Grzegorz Fitlberg |

Grzegorz Fitelberg

Muimbi uyu ndeweimwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira mumutauro wePolish mimhanzi yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Mimhanzi yePolish ine chikwereti chikuru kuna Grzegorz Fitelberg nekuzivikanwa kwayo, kupinda kwayo mumakonsati epasirese.

Baba vemuimbi wemangwana - Grzegorz Fitelberg Sr. - aive kondakita wemauto uye, awana tarenda rinoshamisa mumwanakomana wake, akamutumira kuWarsaw Music Institute aine makore gumi nemaviri. Fitelberg akapedza kudzidza muna 1896 mukirasi yeviolin yaS. Bartsevich uye mukirasi yekunyora ye 3. Noskovsky, akagamuchira I. Paderevsky Prize nokuda kweviolin yake sonata. Mushure meizvozvo, akazova mutungamiriri weWarsaw Opera House Orchestra, uye gare gare yePhilharmonic. Nevapashure, akaita debut yake somuitisi muna 1904, uye makore mashomanene gare gare akatanga basa romuitisi wenguva dzose.

Panguva ino, Fitelberg akanga atowana mukurumbira semunyori anofadza, munyori wenziyo mbiri, symphonic poems (kusanganisira Nziyo pamusoro pe Falcon naM. Gorky), chamber uye nziyo dzezwi. Pamwe chete nevaimbi vekuPoland vanofambira mberi - M. Karlovich, K. Shimanovsky, L. Ruzhitsky, A. Sheluta - akanga ari murongi wesangano reYoung Poland, iro rakananga kusimudzira mimhanzi yenyika itsva. Uye munguva pfupi Fitelberg anozosiya kuumbwa kuti ashumire ichi chinangwa nehunyanzvi hwake hwekuitisa.

Nechekare pamakore gumi echipiri ezana ramakore redu, kondakita Fitelberg ari kuwana kuzivikanwa. Anoita nzendo dzake dzekutanga neWarsaw Philharmonic, anoitisa kuVienna Court Opera uye mumakonzati eSosaiti yeshamwari dzeMimhanzi, anopa huwandu hwemakonzati pamutambo wekutanga wemimhanzi yePoland muKrakow. Muiti wemifananidzo anoshandisa nguva yakareba muRussia - kubva muna 1914 kusvika muna 1921. Akaita makonti pachiteshi chechitima chePavlovsky, akatungamirira State Symphony Orchestra, akatungamirira mitambo paMariinsky neBolshoi theatre.

Fitelberg anga achishanda nechido chikuru uye nekusimba kubva paakadzokera kumusha kwake. Muna 1925-1934, akatungamirira Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra, uye ipapo akaronga boka rake pachake - Polish Radio Orchestra, iyo kare muna 1927 akapiwa menduru yegoridhe panguva World Exhibition muParis. Mukuwedzera, muimbi anogara achiita paWarsaw Opera, anoita nzendo refu dzeEurope, North uye South America, panguva yaasingapi makonzati chete, asiwo anoitisa mitambo yeOpera neBallet. Saka, muna 1924, akamira pachikuva cheS. Diaghilev's Russian Ballet, uye muna 1922 akabata kutanga kweStravinsky's Mavra paGrand Opera muParis. Fitelberg akashanyirazve USSR, uko unyanzvi hwake hwaifarira rudo rukuru rwevateereri. “Musangano mutsva wega wega naye unofadza nenzira itsva. Uyu ishasha yeunhu hukuru, kunyangwe akadzivirirwa, murongi ane hunyanzvi hweorchestra, anokwanisa kuiisa pasi peurongwa hwake hune kufunga uye hwakadzama hwekuita,” A. Goldenweiser akanyora nezvake.

Mutambi wekutanga wezvakawanda zvezvinyorwa zveshamwari dzake munharaunda yeYoung Poland, akapawo akawanda emakonzati kune dzimwe nyika, mapurogiramu ayo akaumbwa chete nemabasa aSzymanowski, Karlovich, Ruzhitsky, pamwe chete nevanyori vaduku - Wojtowicz, Maklakevich. , Palester, Perkovsky, Kondratsky nevamwe. Mukurumbira wepasi rose waSzymanowski wakanyanya kukonzerwa nekufemerwa uye kusingaenzaniswi kwemimhanzi yake naFitelberg. Panguva imwecheteyo, Fitelberg akazviita mukurumbira semuturikiri akanaka wemabasa evanyori vakuru vehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX - Ravel, Roussel, Hindemith, Milhaud, Honegger nevamwe. Kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, kondakita aigara achiita mimhanzi yeRussia, kunyanya Scriabin, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky; achitungamirirwa naye, First Symphony yaD. Shostakovich yakatanga kuitwa muPoland.

Kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake, Fitelberg akazvipira tarenda rake rose kushandira unyanzvi hwake hwekuzvarwa. Chete mumakore ekutonga kweNazi akamanikidzwa kusiya Poland uye akapa makonti muNetherlands, England, Portugal, USA, uye South America. Kudzokera kumusha kwake muna 1947, muimbi akatungamira Polish Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra muKatowice, akadzidziswa kuWarsaw Conservatory, akashanda zvakanyanya nemapoka emimhanzi emateur, uye akatora chikamu muzvirongwa zvakawanda zveveruzhinji. Fitelberg akapihwa mibairo yepamusoro uye mibairo yePolish People's Republic.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek