Vhidhiyo Pinza (Ezio Pinza) |

Ezio Pinza

Pinza ndiyo yekutanga bass yeItaly yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Akatsungirira nyore nyore nematambudziko ese ehunyanzvi, achishamisa neakanaka bel canto, mumhanzi uye kuravira kwakapfava.

Ezio Fortunio Pinza akaberekwa May 18, 1892 muRoma, mwanakomana wemuvezi. Mukutsvaga basa, vabereki vaEzio vakatamira kuRavenna nguva pfupi mushure mokuberekwa kwake. Atova makore masere, mukomana akatanga kubatsira baba vake. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, baba vakanga vasingadi kuona mwanakomana wavo achienderera mberi nebasa rake - akarota kuti Ezio aizova muimbi.

Asi zviroto zviroto, uye pashure pokunge arasikirwa nebasa rababa vake Ezio aifanira kusiya chikoro. Iye zvino akanga ava kutsigira mhuri yake nepaaigona napo. Pazera remakore gumi nemasere, Ezio akaratidza tarenda rebhasikoro: mune rimwe makwikwi makuru muRavenna, akatora nzvimbo yechipiri. Pamwe Pinza akagamuchira kondirakiti inobhadhara yemakore maviri, asi baba vake vakaramba vachitenda kuti kuimba kwaEzio kwaive kuimba. Kunyangwe mutongo weakanakisa Bolognese mudzidzisi-muimbi Alessandro Vezzani haana kutonhodza mukuru Pinza. Akabva ati: “Mukomana uyu haana inzwi.”

Cesare Pinza akabva asimbirira pabvunzo nemumwe mudzidzisi muBologna - Ruzza. Panguva ino, mhedzisiro yekuongorora yakawedzera kugutsa, uye Ruzza akatanga makirasi neEzio. Pasina kurega kuveza, Pinza akakurumidza kuwana mibairo yakanaka muunyanzvi hwezwi. Uyezve, mushure meRuzza, nekuda kwechirwere chinopfuurira, haana kukwanisa kuramba achimudzidzisa, Ezio akawana nyasha dzaVezzani. Haana kana kunzwisisa kuti muimbi wechidiki akauya kwaari akamborambwa naye. Mushure mekunge Pinza aimba rwiyo rwe opera "Simon Boccanegra" naVerdi, mudzidzisi anoremekedzwa haana kusvetuka pakurumbidza. Haana kungobvuma kugamuchira Ezio pakati pevadzidzi vake, asi akamukurudzirawo kuBologna Conservatory. Uyezve, sezvo muimbi wemangwana akanga asina mari yekubhadhara zvidzidzo zvake, Vezzani akabvuma kumubhadhara "stipend" kubva pamari yake.

Pamakumi maviri nemaviri, Pinza anova soloist ane diki opera troupe. Anoita dhipatimendi rake seOroveso ("Norma" Bellini), chinzvimbo chine mutoro, pachikuva muSancino, padyo neMilan. Awana kubudirira, Ezio anomugadzirisa muPrato ("Ernani" naVerdi uye "Manon Lescaut" naPuccini), Bologna ("La Sonnambula" naBellini), Ravenna ("Favorite" naDonizetti).

Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakavhiringidza kukurumidza kusimuka kwemuimbi wechidiki - anopedza makore mana muuto.

Pashure pokunge hondo yapera ndipo Pinza akadzokera pakuimba. Muna 1919, mutungamiriri weRome Opera anogamuchira muimbi sechikamu cheboka remitambo. Uye kunyangwe Pinza achinyanya kutamba mabasa echipiri, anoratidzawo tarenda rakatanhamara mavari. Izvi hazvina kuenda zvisina kucherechedzwa nemufambisi akakurumbira Tullio Serafin, akakoka Pinza kuTurin Opera House. Mushure mekuimba akati wandei epakati bass pano, muimbi anofunga kurova "main citadel" - "La Scala" yaMilan.

Mutungamiriri mukuru Arturo Toscanini akanga achigadzirira Wagner's Die Meistersinger panguva iyoyo. Conductor akafarira matambiro akaita Pinz chikamu chePogner.

