Maria Malibran |

Maria Malibran

Malibran, coloratura mezzo-soprano, aive mumwe wevaimbi vakatanhamara vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Tarenda inoshamisa yemuimbi yakazarurwa kusvika pamwero wakazara muzvikamu zvakazara nemanzwiro akadzama, nzira, uye chido. Kuita kwayo kunoratidzirwa nerusununguko rwekuvandudza, hunyanzvi, uye kugona kwehunyanzvi. Izwi raMalibran raisiyaniswa nekutaura kwaro kwakakosha uye runako rwetimbre mune rezasi rerejista.

Chero bato rakagadzirirwa naye rakawana hunhu hwakasiyana, nekuti kuti Malibran atambe basa raireva kuti ararame mumimhanzi uye pachikuva. Ndokusaka Desdemona wake, Rosina, Semiramide, Amina akava nemukurumbira.

Maria Felicita Malibran akaberekwa musi waMarch 24, 1808 muParis. Maria ndiye mwanasikana weakakurumbira Tenor Manuel Garcia, muimbi wechiSpanish, gitare, muimbi uye mudzidzisi wezwi, tateguru wemhuri yevakakurumbira vanoimba. Pamusoro paMaria, yaisanganisira muimbi ane mukurumbira P. Viardo-Garcia uye mudzidzisi-muimbi M. Garcia Jr.

Kubva pazera remakore matanhatu, musikana wacho akatanga kutora chikamu mumitambo yeOpera muNaples. Pazera remakore masere, Maria akatanga kudzidza kuimba muParis achitungamirirwa nababa vake. Manuel Garcia akadzidzisa mwanasikana wake hunyanzvi hwekuimba uye kuita zvine hushingi hwakaganhurana nehudzvinyiriri. Gare gare, akati Mary aifanira kumanikidzwa kushanda nechibhakera chesimbi. Asi zvakadaro, akwanisa kuunza hunyoro hwake hwemukati mumiganhu yeunyanzvi, baba vake vakagadzira muimbi anoshamisa kubva mumwanasikana wavo.

Muchirimo cha1825, mhuri yaGarcia yakaenda kuEngland kumwaka wekuItaly opera. Musi waChikumi 7, 1825, Maria ane makore gumi nemanomwe akaita dhizaini yake pachikuva cheLondon Royal Theatre. Akatsiva Giuditta Pasta airwara. Mushure mekuimba pamberi peruzhinji rweChirungu saRosina muThe Barber yeSeville, akadzidza mumazuva maviri chete, muimbi wechidiki uyu akabudirira zvakanyanya uye akabatikana kuchikwata ichi mwaka usati wapera.

Pakupera kwezhizha, mhuri yaGarcia inosimuka paNew York packet boat kuenda kuUnited States. Mumazuva mashomanana, Manuel akaunganidza boka duku remimhanzi, kusanganisira nhengo dzemhuri yake.

Mwaka wakavhurwa muna Mbudzi 29, 1825, paPark tietre naBarber weSeville; pakupera kwegore, Garcia akaronga opera yake Mwanasikana weMars kuna Maria, uye gare gare mamwe matatu operas: Cinderella, The Evil Lover uye The Daughter of the Air. Maonero acho akanga ari zvose kubudirira kwounyanzvi nemari.

Musi waKurume 2, 1826, pakusimbirira kwababa vake, Maria akaroora muNew York mutengesi wechiFrench akura, E. Malibran. Wepashure aionekwa semupfumi, asi pasina nguva akaparara. Zvisinei, Maria haana kurasikirwa nekuvapo kwake kwepfungwa uye akatungamirira kambani itsva yeItaly opera. Kufadza ruzhinji rweAmerica, muimbi akaenderera mberi nemitambo yake yeopera. Somugumisiro, Maria akakwanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvomurume wake kuna baba vake nevakwereti. Pashure paizvozvo, iye nokusingaperi vakaparadzana Malibran, uye muna 1827 akadzokera France. Muna 1828, muimbi akatanga kuimba Grand Opera, Italian Opera muParis.

Yakanga iri nhanho yeItaly Opera iyo mukupera kwe20s yakava nhandare yeakakurumbira hunyanzvi "kurwa" pakati paMaria Malibran naHenriette Sontag. Mumaopera apo vakaonekwa vari pamwe chete, mumwe nemumwe wevaimbi aitsvaga kukunda mukwikwidzi wake.

Kwenguva yakareba, Manuel Garcia, uyo akapokana nemwanasikana wake, akaramba zvose zvakaedza pakuyananisa, kunyange zvazvo aigara achishaiwa. Asi dzimwe nguva vaifanira kusangana pachikuva cheItaly opera. Pane imwe nguva, sezvakataurwa naErnest Legouwe, vakabvumirana mukuita kwaRossini's Othello: baba - mubasa raOthello, akwegura uye ane bvudzi-vhudzi, uye mwanasikana - mubasa raDesdemona. Vese vakatamba nekuimba nekurudziro huru. Saka pachikuva, vachiombera veruzhinji, kuyananiswa kwavo kwakaitika.

