Marian Anderson |

Marian Anderson

Iyo contralto yeAfrican-American Marian Anderson inonakidza nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana. Mariri, pamwe chete neunyanzvi hwezwi hunoshamisa uye mumhanzi unoyevedza, mune hukuru hunoshamisa hwemukati, kupinza, kuimba kwakanyanya uye hupfumi hwetimbre. Kuzvibata kwake kubva kumakakatanwa enyika uye kusavapo zvachose kwenarcissism kunogadzira fungidziro yerumwe rudzi rwenyasha dzaMwari 'dzichiyerera kunze'. Rusununguko rwemukati uye zvisikwa zvekubudisa inzwi kunoshamisawo. Kunyangwe iwe uchiteerera kuita kwaAnderson kweBach naHandel kana Negro zvemweya, mamiriro ekufungisisa emashiripiti anobva asimuka, ayo asina analogues ...

Marian Anderson akaberekerwa mune imwe yenzvimbo dzine mavara dzePhiladelphia, akafirwa nababa vake aine makore gumi nemaviri, uye akarerwa naamai vake. Kubvira achiri muduku, akaratidza mano okuimba. Musikana uyu akaimba mukwaya yechechi yeimwe chechi yeBaptist muPhiladelphia. Anderson anotaura zvakadzama nezvehupenyu hwake hwakaoma uye kuimba 'mayunivhesiti' mubhuku rake rehupenyu hwehupenyu 'Lord, what a morning' (12, New York), zvidimbu zvaro zvakadhindwa muna 1956 munyika yedu (Sat. 'Performing Arts of Foreign Countries. ', M., 1965).

Mushure mekudzidza nemudzidzisi akakurumbira Giuseppe Bogetti (J. Pierce pakati pevadzidzi vake), uye zvakare mumutauro wezwi F. La Forge (uyo akadzidzisa M. Talley, L. Tibbett nevamwe vaimbi vakakurumbira), Anderson akaita dambarefu rake pamutambo. nhandare yekonzati muna 1925, zvisinei, pasina kubudirira kukuru. Mushure mokukunda makwikwi ekuimba akarongwa neNew York Philharmonic, National Association of Negro Musicians inopa mutambi wechidiki mukana wekuenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake muEngland, uko tarenda rake rakaonekwa nemukurumbira Henry Wood. Muna 1929, Anderson akaita debut yake paCarnegie Hall. Zvisinei, rusaruraganda rwakadzivisa muimbi wacho kuwana kuzivikanwa kwepasi rose kwevakuru veAmerica. Anoenda zvakare kuNyika Yakare. Muna 1930, rwendo rwake rworukundo rweEurope rwakatanga muBerlin. Marian anoenderera mberi nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwake, anotora zvidzidzo zvakati wandei kubva kumuimbi ane mukurumbira weMahler Madame Charles Caille. Muna 1935, Anderson akapa konzati paSalzburg Festival. Ikoko ndiko uko hunyanzvi hwake hwakafadza Toscanini. Muna 1934-35. anoshanyira USSR.

Muna 1935, pakatanga Arthur Rubinstein, musangano unokosha pakati Marian Anderson uye Impresario mukuru, chizvarwa cheRussia, Saul Yurok (zita chairo rechizvarwa cheBryansk Solomon Gurkov) unoitika muParis. Akakwanisa kuita gomba mumafungiro evaAmerica, achishandisa Lincoln Memorial yeizvi. Pana April 9, 1939, vanhu 75 vaiva pamasitepisi e<em>marble eChirangaridzo vakateerera kuimba kwomuimbi mukuru, uyo akava chiratidzo chokurwira kuenzana kwemarudzi. Kubva ipapo, Vatungamiri veUS Roosevelt, Eisenhower, uye gare gare Kennedy vakaremekedzwa kugamuchira Marian Anderson. Basa rakanakisa rekonzati remuimbi, iro repertoire raisanganisira kuimba-zviridzwa uye kamuri mabasa naBach, Handel, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Mahler, Sibelius, anoshanda naGershwin nevamwe vazhinji, yakapera muna Kubvumbi 000, 18 paCarnegie Hall. Muimbi mukuru akafa muna Kubvumbi 1965, 8 muPortland.

Kamwe chete muhupenyu hwake hwese kwakaita akanakisa Negro diva akatendeukira kumhando ye opera. Muna 1955, akava mukadzi wechitema wekutanga kuita paMetropolitan Opera. Izvi zvakaitika mumakore ekutungamira kweRudolf Bing akakurumbira. Heino nzira yaanotsanangura nayo chokwadi ichi chinokosha:

'Kuonekwa kwaMai Anderson - muimbi wekutanga mutema munhoroondo yemitambo yemitambo, mutambi wemapato makuru, panhandare 'Metropolitan' - iyi ndiyo imwe yenguva mumitambo yangu yemitambo, yandinonyanya kudada nayo. . Ndanga ndichida kuita izvi kubva gore rangu rekutanga paMet, asi kusvika muna 1954 takava nechikamu chakakodzera - Ulrika muUn ballo mumaschera - yaida chiito chidiki uye nekudaro kudzokorora kushoma, izvo zvakakosha kune muimbi. . , chiitiko chekonzati chakabatikana zvikuru, uye nokuda kwechikamu ichi chakanga chisinganyanyi kukosha zvokuti inzwi romuimbi wacho rakanga risisipo.

Uye nezvose izvi, kukokwa kwake kwakagoneka chete nekuda kwemukana werombo rakanaka: pane imwe yemabiko akarongwa naSaul Yurok kubheti 'Sadler's Wells', ndakagara pedyo naye. Takabva tangokurukura nezvenyaya yake, uye zvinhu zvose zvakarongwa mukati memazuva mashoma. Dare reVatarisiri reMetropolitan Opera rakanga risiri pakati pemasangano mazhinji akatumira makorokoto pakabuda nhau…'. Musi wa9 Gumiguru, 1954, The New York Times inozivisa vaverengi nezvekusainwa kwechibvumirano chemitambo naAnderson.

Uye musi waNdira 7, 1955, nhoroondo yekutanga yeAmerican diva yakaitika munhandare huru yeUnited States. Chiverengero chevaimbi veopera vakatanhamara vakapinda muchikamu chekutanga: Richard Tucker (Richard), Zinka Milanova (Amelia), Leonard Warren (Renato), Roberta Peters (Oscar). Kuseri kwechigadziko chomuitisi kwaiva nomumwe wevaitisi vakurusa vomuzana remakore rechi20, Dimitrios Mitropoulos.

E. Tsodokov