Wolfgang Sawallisch |
Wolfgang Sawallisch
Muna 1956, Wolfgang Sawallisch kekutanga akamira papodium yeVienna Symphony, imwe yeakanakisa orchestra muEurope, kuitisa konzati kubva kuGrand Symphony series. “Rudo pakuona kwokutanga” rwakamuka pakati pomuitisi nechikwata chevaimbi, izvo zvakazoita kuti atore chinzvimbo chemukuru mukuru weiyi ensemble. Vaimbi vakakwezvwa naZawallish neruzivo rwake rwakanaka rwezvibodzwa uye kuratidzwa kwakajeka kusingaenzaniswi kwezvishuwo zvake nezvaaida. Vaikoshesa nzira yake yekushanda pakudzokorora, zvakasimba, asi zvebhizimisi zvakanyanya, pasina kana frills, maitiro. “Chii chinonzi Zawallish,” chakadaro bhodhi revaimbi, “ndechokuti… Zvechokwadi, muimbi pachake anotsanangura credo yake nenzira iyi: "Ndinoda kuti munhu wangu ave asingaoneki zvachose, kuitira kuti ndingokwanisa kufungidzira mimhanzi yemunyori uye kuedza kuita kuti iite sekunge akaiteerera pachake, kuitira kuti chero mimhanzi iite. , ingave Mozart, Beethoven, Wagner, Strauss kana Tchaikovsky - yakanzwika nekuvimbika kwakakwana. Chokwadika, tinowanzoona kuva kwomuzvarirwo kwenguva idzodzo nemaziso edu uye tinozvinzwa nenzeve dzedu. Ndinokahadzika kuti tinogona kuona uye kunzwa sezvazvaimbova. Isu tichagara tichienderera mberi kubva panguva yedu uye, semuenzaniso, tinoona uye kududzira mimhanzi yerudo zvichienderana nemanzwiro edu azvino. Kunyangwe kunzwa uku kunoenderana nemaonero aSchubert kana Schumann, isu hatizive.
Kukura, ruzivo uye hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa zvakauya kuZawallish mumakore gumi nemaviri chete - basa rinotyisa kune kondakita, asi panguva imwechete isina chero sensationalism. Wolfgang Sawallisch akaberekerwa muMunich uye kubva paudiki akaratidza tarenda remimhanzi. Nechekare pazera ramakore matanhatu, akapedza maawa ari papiyano uye aida kuva muimbi wepiyano kutanga. Asi paakashanyira imba yeopera kekutanga pamutambo we "Hansel naGretel" naHumperdinck, akatanga kunzwa chido chekutungamirira orchestra.
Mumwe ane makore gumi nemapfumbamwe akapedza kudzidza pachikoro cheZavallish anoenda kumberi. Zvidzidzo zvake zvakatangwazve muna 1946. Achidzokera kuMunich, akava mudzidzi waJosef Haas mudzidziso uye Hans Knappertsbusch mukuitisa. Muimbi wechidiki anoyedza kugadzirisa nguva yakarasika uye anosiya zvidzidzo zvake gore rinotevera kuti atore nzvimbo sekondakita muAugsburg. Iwe unofanirwa kutanga neR. Benatsky's operetta "The Enchanted Girls", asi munguva pfupi akanga ane rombo rakanaka rokuitisa opera - zvose zvakafanana "Hansel naGretel"; hope dzepwere dzinoitika.
Zawallisch akashanda muAugsburg kwemakore manomwe uye akadzidza zvakawanda. Munguva iyi, akaitawo semupiyano uye akatokwanisa kuhwina mubairo wekutanga pamakwikwi esonata duets muGeneva, pamwe chete nemuridzi weviolinist G. Seitz. Akabva aenda kunoshanda muAachen, atova "muimbi wemhanzi", uye akaita zvakawanda muOpera uye mumakonzati pano, uye gare gare muWiesbaden. Zvadaro, atova mumakore makumi matanhatu, pamwe chete neVienna Symphonies, akatungamirirawo Cologne Opera.
Zawallish anofamba zvishoma, achida basa rechigarire. Izvi, zvisinei, hazvireve kuti anongogumira pazviri: kondakita anogara achiita pamitambo mikuru muLucerne, Edinburgh, Bayreuth nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemimhanzi dzeEurope.
Zawallish haina vanyori vanofarira, masitayera, marudzi. “Ndinoona kuti,” anodaro, “kuti munhu haagoni kuitisa opera asina kunyatsonzwisisa zvakakwana simphony yacho, uye zvakasiyana, kuti anzwe manzwiro enziyo dzinonakidza dzekonzati yenziyo, opera inodiwa. Ini ndinopa nzvimbo huru mumakonzati angu kune classics uye yerudo, mune yakafara pfungwa yezwi. Ipapo kunouya mimhanzi yemazuva ano inozivikanwa kusvika kumakirasi ayo atovezwa nhasi - seHindemith, Stravinsky, Bartok naHonegger. Ndinoreurura kuti kusvika ikozvino handina kukwezvwa zvakanyanya - mimhanzi yegumi nembiri. Zvese izvi zvidimbu zvechinyakare zvemumhanzi wekare, zverudo uye zvemazuva ano ndinozviita nemusoro. Izvi hazvifanirwe kutorwa se "kunaka" kana ndangariro dzinoshamisa: Ini ndine maonero ekuti munhu anofanira kukura padyo nebasa rakadudzirwa kuti anyatsoziva jira rayo, chimiro, mutinhimira. Nekuridza nemusoro, unosvika pakuonana kwakadzama uye kwakananga neochestra. Ochestra inobva yanzwa kuti zvipingamupinyi zvabviswa.”
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