Kazhinji, Maria akanga ari inimitable Rossini Desdemona. Kuita kwake kwerwiyo rwekuchema pamusoro pewillow kwakabata fungidziro yaAlfred Musset. Akataura zvaakaona munhetembo yakanyorwa muna 1837:

Uye ariya yakanga yakafanana nokuchema, Kusuruvara kunongobva pachipfuva, Kudanwa kunofa kwemweya, urombo neupenyu. Saka Desdemona akaimba kekupedzisira asati aenda kunorara ... Chekutanga, ruzha rwakajeka, rwakazara nechishuvo, Chakangobata pakadzika pemwoyo zvishoma, Sokunge wakapindwa nekavheti kemhute, Kana muromo unoseka, asi maziso azere nemisodzi. ... Hechino chidimbu chinosuwisa chakaimbwa kekupedzisira, Moto wakapfuura mumweya, usina mufaro, chiedza, Mudimbwa wakasuwa, wakarohwa neshungu, Musikana akakotama, akasuwa uye akacheneruka, Sokunge ndaona kuti mimhanzi yenyika. Haakwanisi kuisa mweya wekuda kwake, Asi akaramba achiimba, achifa mukuchema, Munguva yake yekufa akadonhedza zvigunwe zvake patambo.

Pakukunda kwaMaria, munun'una wake Polina aivepowo, uyo akadzokorora kutora chikamu mumakonzati ake semuimbi wepiyano. Hanzvadzi - nyeredzi chaiyo uye yeramangwana - hazvina kufanana zvachose. Akanaka Maria, "shavishavi rinopenya", mumashoko aL. Eritte-Viardot, akanga asingakwanisi kuita nguva dzose, kushanda nesimba. Akashata Polina akasiyaniswa muzvidzidzo zvake nekusimba uye kutsungirira. Kusiyana kwehunhu hakuna kukanganisa ushamwari hwavo.

Makore mashanu gare gare, mushure mokunge Maria abva kuNew York, pakukwirira kwemukurumbira wake, muimbi wacho akasangana nemukurumbira weBelgian violinist Charles Berio. Kwemakore anoverengeka, mukusafara kwaManuel Garcia, vaigara mumuchato wehurumende. Vakaroorana zviri pamutemo chete muna 1835, apo Maria akakwanisa kurambana nomurume wake.

Musi waChikumi 9, 1832, panguva yekushanya kwakanaka kweMalibran muItaly, mushure mekurwara kwenguva pfupi, Manuel Garcia akafa muParis. Asuruvariswa zvikuru, Mary akakurumidza kudzoka kubva kuRoma kuenda kuParis uye, pamwe chete naamai vake, vakatanga kuronga zvinhu. Mhuri yenherera - amai, Maria naPolina - vakatamira kuBrussels, mumasabhabhu eIxelles. Vakagara mune imwe imba yakavakwa nemurume waMaria Malibran, imba inoyevedza neoclassical, ine mbiri stucco medallions pamusoro pembiru dze semi-rotunda yakashanda semusuwo. Iye zvino mugwagwa waive neimba iyi wakatumidzwa zita remuimbi ane mukurumbira.

Muna 1834-1836, Malibran akabudirira kuita paLa Scala Theatre. Musi waMay 15, 1834, mumwe Norma mukuru akaonekwa paLa Scala - Malibran. Kuita basa iri pamwe chete nePasta yakakurumbira yairatidzika kunge isinganzwikwe nehushingi.

Yu.A. Volkov anonyora kuti: "Vateveri vaPasta vakafanotaura zvisina chokwadi kutadza kwemuimbi wechidiki. Pasta yainzi "mwarikadzi". Uye zvakadaro Malibran akakunda maMilanese. Mutambo wake, usina chero kokorodzano uye zvechinyakare clichés, ane chiokomuhomwe nehutsva hwechokwadi uye kudzika kweruzivo. Muimbi, sokunge zvakadaro, akamutsidzira, akabvisa mimhanzi uye mufananidzo wezvese zvakawandisa, zvekugadzira, uye, kupinda mukati mezvakavanzika zvemumhanzi waBellini, akadzokorora mufananidzo wakawanda, unofadza, unoyevedza waNorma, mwanasikana akakodzera, shamwari yakatendeka uye. mai vakashinga. VeMilane vakarohwa nehana. Pasina kubiridzira pane zvavanoda, vakapa mutero kuna Malibran.

Muna 1834, kuwedzera kuna Norma Malibran, akaita Desdemona muRossini's Otello, Romeo muCapulets neMontagues, Amina muBellini's La Sonnambula. Muimbi ane mukurumbira Lauri-Volpi akati: "MuLa Sonnambula, akarova nekubatanidzwa kwengirozi kwemutsara wezwi, uye mumutsara waNorma unozivikanwa "Iwe uri mumaoko angu kubva zvino zvichienda mberi" aiziva kuisa kutsamwa kukuru kwe shumba yakakuvadzwa.”

