Karenda yemimhanzi - Ndira

Vazhinji vanozivikanwa vakazvarwa muna Ndira, mazita avo zvino anozivikanwa kunyange pakati pevanhu vari kure nemimhanzi yekare. Uyu ndiye Mozart akajeka, uye Schubert akacheneswa, uye vamiririri veakakurumbira "Mighty Handful" - Balakirev, Cui, Stasov.

Vagadziri veasingafi opuss

Musi waJanuary 2, 1837, mumwe murume akauya munyika uyo akazarura nguva itsva muRussia musical art - Mili Balakirev. Akamuunganira vaimbi veamateur, asi pasina mubvunzo vechidiki vakangwara vanotsigira nemoyo wese kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwenyika. Pamwe chete vakakwanisa kufema pfungwa itsva, madingindira, Genres mumhanzi Russian. Balakirev aigara achitsigira uye achitungamirira vanhu vake vane pfungwa dzakafanana, akavabata nechido chake, akakurudzira misoro yezvinyorwa, uye akavadzidzisa kuti vasatya mafomu makuru. Imwe yezvaakanakira zvikoro zvemimhanzi zvemahara, uko munhu wese aigona kujoina kugadzira mimhanzi, pasina zvirambidzo zvekirasi.

Musi waJanuary 14, 1824, mumwe murume akauya munyika uyo akanga asiri munyori, asi akazvipira hupenyu hwake hwose kumumhanzi - munyori wenhau dzakaitika, mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi uye shamwari yakazvipira yevanyori vakawanda venguva yake, Vladimir Stasov. Aive ideologist uye aikurudzira iyo inonyanya kukosha mimhanzi kuumbwa kwe2nd hafu yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX - iyo Mighty Handful, zita rayo, rasara munhoroondo, nderake.

Pana Ndira 18, 1835, mumwe mumiriri weMighty Handful, Caesar Cui, akazviratidza kupasi. Nyanzvi yemauto, injinjiniya-mukuru, zvisinei, akatisiira nhaka yemimhanzi yakawanda. Ndiye munyori wemaopera gumi nemana, akanyanya kukosha aive "Angelo" uye "William Ratcliffe". Achiita semutsoropodzi wemimhanzi, Cui aive mumwe wekutanga kusimudzira hunyanzvi hweRussia mumapepanhau ekuMadokero.

Muna 1872, musi waJanuary 6, mumwe munyori akaberekwa uyo akasiya chiratidzo chinooneka pamimhanzi yeRussia - Alexander Scriabin. Hunhu hune chipo chakajeka, muvambi aishuvira kune zvisingazivikanwe "cosmic" mativi, akashingairira zano remumhanzi weruvara ndokuunza bato rechiedza munhetembo yake yakakurumbira "Prometheus".

Ndira 11, 1875 akaberekwa Reinhold Gliere, mumwe wevamiriri vekupedzisira veRussia classical chikoro, mudzidzi weTaneyev, muteveri weGlinka mukuru naBorodin. Akashanda nesimba, achidzidza unyanzvi hwokunyora, uye muna 1900 akapedza kudzidza kuMoscow Conservatory nemenduru yendarama. Zvadaro, semudzidzisi, akagadzirira Prokofiev wechidiki kuti apinde mairi. Pakati pezvakasiyana nhaka yeGliere pane 5 operas, 3 symphonies, 6 ballet.

Musi waNdira 27, 1756, mwana akangwara akaberekwa mumhuri yemuimbi weSalzburg, uyo akazove mumwe wevakakosha pamhanzi Olympus - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Nenzira, muna 2016 Mozart angadai akasvitsa makore 260! Nhamba dzakawanda dzemimhanzi, vatsoropodzi, vatevedzeri vanocherechedza kusanganiswa mubasa rake reushingi hwepfungwa nekubatana kunoshamisa kwemafomu. Akakwanisa kukunda mafomu ese emimhanzi aripo panguva iyoyo, kugadzira akasiyana mabasa anonzwika munzvimbo dzese dzekonzati munyika uye anodzidzwa muzvikoro zvese zvemimhanzi. Dambudziko renyanzvi nderekuti kuzivikanwa kwakauya kwaari makumi emakore mushure mekufa kwake. Munguva yehupenyu hwake, kudzika kwetarenda rake kwakakosheswa nevashoma.

