Giuseppe Di Stefano |

Giuseppe Di Stefano

Leoncavallo. "Pagliacs". "Vesti la giubba" (Giuseppe Di Stefano)

Di Stefano ndeweboka rinoshamisa revaimbi vakabuda munguva yepashure pehondo ndokuva kudada kwehunyanzvi hwekutaura hweItaly. VV Timokhin anoti: “Mifananidzo yaEdgar (“Lucia di Lammermoor” naDonizetti), Arthur naElvino (“The Puritani” uye “La Sonnambula” naBellini) yakagadzirwa naDi Stefano yakamuwanira mukurumbira pasi rose. Pano muimbi anoratidzika kunge akashongedzerwa nehunyanzvi hwake: kurira kwake kunoshamisa, kwakatsetseka, chirevo chekuveza uye cantilena, azere nekunzwa kwerudo, akaimbwa ne "rima", rakapfuma zvisingaite, gobvu, velvety ruzha.

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda vevocal art vanowana Di Stefano munyori wezwi, semuenzaniso mubasa raEdgar, mugari wenhaka akakodzera kune mukuru wezana remakore rapfuura, Giovanni Battista Rubini, uyo akasika mufananidzo usingakanganwiki wemudiwa waLucia muOpera yaDonizetti.

Mumwe wevatsoropodzi mukudzokorora kwekurekodhwa kwe "Lucia" (pamwe naCallas naDi Stefano) akanyora zvakananga kuti, kunyangwe zita remutambi akanakisa webasa raEdgar muzana ramakore rapfuura rave rakakomberedzwa nemukurumbira wengano. neimwe nzira yakaoma kufungidzira kuti aigona kuburitsa zvakawanda kune vateereri fungidziro kupfuura Di Stefano mune ino chinyorwa. Mumwe haagoni asi kubvumirana nemafungiro emuongorori: Edgar - Di Stefano zvirokwazvo ndeimwe yemapeji anoshamisa eunyanzvi hwezwi hwemazuva edu. Zvichida, kana muimbi akasiya chinyorwa ichi chete, ipapo kunyange ipapo zita rake richava pakati pevaimbi vakuru venguva yedu.

Giuseppe Di Stefano akaberekerwa muCatania musi waChikunguru 24, 1921 mumhuri yemauto. Mukomana wacho aivewo pakutanga kuzoita mukuru, panguva iyoyo pakanga pasina zviratidzo zvebasa rake rekuvhiya.

Chete muMilan, kwaakadzidza paseminari, mumwe weshamwari dzake, mudiwa mukuru weunyanzvi hwezwi, akasimbirira kuti Giuseppe aende kuvadzidzisi vane ruzivo kuti vawane mazano. Pakurumbidza kwavo, jaya, richisiya seminari, rakatanga kudzidza kuimba. Vabereki vakatsigira mwanakomana wavo uye vakatamira kuMilan.

Di Stefano aidzidza naLuigi Montesanto pakatanga Hondo Yenyika II. Akapinzwa muchiuto, asi haana kusvika kuhondo. Akabatsirwa nemumwe wemapurisa, aifarira chaizvo inzwi remurwi wechidiki. Uye mukupera kwa1943, apo rutivi rwaDi Stefano rwaizoenda kuGermany, akatizira kuSwitzerland. Pano muimbi akapa makonti ake okutanga, purogiramu yaisanganisira yakakurumbira opera Arias uye nziyo dzeItaly.

Mushure mekupera kwehondo, kudzokera kunyika yake, akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake paMontesanto. Musi waApril 1946, 1947, Giuseppe akaita debut yake saDe Grieux muMassenet's opera Manon paMunicipal Theatre yeReggio Emilia. Pakupera kwegore, muimbi anoridza muSwitzerland, uye munaKurume XNUMX anoita kekutanga padanho renhoroondo yeLa Scala.

Mukupera kwa1947, Di Stefano akaongororwa nemukuru weNew York Metropolitan Opera, Edward Johnson, aive pazororo kuItaly. Kubva pamashoko ekutanga akaimbwa nemuimbi, mutungamiriri akaziva kuti pamberi pake pakanga pane lyrical tenor, iyo yakanga isati yavapo kwenguva refu. "Anofanira kuimba paMet, uye zvechokwadi mumwaka mumwe chete!" Johnson akasarudza.

