Zurab Andzshaparidze |

Zurab Andzshaparidze

Zita remukurumbira wekuGeorgia Tenor Zurab Anjaparidze rakanyorwa nemavara egoridhe munhoroondo yeNational musical theatre. Zvinosuruvarisa, isu tiri kupemberera zuva rekuyeukwa kwemazuva ano tenzi akakurumbira, mumwe wevakanakisisa veGermany naRadames veSoviet opera scene, pasina iye - makore matanhatu apfuura, muiti akakurumbira akafa. Asi chiyeuchidzo che "Soviet Franco Corelli" (sezvo pepanhau reItaly rakamudana panguva yake) richiri kurarama nanhasi - muzvinyorwa zvevaaishanda navo, vanofarira vanoyemura tarenda, mune zvinyorwa zvekuteerera zveRussia, Italy neGeorgian operas.

Uchitarisa pamusoro pekuguma kweuyu munhu akakurumbira, unoshamisika kuti akakwanisa sei kuita mune yake, chaizvoizvo, kwete kwenguva refu yezana remakore, uye iwe unonzwisisa kuti akashanda sei, ane simba uye ane chinangwa. Uye panguva imwecheteyo, iwe unoona kuti panogona kunge kune dzimwe stellar premieres, nzendo, misangano inofadza muupenyu hwake, kana kwete nokuda kwegodo uye hutsinye hwevanhu, izvo zvinosuruvarisa zvakasangana munzira yake kanopfuura kamwe. Anjaparidze, kune rumwe rutivi, aidada uye aishingaira nenzira yeCaucasian - zvichida nokuti ma heroes ake akanga akatendeseka uye aifadza, uye panguva imwe chete iye pachake akanga asina kunaka: akanga asingazivi kusarudza vatengesi mumahofisi makuru, iye. yakanga isina "kungwara" zvakakwana - "kupikisana neanova shamwari" munhandare… Uye, zvisinei, chokwadi, basa remuimbi renyeredzi rakaitika, rakaitika kunyangwe zvese nemanomano - nerudyi, nekukodzera.

Zvizhinji zvemabasa ake ekusika akabatana neGeorgia yake yekuzvarwa, yekuvandudza tsika yemimhanzi yaakakwanisa kuita zvakawanda. Zvisinei, pasina mubvunzo, iyo yainyanya kushamisa, inobereka uye yakakosha kune muimbi pachake, uye nokuda kwetsika yemimhanzi yenyika yedu yaimbova huru, yaiva nguva yebasa rake muMoscow, paBolshoi Theater yeU.SR.

Mumwe chizvarwa cheKutaisi uye akapedza kudzidza kuTbilisi Conservatory (kirasi yaDavid Andguladze, mudzidzisi ane mukurumbira, uye munguva yakapfuura mutungamiri mukuru weTbilisi Opera) akauya kuzokunda guta guru reSoviet Union, aine mukwende wake, mukuwedzera. kune inzwi rakanaka uye dzidzo yakasimba yezwi, nguva nomwe pachikuva cheTbilisi Opera House, apo panguva ino Anjaparidze akawana mukana wekuimba zvikamu zvakawanda zvinotungamirira tenor. Yakanga iri hwaro hwakanaka chaizvo, nekuti Tbilisi Opera panguva iyoyo yaive imwe yeakanakisa dzimba shanu dzeOpera muUSSR, vatenzi vakakurumbira vakaimba kwenguva refu pachikuva. Muzhinji, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti opera muTbilisi, muGeorgia, yakawana ivhu rakaorera - ichi chigadzirwa cheItaly chakadzika midzi muvhu reGeorgia kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, kuvonga, kutanga, kutsika dzakadzika dzekuimba dzakavapo mukati. nyika kubva kare kare, uye chechipiri, mabasa eItaly neRussia makambani eopera ega ega uye vatambi vega vega vakakurudzira mimhanzi yekare muTranscaucasus.

Yekutanga theatre munyika mukupera kwemakumi mashanu yaive ichida zvakanyanya matenors ezvinoshamisa uye mezzo-hunhu mabasa. Pakarepo mushure mehondo, Nikolai Ozerov, muturikiri akajeka wenziyo uye inoshamisa repertoire, akasiya chikuva. Muna 1954, mutambi wenguva refu wezvikamu zveropa zvakanyanya, Nikandr Khanaev, akaimba Herman kekupedzisira. Muna 1957, Georgy Nelepp akakurumbira akafa kamwe kamwe, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ari muhukuru hwemasimba ake ekusika uye akakwevera mugove weshumba weimba yemitambo. Uye kunyange zvazvo boka reTenor raisanganisira vatenzi vakadai se, semuenzaniso, Grigory Bolshakov kana Vladimir Ivanovsky, pasina mubvunzo yaida kusimbiswa.

