakore makumi manomwe nemaviri zvakasara zverunako rwaaive nemukurumbira muhuduku hwake, asi kwete inzwi rake rakanaka!

Ndakamuti aimbe. “Ah hazvigoneke! Ndinokutendai zvikuru!” (“Maiwe, handigoni! Ndarasikirwa nechipo changu chose”), akadaro.

… Faustina, uyo anove nhoroondo yenhoroondo yemimhanzi, akanditaurira nyaya dzakawanda dzevaimbi venguva yake; akataura zvakawanda pamusoro pematanho akaisvonaka aHandel ekuridza harpsichord neogani paakanga ari kuEngland, uye akati airangarira kusvika kwaFarinelli muVenice muna 1728, mufaro uye kushamiswa kwaakazoteererwa nako.

Vese vakararama panguva imwe chete navo vakabvumirana kufunga kusingarambiki kwakaitwa naFaustina. Hunyanzvi hwemuimbi wacho hwakayemurwa naV.-A. Mozart, A. Zeno, I.-I. Fuchs, J.-B. Mancini nevamwe vakararama panguva yemuimbi. Munyori I.-I. Quantz akati: “Faustina aive nemezzo-soprano isina kuchena pane ine mweya. Ipapo huwandu hwezwi rake hwakawedzera kubva padiki octave h kusvika pambiri-quarter g, asi akazoiwedzera ichidzika. Aiva neiyo inonzi nemaItalian un canto granito; kuita kwake kwakajeka uye kwaipenya. Aive nerurimi rwaifambiswa rwaimubvumira kududza mazwi nekukasira uye nekukasira, uye huro yakasimudzwa zvakanaka yemapassage aive nerunako uye nekukasira trill zvekuti aigona kuimba pasina kana kugadzirira, kana afarira. Pasinei nokuti ndima dzacho dzakatsetseka kana kuti dzinosvetuka-svetuka, kana kuti dzinodzokororwa ruzha rwakafanana, dzakanga dziri nyore kwaari kuridza sezvakaita chiridzwa chipi nechipi. Iye pasina panikiro ndiye akatanga kusuma, uye nebudiriro, kudzokororwa kwokukurumidza kwenzwi rimwe chetero. Akaimba Adagio nemanzwiro makuru uye nekutaura, asi kwete nguva dzose zvinobudirira kana muteereri aifanira kunyudzwa mukusuwa kukuru nenzira yekudhirowa, glissando kana syncopated manotsi uye tempo rubato. Akanga ane ndangariro inofadza zvechokwadi nokuda kwechinjo dzisina kufanira uye zvishongo, pamwe chete nokujeka uye kukurumidza kwekutonga, izvo zvakamubvumira kupa simba rakazara uye kutaura kumashoko. Mukutamba kwedariro, akaita rombo rakanaka; uye sezvo ainyatsodzora tsandanyama dzinochinjika uye maratidziro akasiyana-siyana anoumba chimiro chechiso, akatamba nebudiriro yakaenzana mabasa emagamba echisimba, ane rudo uye munyoro; mushoko, akaberekerwa kuimba nokutamba.

Mushure mekufa kwaAugust III muna 1764, vaviri vacho vakagara muVienna, uye muna 1775 vakaenda kuVenice. Pano muimbi akafa November 4, 1781.