Muna Kukadzi 1948, Di Stefano akaita debut yake paMetropolitan Opera seDuke muRigoletto uye akave soloist weiyo theatre. Inyanzvi yemuimbi haina kuonekwa chete nevateereri, asiwo nevatsoropodzi vemimhanzi.

Kwemwaka mishanu yakatevedzana, Di Stefano akaimba muNew York, kunyanya nziyo dzenziyo dzakadai seNemorino (“Potion yeRudo”), de Grieux (“Manon” Massenet), Alfreda (“La Traviata”), Wilhelm (“Mignon” Thomas), Rinuccio ("Gianni Schicchi" naPuccini).

Muimbi ane mukurumbira Toti Dal Monte akayeuka kuti aisakwanisa kurega kuchema paakateerera Di Stefano pachikuva cheLa Scala muMignon - kuita kwemuimbi kwaibaya mwoyo uye pamweya.

Sezvo ari soloist weMetropolitan, muimbi akaimba munyika dzeCentral neSouth America - nekubudirira kwakakwana. Chokwadi chimwe chete: munhandare yeRio de Janeiro, kekutanga mumakore mazhinji, mutemo wakatyorwa, izvo zvakarambidza encores panguva yekuita.

Kutanga kubva mumwaka wa1952/53, Di Stefano anoimba zvakare kuLa Scala, kwaanoita zvine hungwaru zvikamu zveRudolph naEnzo (La Gioconda naPonchielli). Mumwaka we1954/55, akaita zvikamu zvitanhatu zvepakati, izvo panguva iyoyo zvainyatsoratidza kugona kwake uye chimiro chekutsvaga kwake repertory: Alvaro, Turiddu, Nemorino, Jose, Rudolf naAlfred.

"Mumaopera akaitwa naVerdi uye verist vanyori," anonyora VV Timokhin, - Di Stefano anooneka pamberi pevateereri semuimbi ane hunyoro hwakajeka, anonzwa zvakajeka uye neunyanzvi achiburitsa zvese zvinokwira nekudzika zveVerdi-Verist lyrical drama, inokwezva nemupfumi. , huru, yakasununguka "inoyangarara" inzwi, zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingaoneki zvemasimba ane simba, magumo ane simba uye "kuputika" kwemanzwiro, hupfumi hwetimbre mavara. Muimbi ane mukurumbira nekutaura kwake kunoshamisa kwe "kuveza" mitsara, mitsetse yezwi muma opera eVerdi uye verists, ingave madhaka anopisa nekupisa kwekuda kana kufema, kunotapira kwemhepo. Kunyangwe muzvikamu zveopera zvakakurumbira zvakadai sekuti, "Scene at the Ship" ("Manon Lescaut" naPuccini), Calaf's arias ("Turandot"), damba rekupedzisira naMimi kubva ku"La Boheme", "Farewell to Mother. ” ("Kukudzwa kwenyika"), Cavaradossi's arias kubva kune yekutanga neyechitatu zviito zve "Tosca", muimbi anowana zvinoshamisa "primordial" kutsva uye kufara, kuvhurika kwemanzwiro.

Kubva pakati pe50s, rwendo rwakabudirira rwaDi Stefano rwakatenderedza maguta eEurope neUSA rwakaenderera mberi. Muna 1955, padanho reWest Berlin Guta Opera, akapinda mukugadzirwa kweOpera yaDonizetti Lucia di Lammermoor. Kubva 1954, muimbi agara achiimba kwemakore matanhatu paChicago Lyric Theatre.

Mumwaka we1955/56, Di Stefano akadzokera padanho reMetropolitan Opera, kwaakaimba muCarmen, Rigoletto naTosca. Muimbi anowanzo kuridza pachikuva cheRome Opera House.

Mukuedza kuwedzera mutsara wake wekugadzira, muimbi anowedzera basa remutambo unoshamisa kune zvikamu zvenziyo. Pakuvhurwa kwemwaka we1956/57 kuLa Scala, Di Stefano akaimba Radamès muAida, uye mwaka unotevera muUn ballo mu maschera akaimba chikamu chaRichard.