Achisvika kunhandare muna 1959, Anjaparidze akaramba ari "nhamba yekutanga" muBolshoi kusvikira abva muna 1970. Inzwi rakanaka risina kujairika, chitarisiko chakajeka chechitarisiko, kutsamwa kunopisa - zvose izvi pakarepo hazvina kungomusimudzira kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo. kutanga, asi akamuita iye oga uye inimitable mutongi tenor Olympus. Akaunzwa nechido nevatungamiriri vemitambo yemitambo yakakosha uye inodiwa kune chero muimbi - Carmen, Aida, Rigoletto, La Traviata, Boris Godunov, Iolanthe. Akatora chikamu mumitambo yakakosha yemitambo yemakore iwayo, akadai saFaust, Don Carlos kana The Queen of Spades. Shamwari dzake dzenguva dzose pamusangano weMoscow ndivo vaimbi vakuru veRussia, saka zvakare vachangotanga mabasa avo evezera rake - Irina Arkhipov, Galina Vishnevskaya, Tamara Milashkina. Sezvinokodzera muimbi wechinzvimbo chekutanga (kuti izvi zvakanaka here kana kuti zvakaipa mubvunzo mukuru, asi imwe nzira kana imwe tsika yakadaro iripo munyika dzakawanda), Anjaparidze akaimba zvikuru maopera emhando yeItaly neRussian repertoire - ndiko kuti, the inonyanya kufarirwa, hofisi yebhokisi inoshanda. Nekudaro, zvinoita sekunge sarudzo yakadaro yakaitwa kwete zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutora mukana uye kwete nekuda kwemamiriro aivepo. Anjaparidze aive akanakisa pamagamba erudo - akatendeseka, ane shungu. Mukuwedzera, iyo "Italian" nzira yekuimba pachayo, izwi rechinyakare mupfungwa yakanakisa yeshoko, rakafanosarudzira iyi repertoire yemuimbi. Iyo yepamusoro yerepertoire yake yeItaly yakazivikanwa nenzira kwayo nevakawanda saRadamès kubva kuVerdi's Aida. “Izwi remuimbi rinoyerera zvakasununguka uye zvine simba, zvose ari oga uye muzvikwata zvakatambanudzwa. Yakanakisa data yekunze, runako, hurume, kutendeseka kwemanzwiro ndiyo yakanakisa kuenderana nechimiro chechimiro chechimiro, "mitsetse yakadai inogona kuverengerwa muongororo yemakore iwayo. Hongu, Moscow haisati yamboona Radames akajeka zvakadaro pamberi kana mushure meAnjaparidze. Inzwi rake rechirume rine ruzha, rine ropa rakazara, rinodedera repamusoro rerejista, zvisinei, raive neruzha rwakawanda muruzha rwaro, zvichibvumira muimbi kugadzira mufananidzo wakawanda, akashandisa zvakanyanya pendi yemavara ezwi kubva munhetembo yakapfava kuenda kune yakapfuma dhirama. . Wedzera kune chokwadi chokuti muimbi wacho aingova akanaka, aiva nechitarisiko chekumaodzanyemba chinopenya, chainyatsokodzera mufananidzo wemuEgipita anoshingaira murudo. Radames akakwana akadaro, hongu, akanyatsokodzera mukugadzirwa kukuru kweBolshoi Theatre muna 1951, iyo yaive padanho rayo kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu (yekupedzisira kuita kwakaitika muna 1983) uye iyo vazhinji vanofunga kuti ndeimwe yeakanakisa. inoshanda munhoroondo yeMoscow Opera.

Asi basa rinokosha zvikuru reAnjaparidze munguva yeMoscow, iro rakamuita kuti azivikanwe pasi rose, raiva chikamu chaHerman kubva kuThe Queen of Spades. Pakanga pari mushure mekuridza opera iyi panguva yekushanya kweBolshoi Theatre kuLa Scala muna 1964 apo vezvenhau vekuItaly vakanyora kuti: "Zurab Anjaparidze yaive yakawanikwa yeruzhinji rweMilanese. Uyu muimbi ane simba, sonorous uye kunyange izwi, anokwanisa kupa zvisingaite kune vaimbi vanoremekedzwa zvikuru veItaly opera scene. Chii chakamukwezva zvakanyanya mukududzira kwake gamba rakakurumbira rePushkin naTchaikovsky, kutaura zvazviri, kure kure nemafambiro erudo eOpera yeItaly, apo chinyorwa chega chega, mutsara wega wega wemimhanzi unofema Dostoevsky's eerie realism? Zvingaita sekuti gamba reurongwa hwakadaro rinongopesana ne "Italian" tenor Anjaparidze, uye mutauro wechiRussia wemuimbi, kutaura chokwadi, hauna kukanganisa. uye akangwara chiGerman, Andzhaparidze akapa gamba iri nechido cheItaly uye rudo. Zvakanga zvisina kujairika kuti vanoda mimhanzi vanzwe muchikamu ichi kwete izwi chairo rechiRussia, asi reumbozha "Italian" tenor - nzeve inopisa uye inonakidza kumunhu wese, zvisinei nezvaanoimba. Asi nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, isu, vanoziva kududzirwa kwakanakisisa kwechikamu ichi muRussia nekune dzimwe nyika, tinoramba tichinetseka pamusoro pekuita uku makore gare gare. Zvichida nokuti Anjaparidze akakwanisa kuita gamba rake, kuwedzera kune mamwe mabhenefiti, kwete bhuku, asi munhu mupenyu chaiye, chaiye. Iwe haumboregi kushamiswa nekupwanya kuyerera kwesimba rinopisa kubva kune vinyl rekodhi (yakanyorwa naB. Khaikin) kana rwiyo rwemufirimu we1960 (inotungamirirwa naR. Tikhomirov). Vanotaura kuti Placido Domingo munguva pfupi yapfuura, mukupera kwema1990, pazano raSergei Leiferkus, akaita Herman wake kubva kune imwecheteyo, firimu rekare, apo hero yemimhanzi Anjaparidze "yakamutswa" neasingaenzaniswi Oleg Strizhenov (iyo nyaya isingawanzoitiki. pakubereka mufirimu - opera yemuimbi uye mutambi anoshamisa haana kukuvadza dramaturgy yebasa, iyo, sezviri pachena, yakakanganisa unyanzvi hwevatambi vose vaviri). Zvinoita sekuti uyu muenzaniso wakanaka, uye mukuru weSpain akakwanisa kuonga zvinoshamisa, zverudzi rwechiGeorgian tenor Herman.

