Nhoroondo yepiyano mumamiriro ekufambira mberi kwenyika

Wakambofunga here nezve nzira iyo munhu, zvinhu zvemazuva ese zvakatikomberedza muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvinofanira kufamba? Somuenzaniso, chii piano nhoroondo?

Kana iwe usina kumbofunga nezvazvo kana iwe uchingofinhikana nenyaya yacho, ipapo ini ndinokuyambira iwe kuti usaiverenge: hongu, pachava nemazuva uye pachava nezvakawanda chokwadi chandichaedza kuita, kuti. simba rangu rakanakisisa, risina kuoma sezvakaita vadzidzisi vavo kuchikoro.

Piano like Chibayiro mhedzisiro yekufambira mberi

Kufambira mberi hakumire uye, kana maziso egogi uye akakura, vatariri vemazuva ano uye terevhizheni vanoita kuti madzimai anogara ari pazvokudya aite godo nekuonda kwavo; nharembozha hadzisisiri pese pese newe, asi iye zvino dzava kuwana mahara kuInternet, GPS navigation, makamera uye zviuru zvezvimwe zvigetsi zvisina basa.

Kazhinji, kufambira mberi kune hutsinye hwakanyanya uye nyaya dzemaitiro matsva dzinobatwa nevakatangira sevana vane vabereki vakasiya basa. Asi, sezvavanotaura, kufambira mberi kwese kune madhinosaurs ayo.

Zviridzwa zvekibhodhi zvakauyawo kure kure mukusimudzira, asi zviridzwa zvechinyakare zvakaita sepiyano, piyano hombe, ogani uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvine hukama nazvo hazvina kupa nzira kune synthesizer uye midi kiyibhodhi uye kuenda kuguruva renhoroondo. Uye, ini ndichakuudza chakavanzika, ndine chokwadi kuti izvi hazvizomboitiki.

Piyano yakaberekwa rini uye kupi?

Apo vanhu vanotaura pamusoro payo apo piyano yokutanga yakaoneka, kunodavirwa mugamuchidzanwa kuti Florence (Italy) yakanga iri nzvimbo yayo yakaberekerwa, uye Bartolomeo Cristofori akanga ari muvambi; zuva chairo ndi1709 - raive gore rino iro Scipio Maffei akadana gore rekuonekwa kwepianoforte ("chiridzwa chekhibhodi chinoridza zvinyoro uye zvine ruzha"), uye panguva imwecheteyo akapa zita rekutanga kune chiridzwa, icho chaive. zvakagadzirirwa kwaari zvinenge pasi rose.

Cristofori's invention yakavakirwa pamutumbi we harpsichord (rangarira kuti mumazuva apo maikorofoni yakanga isipo, vhoriyamu yepakutanga yechiridzwa chaive chakanyanya kukosha) uye kiibhodhi nzira yakafanana neiyo clavichord. 

Ini handikurudzire, zvisinei, kubata zuva iri uye zita remugadziri zvakanyanya kuvimba - rangarira nhoroondo yekuonekwa kweredhiyo. Ndiani ane hushingi hwekudoma ane chokwadi chakakwana muvambi wayo? Uye kune vanopfuura vakakwana vakwikwidzi venzvimbo ino yerukudzo: Popov, Markel, Tesla.

Mamiriro acho akafanana nekugadzirwa kwepiyano - kwaisava kuwanikwa kwakangoerekana kwaitika - muItaly akangowana bazi rekuremekedza remakwikwi, asi kana, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, chimwe chinhu chakaitika kwaari, ipapo muFrench Jean Marius aizogadzira yakadaro. piano chiridzwa chakafanana naye uye weGerman Gottlieb Schroeder.

Ngative vakatendeseka zvakakwana pachedu uye nenhoroondo yevanhu - ini pachangu ndinofunga kuti masayendisiti ese aya innovators. Sei? Zvese ndezvekutanga. Kana tikadzokera kunhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwepiyano, chiridzwa ichi hachina kuonekwa kamwe chete.