Uye mumabasa echirongwa chinoshamisa, muimbi akabudirira zvikuru nevateereri. Mune opera "Carmen" mukupera kwe50s, Di Stefano aitarisira kukunda kwechokwadi pachikuva cheVienna State Opera. Mumwe wevatsoropodzi akatonyora kuti: zvinoita sezvisingadaviriki kwaari kuti Carmen airamba sei moto, munyoro, ane shungu uye anobata Jose.

Kweanopfuura makore gumi, Di Stefano akaimba nguva dzose paVienna State Opera. Somuenzaniso, muna 1964 chete akaimba pano mumaopera manomwe: Un ballo mu maschera, Carmen, Pagliacci, Madama Butterfly, Andre Chenier, La Traviata uye Love Potion.

Muna Ndira 1965, makore gumi gare gare, Di Stefano akaimba zvakare paMetropolitan Opera. Ave kutamba basa raHoffmann muOffenbach's Tales of Hoffmann, akange asisakwanise kukunda matambudziko echikamu ichi.

Kuenderera mberi kwakatevera mugore rimwechete paColon Theatre muBuenos Aires. Di Stefano akangoita muTosca chete, uye kuita kweUn ballo mu maschera kwaifanira kudzimwa. Uye kunyange, sezvakanyora vatsoropodzi, mune zvimwe zvikamu inzwi remuimbi rainzwika zvakanaka, uye pianissimo yake yemashiripiti mumutambo waMario naTosca kubva pachiitiko chechitatu chakanyatsomutsa kufara kwevateereri, zvakava pachena kuti makore akanakisisa emuimbi akanga ari shure kwake. .

PaWorld Exhibition muMontreal "EXPO-67" nhepfenyuro yemitambo ye "Land of Smiles" naLehár pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwaDi Stefano kwakaitika. Kukwezva kwemuimbi kune operetta kwakabudirira. Muimbi zviri nyore uye nemasikirwo akararama nechikamu chake. MunaNovember 1967, mune imwecheteyo operetta, akaita pachikuva cheVienna Theatre an der Wien. Muna Chivabvu 1971, Di Stefano akaimba chikamu cheOrpheus muOperetta Orpheus muGehena padanho reRome Opera.

Zvisinei, muimbi wacho akadzokera kumutambo we opera. Mukutanga 1970 akaita chikamu cheLoris muFedora kuBarcelona's Liceu naRudolf muLa bohème kuMunich National Theatre.

Imwe yemitambo yekupedzisira yaDi Stefano yakaitika mumwaka we1970/71 kuLa Scala. Tenor ane mukurumbira akaimba chikamu chaRudolf. Inzwi remuimbi, maererano nevatsoropodzi, rainzwika zvakanaka kunyange mukati mese, rakapfava uye rine mweya, asi dzimwe nguva akatadza kudzora inzwi rake uye airatidzika kuneta zvakanyanya muchiitiko chekupedzisira.

Akaita debut yake muna 1946 (Reggio nel Emilia, chikamu cheDe Grieux muMassenet's Manon). Kubva 1947 paLa Scala. Muna 1948-65 akaimba paMetropolitan Opera (kutanga saDuke). Muna 1950, pamutambo weArena di Verona, akaita chikamu cheNadir muBizet's The Pearl Seekers. Muna 1954 akaita pachikuva Grand Opera sezvo Faust. Akaimba paMutambo weEdinburgh (1957) chikamu cheNemorino (Donizetti's Love Potion). MuCovent Garden muna 1961 Cavaradossi. Di Stefano aigara achifambidzana naye pachikuva uye pamarekodhi aive Maria Callas. Naiye, akaita rwendo rukuru rwekonzati muna 1973. Di Stefano muimbi akatanhamara wehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Repertoire yake yakakura yaisanganisira zvikamu zveAlfred, José, Canio, Calaf, Werther, Rudolf, Radames, Richard muUn ballo mu maschera, Lensky nevamwe. Pakati pezvakarekodhwa zvemuimbi, kutenderera kwese kwemaopera akarekodhwa kuEMI pamwe chete naCallas anomira pachena: Bellini's Puritani (Arthur), Lucia di Lammermoor (Edgar), Love Potion (Nemorino), La bohème (Rudolf), Tosca (Cavaradossi), " Troubadour" (Manrico) nevamwe. Akaita mumafirimu.

E. Tsodokov