Muna 1835, muimbi uyu akaimbawo zvikamu zveAdina muL'elisir d'amore naMary Stuart mune opera yaDonizetti. Muna 1836, aimba rwiyo rwezita muna Vaccai's Giovanna Grai, akaonekana naMilan ndokuzoita muchidimbu mumitambo yemitambo muLondon.

Tarenda yeMalibran yakafarirwa zvikuru nevanyori G. Verdi, F. Liszt, munyori T. Gauthier. Uye muimbi Vincenzo Bellini akazove ari pakati pevateveri vemoyo wemuimbi. Muimbi weItaly akataura nezvemusangano wekutanga naMalibran mushure mekuita kwe opera yake La Sonnambula muLondon mutsamba kuna Florimo:

“Handina mashoko akakwana okukuratidzai matambudzo andakaita, kutambudzwa kana kuti, sezvinotaura maNeapolitans,” ndakabvisirwa mimhanzi yangu isina kunaka nevaRungu ava, kunyanya sezvo vaiimba nemutauro weshiri, sezvingangove maparroti, izvo zvandisina kukwanisa kunzwisisa masimba. Pakaimba Malibran ndipo pandakazoziva mufambisi wangu wekurara…

... Mune allegro yechiitiko chekupedzisira, kana kuti, mumashoko okuti "Ah, mabbraccia!" (“Ah, ndimbundire!”), Akaisa manzwiro akawanda, akaataura nomwoyo wose, zvokuti pakutanga zvakandishamisa, ndokuzondipa mufaro mukuru.

… Vateereri vakadaidzira kuti ndikwire pachikuva pasina kukundikana, uko kwandakapotsa ndadhonzwa nemhomho yevechidiki vaizviti vaifarira mimhanzi yangu, asi vandakanga ndisina rukudzo rwekuziva.

Malibran akanga ari mberi kwevanhu vose, akazvikanda pamutsipa wangu uye mukuputika kukuru kwemufaro akaimba zvishoma zvinyorwa zvangu "Ah, mabbraccia!". Haana zvimwe zvaakataura. Asi kunyange iyi kukwazisa kwakashata uye kusingatarisirwi kwakakwana kuita kuti Bellini, atonyanya kufara, asingatauri. “Mufaro wangu wasvika pakuperera. Handina kukwanisa kutaura izwi uye ndakavhiringika zvachose ...

Takabuda takabata maoko: zvimwe zvacho unogona kuzvifungira wega. Chandinogona kukuudza ndechokuti handizivi kana ndichazombova neruzivo rwakakura muupenyu hwangu.”

F. Pastura anonyora kuti:

"Bellini akatakurwa nerudo naMalibran, uye chikonzero cheizvi kwaive kukwazisa kwaakaimba uye nekumbundirwa kwaakasangana naye kuseri kwenhandare. Kune muimbi, akawedzera nemasikirwo, zvese zvakapera ipapo, aisakwanisa kuwedzera chimwe chinhu kune iwo mashoma manotsi. Kuna Bellini, chimiro chinopisa zvakanyanya, mushure memusangano uyu, zvese zvakangotanga: izvo Malibran asina kumuudza, akauya naye ...

… Akabatsirwa kuti apengenuke nemaitiro akasarudzika aMalibran, akakwanisa kukurudzira muCatanian aishingaira kuti nekuda kwerudo akatora manzwiro akadzama ekuyemura tarenda rake, izvo zvisina kumbopfuura ushamwari.

Uye kubva ipapo, hukama pakati peBellini naMalibran hwakaramba hune hushamwari uye hunodziya. Muimbi uyu aive shasha. Akapenda mufananidzo mudiki weBellini uye akamupa brooch neake mufananidzo. Muimbi wacho ainyatsorinda zvipo izvi.

Malibran haana kungodhirowa zvakanaka, akanyora akati wandei emimhanzi - nocturnes, romances. Mazhinji acho akazoitwa nasisi vake Viardo-Garcia.

Maiwe, Malibran akafa achiri mudiki. Rufu rwaMaria kubva pakudonha kubva pabhiza musi waGunyana 23, 1836 muManchester rwakakonzera kunzwira tsitsi muEurope yose. Anenge makore zana gare gare, opera yaBennett Maria Malibran yakaitwa muNew York.

Pakati pemifananidzo yemuimbi mukuru, anozivikanwa zvikuru ndiL. Pedrazzi. Inowanikwa muLa Scala Theatre Museum. Zvisinei, pane shanduro inonzwisisika zvachose iyo Pedrazzi akangoita kopi yemufananidzo nemufananidzo mukuru weRussia Karl Bryullov, mumwe anoyemura tarenda raMalibran. "Akataura nezvevatorwa vekune dzimwe nyika, vakasarudza kuna Mai Malibran ...", akayeuka muenzi E. Makovsky.