Kuve soloist kuLa Scala, gare gare, pasi pekutungamirwa naToscanini, Pinza akaimba muLucia di Lammermoor, Aida, Tristan naIsolde, Boris Godunov (Pimen) nemamwe maopera. Muna May 1924, Pinza, pamwe chete nevaimbi vakanakisisa veLa Scala, vakaimba pamutambo waBoito Nero, uyo wakaita kuti vanhu vafarire zvikuru munyika dzenziyo.

"Kutamba pamwe chete naToscanini chaive chikoro chechokwadi chehunyanzvi hwepamusoro kune muimbi: vakapa muimbi zvakawanda kuti anzwisise maitiro emabasa akasiyana, kuti awane kubatana kwemimhanzi nemashoko mukuita kwake, akabatsira kugona zvizere chikamu chehunyanzvi. unyanzvi hwekutaura,” anodaro VV Timokhin. Pinza aive pakati pevashoma avo Toscanini akaona zvakakodzera kutaura. Pane imwe nguva, pakudzidzira kwaBoris Godunov, akati nezvePints, uyo akaita basa raPimen: "Pakupedzisira, takawana muimbi anogona kuimba!"

Kwemakore matatu, muimbi akaita pachikuva La Scala. Nenguva isipi Europe neAmerica vakaziva kuti Pinza yaive imwe yemabhesi ane chipo munhoroondo yeItari opera.

Kushanya kwekutanga kunze kwenyika Pinza anopedza muParis, uye muna 1925 muimbi anoimba paColon Theatre muBuenos Aires. Kwapera gore, munaNovember, Pinza achaita debut yake muSpontini's Vestal kuMetropolitan Opera.

Kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri, Pintsa akaramba ari soloist wechigarire weimba yemitambo uye kushongedza kweboka. Asi kwete mumitambo yeopera chete iyo Pinz akayemura vanonyanya kudiwa. Akaitawo zvinobudirira semuimbi ane mukurumbira muUS symphony orchestras.

VV Timokhin anonyora kuti: “Inzwi raPintsa – bhesi repamusoro, rinenge riine hunhu, rakanaka kwazvo, rinochinjika uye rakasimba, rine huwandu hukuru – rakashandira muimbi senzira yakakosha, pamwe chete nekuita zvine hunyanzvi uye zvehasha, kugadzira hupenyu, mifananidzo yechokwadi yechikuva. . Nhumbi dzakapfuma dzenzira dzinoratidza, zvese zviri zviviri inzwi uye zvinoshamisa, muimbi akashandisa nehunhu hwechokwadi. Kunyangwe basa racho raida nzira dzinosuruvarisa, kutsvinya kwecaustic, kureruka kukuru kana kusekesa kusinganzwisisike, aigara achiwana toni chaiyo uye mavara akajeka. Mukududzirwa kwePinza, kunyangwe vamwe vari kure nepakati mavara vakawana kukosha kwakakosha uye zvinoreva. Nyanzvi yaiziva nzira yekuvapa nayo mavara evanhu vapenyu uye naizvozvo nenzira isingadzivisiki yakakwezva kutarisa kwepedyo kwevateereri kune magamba ake, achiratidza mienzaniso inoshamisa yeunyanzvi hwekuzvarwa patsva. Ndosaka kutsoropodza kwehunyanzvi kwe20s uye 30s kwakamudaidza kuti "mudiki Chaliapin."

Pinza aifarira kudzokorora kuti kune marudzi matatu evaimbi veopera: avo vasingatambe pachikuva zvachose, vanogona kungotevedzera uye kutevedzera sampuli dzevamwe vanhu, uye, pakupedzisira, avo vanoedza kunzwisisa uye kuita basa nenzira yavo. . Chekupedzisira chete, maererano naPinza, vanofanirwa kunzi maartist.

Pinz the vocalist, akajairika basso cantante, akakwezvwa nezwi rake rakatsetseka, hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwakanatswa, mazwi anoyevedza uye nenyasha dzakasiyana, izvo zvakaita kuti atevedzerwe mumitambo yaMozart. Panguva imwe cheteyo, inzwi romuimbi wacho raigona kunzwika kuva noushingi uye kuva nechido, nokutaura kukuru. SemuItaly nerudzi, Pince aive padyo neItaly operatic repertoire, asi muimbi akaitawo zvakawanda mumaopera eRussia, Germany neFrance vanyori.

