Eugene Ormandy |

Eugene Ormandy

American conductor of Hungarian mavambo. Zita remuitisi uyu rakabatana zvisingaite nenhoroondo yeimwe yakanakisa symphony orchestras munyika - Philadelphia. Kweanopfuura makumi matatu emakore, Ormandy anga ari mukuru weiyi boka, nyaya inenge isati yamboitika mukuita kwehunyanzvi hwepasirese. Mukutaurirana kwepedyo kwekusika ne orchestra iyi, muchidimbu, tarenda remutungamiri rakaumbwa uye rakakura, mufananidzo wekugadzira uyo usingafungidziki kunze kwevaFiladelphia kunyange nhasi. Zvisinei, zvakanaka kuyeuka kuti Ormandy, kufanana nevakawanda veAmerican conductors vezera rake, vakabva kuEurope. Akazvarwa uye akakurira muBudapest; Pano, pazera remakore mashanu, akapinda muRoyal Academy of Music uye pazera remakore mapfumbamwe akatanga kupa makonzati seviolinist, panguva imwe chete achidzidza naYene Hubai. Uye zvakadaro, Ormandy aiva, zvichida, zvichida wokutanga mukuru kondakita basa rakatanga muUnited States. Nezve kuti izvi zvakaitika sei, conductor pachake anoti zvinotevera:

“Ndaiva shasha yokuridza violin uye ndakapa makonzati akawanda pashure pokupedza kudzidza paRoyal Academy muBudapest (murwiyo, poindi, piyano). MuVienna, imwe nyanzvi yokuAmerica yakandinzwa uye yakandikoka kuNew York. Makanga muri muna December 1921. Ndakazongoziva gare gare kuti akanga asiri impresario zvachose, asi kwakanga kwanyanyononoka—ndaiva muNew York. Mamaneja makuru ese akanditeerera, munhu wese akabvuma kuti ndaiva shasha yekuridza violin, asi ndaida kushambadza uye kanenge konzati imwe paCarnegie Hall. Zvose izvi zvaidhura mari, yandakanga ndisina, saka ndakapinda muTheatre Symphony Orchestra yekoni yekupedzisira, yandakagara kwemazuva mashanu. Mazuva mashanu gare gare, mufaro wakanyemwerera kwandiri: vakandiita muperekedzi! Mwedzi misere yakapfuura, uye rimwe zuva kondakita, asingazivi kana ndaigona kuitisa zvachose, akandiudza kupfurikidza nomurindiri kuti ndaifanira kuitisa konzati inotevera. Uye ndakaitisa, zvakare, pasina chibodzwa… Takaita Tchaikovsky's Fourth Symphony. Ndakabva ndagadzwa kondakita wechina. Ndokutanga basa rangu rekuitisa. "

Makore mashoma aitevera aive eOrmandy makore ekuvandudza mundima itsva kwaari. Akaenda kumakonzati eNew York Philharmonic Orchestra, apo Mengelberg, Toscanini, Furtwängler, Klemperer, Klaiber nevamwe vanatenzi vane mukurumbira panguva iyoyo vakanga vakamira. Zvishoma nezvishoma, muimbi wechidiki akasimuka kusvika pachinzvimbo chechipiri kondakita weorchestra, uye muna 1926 akazova mutungamiriri wenyanzvi weRadio Orchestra, uye boka rine mwero. Muna 1931, chiitiko chinofadza chakamubatsira kukwezva kutarisa: Arturo Toscanini aisakwanisa kubva kuEurope kumakwikwi nePhiladelphia Orchestra, uye mushure mekutsvaga kusina maturo kwekutsiva, vatungamiri vakatora njodzi yekukoka Ormandy wechidiki. Kurira kwacho kwakapfuura zvese zvaitarisirwa, uye akabva angopihwa chinzvimbo chemukuru wekondakita muMinneapolis. Ormandy akashanda ikoko kwemakore mashanu, achiva mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa conductor vechizvarwa chitsva. Uye muna 1936, apo Stokowski akasiya Philadelphia Orchestra, hapana akashamisika kuti Ormandy akazova mutsivi wake. Rachmaninov naKreisler vakamukurudzira kuti ave nechinzvimbo chakadaro.

Mumakumi emakore ake ekushanda nePhiladelphia Orchestra, Ormandy akawana mukurumbira wakakura pasi rese. Izvi zvakafambiswa nekushanya kwake kwakawanda mumakondinendi akasiyana, uye repertoire isina muganhu, uye kukwana kwechikwata chinotungamirwa naye, uye, pakupedzisira, kushamwaridzana kunobatanidza mutyairi nevakawanda vakatanhamara vaimbi venguva yedu. Ormandy akachengeta hukama hwepedyo uye hwekugadzira hukama nemukuru Rachmaninoff, uyo akadzokorora kuita naye uye orchestra yake. Ormandy aive mutambi wekutanga weRachmaninov's Third Symphony uye yake Symphonic Dances, yakatsaurirwa nemunyori kuPhiladelphia Orchestra. Ormandy akadzokorora kuita neveSoviet artists vakashanyira United States mumakore achangopfuura - E. Gilels, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh, M. Rostropovich, L. Kogan nevamwe. Muna 1956, Ormandy, ari pamusoro Philadelphia Orchestra, akafamba Moscow, Leningrad uye Kyiv. Muzvirongwa zvakakura uye zvakasiyana-siyana, unyanzvi hwomuitisi hwakaratidzwa zvizere. Achimurondedzera, shamwari yaOrmandy yeSoviet L. Ginzburg akanyora, kuti: “Muimbi akadzidza zvikuru, Ormandy anoorora nounyanzvi hwake hunoshamisa, zvikurukuru kuyeuka. Zvirongwa zvishanu zvakakura uye zvakaoma, kusanganisirawo mabasa akaomarara emazuva ano, akazviita kubva mundangariro, achiratidza ruzivo rwemahara uye rwakadzama rwezvibodzwa. Mumazuva makumi matatu ekugara kwake muSoviet Union, Ormandy akaita makonzati gumi nemaviri - muenzaniso wekuzvidzora kusingawanzo hunyanzvi ... Ormandy haana charm yakataurwa. Mafambiro ake akanyanya kufanana nebhizimisi; anenge asina basa nedivi rekunze, rinoshamisira, pfungwa dzake dzese dzinotorwa nekusangana nevaimbi nenziyo dzaanoridza. Chinokwezva ngwariro ndehurefu hukuru hwepurogiramu yake kupfuura yatakajaira. Kondakita anosanganisa neushingi mabasa ezvitaera zvakasiyana uye eras: Beethoven naShostakovich, Haydn naProkofiev, Brahms naDebussy, R. Strauss naBeethoven…

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969