Kubva kwaAnjaparidze kubva kuBolshoi kwakakurumidza. Muna 1970, panguva yekushanya kweParis kuParis, pakurudziro yevakashata vemuimbi - avo vaaishanda navo muboka, mazano anogumbura akabuda mumapepanhau echiFrench ekuti kutaridzika kwemutambi kwaisaenderana nemifananidzo yevadiki magamba erudo aaive nawo. stage. Mukurongeka, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti dambudziko rehuremu hwakanyanya raivepo, asi inozivikanwa zvakare kuti izvi hazvina kukanganisa maonero evateereri vemufananidzo uyo muimbi anogona kugadzira pachikuva, mufananidzo wakadaro uyo kunyangwe kunyangwe Anjaparidze akanga ari epurasitiki zvinoshamisa, uye vanhu vashoma vakaona mamwe mapaundi ake. Zvakangodaro, kune anozvikudza wekuGeorgia, kusaremekedza kwakadaro kwaive kwakakwana kusiya kambani inotungamira yeSoviet opera pasina kuzvidemba uye kudzokera kumba kuTbilisi. Anenge makore makumi matatu apfuura kubva kune izvo zviitiko kusvika pakufa kwemugadziri airatidza kuti vese Anjaparidze naBolshoy vakarasikirwa kubva mukupokana uku. Muchokwadi, gore ra1970 rakapedza basa pfupi repasi rose remuimbi, iro rakanga ratanga zvakanakisa. Imba yemitambo yakarasikirwa neakanakisa tenor, munhu anoshanda, ane simba, asina hanya nematambudziko evamwe vanhu uye mafambiro. Haisi chakavanzika kuti vaimbi vechiGeorgian vakazoimba pachikuva cheBolshoi vakagamuchira "kutanga muhupenyu" kubva kuna Anjaparidze - Makvala Kasrashvili, Zurab Sotkilava, uye iye zvino "Italian" mutungamiriri weBolshoi Badri Maisuradze.

Munyika yake, Anjaparidze akaimba zvikuru paTbilisi Opera ine repertoire yakasiyana-siyana, achiteerera zvakanyanya kumitambo yenyika - Absalom naEteri waPaliashvili, Latavra, Mindia yaTaktakishvili nevamwe. Sekureva kwemwanasikana wake, mutambi wepiyano ane mukurumbira Eteri Anjaparidze, "nzvimbo yekutonga haina kumukwezva, sezvo vese vaive pasi vaive shamwari dzake, uye zvaimunyadzisa" kutungamirira "pakati peshamwari dzake." Anjaparidze aiitawo basa rekudzidzisa - kutanga sapurofesa paTbilisi Conservatory, uye akazotungamira Dhipatimendi reMumhanzi Theatre kuTheatre Institute.

Kuyeuka kwaZurab Anjaparidze kuri kukudzwa munyika yemuimbi. Pagore rechishanu rekufa kwemuimbi, bhuronzi rakaputika nemuvezi Otar Parulava rakamiswa paguva rake munzvimbo yeTbilisi Opera House, pedyo nemakuva ezvimwe zviedza zviviri zvemumhanzi weGeorgian opera, Zakharia Paliashvili naVano Sarajishvili. Makore mashoma apfuura, nheyo yakatumidzwa zita rake yakatangwa, inotungamirwa nechirikadzi yemuimbi Manana. Nhasi isu muRussia tiri kurangarirawo muimbi mukuru, uyo ane mupiro wakakura kune ese ari maviri echiGeorgian neRussia mimhanzi tsika haisati yanyatsokosheswa.

A. Matusevich, 2003 (operanews.ru)