Zuva rekupedzisira raNdira 1797 rakaratidza kuzvarwa kwemunyori wekutanga werudo munhoroondo yemimhanzi, Franz Schubert. Zvaakanakira ndezvekuti akaunza rudzi rwerwiyo, rwaive rwechipiri panguva iyoyo, kune imwe nhanho yehunyanzvi. Pakati pemienzaniso yekunyora kwake rwiyo kune mabharadhi erudo, uye mifananidzo yepfungwa, uye mifananidzo yezvakasikwa. Uye mitsetse miviri yezwi, "Iye Akanaka Miller's Woman" uye "Winter Way" inosanganisirwa mune konzati repertoire yevanenge vese vanoimba.

Vatambi vakuru

Musi wa8 Ndira 1938, Evgeny Nesterenko, bhesi reRussia rakatanhamara renguva yeSoviet, akaberekwa muMoscow. Talent yake yezwi uye hunyanzvi zvakabvumira vatsoropodzi kudaidza muimbi kuti mutsivi wemukuru Fyodor Chaliapin. Munguva yebasa rake remimhanzi, mutambi wacho akapinda mune zvinopfuura makumi mashanu emimhanzi. 50 dzacho dzakaitwa mumutauro wepakutanga. Ngano dzechiRussian, nziyo dzakasimba dzevanyori vekumba nekune dzimwe nyika dzakanzwika mumakonzati ake. Nekuita kwakatanhamara kwemabasa ekutungamira, Nesterenko akapihwa akawanda akakosha mibairo nemibairo.

Musi waNdira 21, 1941, Placido Domingo akaberekerwa muMadrid - muimbi akasarudzika akaita basa rinonetsa setenor. Zvinonakidza kuti anobudirira kuita zvikamu zvebaritone. Repertoire yake inosanganisira zvinopfuura 140 zvikamu zvekirasi, asi muimbi haangogumiri kune repertoire yezvidzidzo uye anofara kutora chikamu muzvirongwa zvemazuva ano zvemimhanzi. Anobatawo rekodhi yepasirese yenguva yekusimuka kwakamira: muna 1991, mushure mekuita kweOthello opera, vateereri havana kurega mutambi we80 maminetsi.

Ndira 24, 1953 izuva rakakosha raYuri Bashmet, murwi mukuru wenguva yedu. Akashandura viola isingaonekwi kuita yakanyanya virtuoso solo chiridzwa, nekuda kwekuti vanyori vakateerera kune ichi chiridzwa. Anopfuura makumi mashanu eviola concerto akanyorwa zvakanyanya kuBashmet. Bashmet haasi mutambi chete, asiwo mukuru weMoscow Soloists Ensemble, New Russia State Russian Orchestra uye muvambi wemakwikwi anokosha epasi rose viola.

Loud premiere

Ndira inonakidza kune akati wandei epamusoro-mbiri premieres.

Musi waNdira 7, 1898, iyo yekutanga yeOpera Sadko natenzi mukuru werudzi urwu, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, yakaitika pachikuva cheSavva Mamonov's private opera. Mariri, munyori akabatanidza mabasa akawanda echiRussia epic: epics, nziyo, kuchema, kurangana. Epic vhesi yakachengetedzwa zvishoma mu libretto.

Musi waNdira 15, 1890, bhareti raPyotr Tchaikovsky The Sleeping Beauty rakaitirwa paMariinsky Theatre, dhizaini isina kubva panhandare kweanopfuura zana.

Franz Schubert - Impromptu muE flat major (yakaitwa naAndrey Andreev)

Munyori - Victoria Denisova