Shanduro yekutanga, yakagadzirwa naCristofori, yakanga iri kure nepiyano yatakajaira kuona. Asi chishandiso hachina kumira kushanduka kweanoda kusvika mazana matatu emakore! Uye izvi zvinongobva panguva iyo yakagadzirirwa kuve yakajairika kutarisa kumunhu wemazuva ano, asi kuti asvike padanho iri, mazana emakore ekufambira mberi kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi aifanira kupfuura.

Pane imwe dzidziso inonakidza yekuonekwa kwevaimbi vekutanga chaiko. Vavhimiwo zvavo vakava vaimbi vekare, avo vakaerekana vaona kuti maturusi akajairika ekuvhima anogona kugadzira ruzha.

Saka tambo yeuta ndiyo, chokwadi, tambo yekutanga munyika! Asi chiridzwa chaicho, chekutanga chaidaidzwa kuti Pan's nyere - inotora mabviro ayo kubva pachombo chekare - pombi inopfira.

Iyo Pan nyere ndiye tateguru wechiridzwa chakadai seorgan, icho chiridzwa chaive chekutanga kiibhodhi chiridzwa (chakaonekwa kuma 250 BC muAlexandria yeku Egypt). 

Uye kana pombi yekupfira iri "sekuru-sekuru" wepiyano, saka "mbuya-mbuya" ndiyo uta hwatotaurwa pamusoro apa. Ruzha rwerwonzi rwaidhonzwa nemuseve rwakakurudzira vavhimi vekare kuti vagadzire chiridzwa chekutanga chakabvutwa chine tambo - rudimbwa.

Chiridzwa ichi ndechechinyakare zvekuti chaizivikanwa nguva dzekare dzisati dzavapo; yakatotaurwa muBhuku rebhaibheri raGenesi. Mapazi mazhinji akatevera kubva murudimbwa uye, pakupedzisira, yakapesvedzera kuvandudzwa kwezviridzwa zvese zvemimhanzi, kurira kwacho kunobva patambo: gitare, violin, harpsichord, clavichord uye, chokwadi, mutambi wedu mukuru, piyano.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha munhoroondo yepiyano, kunze kwetambo, sezvaungave wafungidzira pari zvino, ndiwo makiyi. Inosvika kukhibhodi yemazuva ano inoteedzera nhoroondo yayo kubva kuEurope yekare kubva muzana ramakore reXIII.

Yakanga iri nguva yekutanga kuvakwa kwemakiyi akafanana nemaziso edu neminwe, iyo inozivikanwa nemaziso edu neminwe, yakaona chiedza - 7 chena uye 5 dema mune octave, muhuwandu hwe88 makiyi.

Asi kuti ugadzire kiibhodhi yerudzi urwu, nzira yakanga isina kupfupika kupfuura kubva kune rudimbwa kuenda kune harpsichord. Vaimbi vakawanda, vane mazita akanyangarika nokusingaperi mumazera, vakanetseka kuti vanzwisise kuti chimiro chayo chinofanira kuva chei.

Ipapo pakanga pasina makiyi matema zvachose uye, maererano, vatambi vacho havana kuwana mukana wekutamba semitones, iyo, kutaura zvishoma, yakanga isina kukanganisa. Ngatisakanganwe kuti classical system yezvinyorwa zvinomwe zvakare yakazvarwa mumakakatanwa kwenguva yakareba.

Hapana kumwe kumwe kukudziridza?

Mimhanzi yakaperekedza munhu kubva panguva apo pakanga pasati pave nematunhu, uye yakagadzira muhukama hwepedyo kwete chete nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, asiwo nekuchinja kwakawanda mumaonero enyika.

Piyano yakatora makore anodarika 2000 kuumba chiridzwa chatakajaira kuona nekunzwa.

Uye apo, sezvazvinoratidzika, pasina kumwe kufambira mberi, kufambira mberi kuchatipa zvinoshamisa zvakawanda, usazeza!