Eric Satie (Erik Satie) |

erik satie

Makore akakwana, mhute uye aquariums, nymphs dzemvura uye hwema hwehusiku; tinoda mimhanzi yepanyika, mimhanzi yehupenyu hwemazuva ese!… J. Cocteau

E. Satie mumwe wevanyori veFrance vanonyanya kukangaidzika. Akashamisa vaairarama navo kanopfuura kamwe nokutaura nokushingaira muziviso dzake dzokusika mukurwisana nezvaakanga adzivirira nokushingaira kusvikira nguva pfupi yapfuura. Mumakore ekuma1890, asangana naC. Debussy, Satie akapikisa kutevedzera mapofu kwaR. Wagner, nokuda kwekusimudzirwa kwemhanzi yekufungidzira, iyo yaifananidzira kumutsidzirwa kweFrench yenyika. Mushure mezvo, munyori akarwisa epigones of impressionism, achipikisa kusajeka kwayo uye kukwenenzverwa nekujeka, nyore, uye kuomarara kwekunyora kwemutsara. Vanyori vechidiki ve "Vatanhatu" vakakurudzirwa zvakasimba naSati. Mudzimu wokupandukira usingadzoreki waigara mumunyori, uchidana kuti tsika dziparadzwe. Sati akakwezva wechidiki nekunetseka kwakashinga kuravira kwephilistine, nekuzvimiririra kwake, kutonga kwakanaka.

Sati akaberekerwa mumhuri yemutengesi wechiteshi. Pakati pehama pakanga pasina vaimbi, uye kukwezvwa kwairatidzirwa kwokutanga kumimhanzi hakuna kucherekedzwa. Chete apo Eric aive nemakore gumi nemaviri - mhuri yakatamira kuParis - ndipo pakatanga zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvakakomba. Pazera re12, Sati akapinda muParis Conservatory, akadzidza kuwirirana uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvepfungwa ikoko kwenguva yakati, uye akatora zvidzidzo zvepiyano. Asi asingagutsikani nekudzidziswa, anosiya makirasi nevazvipiri veuto. Kudzokera kuParis gore rakatevera, anoshanda semupiyano mumakofi madiki muMontmartre, kwaanosangana naC. Debussy, uyo akatanga kufarira kuwirirana kwepakutanga mukuvandudzwa kwemupiyano wechidiki uye akatotora kuimba kwepiyano yake Gymnopédie. . Kuzivana kwakashanduka kuita hushamwari hwenguva refu. Pesvedzero yaSatie yakabatsira Debussy kukurira kuda kwake kwehudiki nebasa raWagner.

Muna 1898, Satie akatamira kunzvimbo yeParisian yeArcay. Akagara mukamuri rine mwero pauriri hwechipiri pamusoro pekafeki duku, uye hapana nomumwe weshamwari dzake aigona kupinda muiyi kupotera kwomunyori wacho. Kuna Sati, zita rekuti "Arkey hermit" rakasimbiswa. Aigara oga, achinzvenga vaparidzi, achinzvenga kupiwa mari kwaiitwa nedzimba dzemitambo. Nguva nenguva aionekwa muParis nerimwe basa idzva. Yese mimhanzi yeParis yakadzokorodza hungwaru hwaSati, chinangwa chake chakanyatsonangana, chinotyisa cheunyanzvi, nezvevamwe vanyori.

Muna 1905-08. pazera re39, Satie akapinda muSchola cantorum, kwaakadzidza counterpoint uye kuumbwa naO. Serrier naA. Roussel. Nziyo dzekutanga dzaSati dzinodzokera kumashure kuma80s uye 90s: 3 Gymnopedias, Misa Yevarombo yekwaya neogani, Cold Pieces yepiyano.

Kuma20s. akatanga kuburitsa miunganidzwa yezvimedu zvepiyano, zvisina kujairika muchimiro, zvine mazita akawandisa: "Zvidimbu Zvitatu Muchimiro chePeya", "Muganda reBhiza", "Otomatiki Tsananguro", "Mazai Akaomeswa". Nziyo dzinoverengeka dzinoshamisa dzenziyo-waltzes, dzakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira, zvakare ndedzenguva imwe cheteyo. Muna 1915, Satie akava pedyo nemudetembi, munyori wemitambo uye mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi J. Cocteau, uyo akamukoka, pamwe chete naP. Picasso, kuti anyore ballet yeboka reS. Diaghilev. Iyo yekutanga ye ballet "Parade" yakaitika muna 1917 pasi pekutungamirirwa naE. Ansermet.

primitivism nemaune uye yakasimbisa kusakoshesa kunaka kwerunako, kuiswa kwemanzwi emasairini emotokari muchikamu, kurira kwetapureta nemamwe ruzha kwakakonzera mheremhere muruzhinji uye kurwiswa nevatsoropodzi, izvo zvisina kuodza moyo munyori. shamwari dzake. Mumumhanzi weParade, Sati akadzoreredza mweya wehoro yemimhanzi, manzwi uye mutinhimira wemazuva ese emigwagwa mitsindo.

Yakanyorwa muna 1918, mimhanzi ye "symphonic dramas nekuimba kwaSocrates" pamashoko ehurukuro dzechokwadi dzaPlato, pane kudaro, inosiyaniswa nekujekesa, kuzvidzora, kunyange kuoma, uye kusavapo kwemigumisiro yekunze. Izvi zvinonyatsopesana ne "Parade", zvisinei nekuti mabasa aya anoparadzaniswa negore chete. Mushure mokunge Socrates apedza, Satie akatanga kushandisa pfungwa yekupa mimhanzi, inomiririra, sokunge zvakadaro, mararamiro ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Sati akapedza makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake ari ega, achigara muArkay. Akaputsa ukama hwose ne "Six" uye akaunganidza boka idzva revanyori, rainzi "Arkey School". (Yaisanganisira vanyori M. Jacob, A. Cliquet-Pleyel, A. Sauge, conductor R. Desormières). Iyo huru yeaesthetic nheyo yeiyi mubatanidzwa wekugadzira yaive chishuwo chehunyanzvi hutsva hwedemokrasi. Rufu rwaSati rwakapfuura zvisingaonekwi. Chete mukupera kwema50s. kune kusimuka kwekufarira munhaka yake yekusika, kune marekodhi epiyano yake uye nziyo dzemazwi.

V. Ilyeva