Vagari venguva yacho vakaona Pinz semuimbi ane hunyanzvi hwekuita zvakasiyana-siyana: repertoire yake yaisanganisira anopfuura makumi masere ekuimba. Mabasa ake akanakisisa anozivikanwa saDon Juan, Figaro ( "Muchato weFigaro"), Boris Godunov uye Mephistopheles ( "Faust").

Muchikamu cheFigaro, Pinza akakwanisa kuendesa runako rwemimhanzi yaMozart. Figaro yake yakareruka uye inofara, ine hungwaru uye ine hunyanzvi, inosiyaniswa nekutendeseka kwemanzwiro uye tariro isingadzoreki.

Nekubudirira kwakanyanya, akaita muma opera "Don Giovanni" uye "Muchato weFigaro" akaitiswa naBruno Walter panguva yeMutambo weMozart wakakurumbira (1937) munyika yemunyori - muSalzburg. Kubva ipapo, muimbi wese ari mumabasa aDon Giovanni naFigaro ave achifananidzwa nePinza.

Muimbi aigara achibata kuita kwaBoris Godunov nebasa guru. Kare muna 1925, muMantua, Pinza akaimba chikamu cheBoris kekutanga. Asi akakwanisa kudzidza zvose zvakavanzika zvezvisikwa zvakanakisa zveMussorgsky nekutora chikamu mune zvigadzirwa zveBoris Godunov paMetropolitan (panzvimbo yePimen) pamwe chete neChaliapin mukuru.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Fedor Ivanovich akabata mumwe wake wokuItaly zvakanaka. Pashure pokumwe kutamba, akambundira Pinza zvakasimba ndokuti: “Ndinoda zvikuru Pimen wako, Ezio.” Chaliapin haana kuziva ipapo kuti Pinza aizova mugari wenhaka yake yepakutanga. Muchirimo cha1929, Fedor Ivanovich akasiya Metropolitan, uye kuratidzwa kwaBoris Godunov kwakamira. Makore gumi chete gare gare basa racho rakatangazve, uye Pinza akaita basa guru mairi.

"Mukushanda pamufananidzo, akanyatsoongorora zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo yeRussia kubva panguva yekutonga kwaGodunov, biography yemunyori, pamwe chete nechokwadi chese chine chekuita nekusikwa kwebasa racho. Dudziro yemuimbi uyu yakanga isiri yerudzi rwehukuru hwekududzira kwaChaliapin - mukuita kwemuimbi, kuimba uye kupfava zvaive kumberi. Zvakangodaro, vatsoropodzi vaiona basa raTsar Boris sekubudirira kukuru kwePinza, uye muchikamu ichi akabudirira zvakanyanya, "anonyora VV Timokhin.

Hondo Yenyika II isati yasvika, Pinza akaita zvikuru paChicago neSan Francisco opera dzimba, akashanyira England, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, uye muna 1936 akashanyira Australia.

Pashure pehondo, muna 1947, akaimba kwenguva pfupi nemwanasikana wake Claudia, muridzi werwiyo rwerwiyo rwesoprano. Mumwaka wa1947/48, anoimba kekupedzisira kuMetropolitan. Muna Chivabvu 1948, nekuita kwaDon Juan muguta reAmerica reCleveland, akaonekana kunhandare yeopera.

Nekudaro, makonzati emuimbi, wake redhiyo uye terevhizheni mitambo ichiri kubudirira kunoshamisa. Pinza akakwanisa kuita zvisingaite kusvika zvino - kuunganidza vanhu zviuru makumi maviri nezvinomwe manheru mamwe paNew York yekunze nhanho "Lewison Stage"!

Kubva 1949, Pinza anga achiimba muoperettas (Southern Ocean naRichard Rogers naOscar Hammerstein, Fanny naHarold Rome), achiita mumafirimu (Mr. Imperium (1950), Carnegie Hall (1951), Manheru ano tinoimba” (1951) .

Nekuda kwechirwere chemoyo, muimbi akasiya kuita zveveruzhinji muzhizha ra1956.

Pinza akafa musi wa9 Chivabvu 1957 muStamford (USA).