Boris Emmanuilovich Khaikin |

Boris Khaikin

People's Artist yeUSSR (1972). Khaikin ndomumwe wevakakurumbira veSoviet opera conductors. Kwemakumi emakore ekuita kwake kwekugadzira, akashanda munzvimbo dzemitambo dzemimhanzi dzakanakisa munyika.

Achangopedza kudzidza kubva kuMoscow Conservatory (1928), kwaakadzidza achiitisa naK. Saradzhev, uye piyano naA. Gedike, Khaikin akapinda muStanislavsky Opera Theater. Panguva ino, akanga atotora matanho ake okutanga mubasa rokuitisa, apedza kudzidziswa kunoshanda achitungamirirwa naN. Golovanov (kirasi yeopera) naV. Suk (kirasi yeorchestra).

Nechekare muhuduku hwake, upenyu hwakasundidzira conductor kurwisa tenzi anoshamisa saKS Stanislavsky. Munzira dzakawanda, pasi pesimba rake, nheyo dzekusika dzaKhaikin dzakaumbwa. Pamwe chete naStanislavsky, akagadzirira kutanga kweThe Barber yeSeville naCarmen.

Tarenda yaKhaikin yakazviratidza nesimba guru paakatamira kuLeningrad muna 1936, achitsiva S. Samosud semutungamiri wenyanzvi uye mutungamiri mukuru weMaly Opera Theatre. Apa aive nerukudzo rwekuchengetedza nekusimudzira tsika dzeakamutangira. Uye akatsungirira basa iri, achibatanidza basa rekirasi repertoire nekushingaira kukurudzira mabasa eSoviet vanyori ("Mhandara Soil Upturned" naI. Dzerzhinsky, "Cola Breugnon" naD. Kabalevsky, "Amai" naV. Zhelobinsky, " Mutiny” naL. Khodja-Einatov ).

Kubva 1943, Khaikin anga ari mukuru kondakita uye unyanzvi mutungamiriri Opera uye Ballet Theater anonzi SM Kirov. Pano kutaurwa kwakakosha kunofanira kuitwa nezvekugadzira kushamwaridzana kwemutungamiriri naS. Prokofiev. Muna 1946, akaronga Duenna (Betrothal muMonastery), uye akazoshanda pane opera Iyo Tale yeMunhu Chaiye (kuita kwacho hakuna kurongwa; kungova nekuongorora kwakavharwa kwakaitika muna Zvita 3, 1948). Pamabasa matsva nevanyori veSoviet, Khaikin akaiswa panzvimbo yemitambo "Mhuri yeTaras" naD. Kabalevsky, "The Prince-Lake" naI. Dzerzhinsky. Kuita kweRussian classical repertoire - Musikana weOrleans naTchaikovsky, Boris Godunov naKhovanshchina naMussorgsky - vakave kukunda kwakakomba kweiyo theatre. Mukuwedzera, Khaikin akaitawo semutyairi we ballet (Kurara Runako, The Nutcracker).

Chikamu chinotevera chebasa rekugadzira Khaikin chakabatana neBolshoi Theatre yeUSSR, yaakange ari kondakita kubvira 1954. Uye muMoscow, akateerera zvakanyanya kumimhanzi yeSoviet (iyo operas "Amai" naT. Khrennikov, " Jalil" naN. Zhiganov, iyo ballet "Forest Song" naG. Zhukovsky). Zvizhinji zvemitambo yezvino repertoire yakaitwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaKhaikin.

"Mufananidzo wekugadzira weBE Khaikin," anonyora Leo Ginzburg, "wakasiyana chaizvo. Semuiti we opera, ishasha anogona kusanganisa mimhanzi yedramaturgy neye theatre. Kugona kushanda nevaimbi, kwaya uye orchestra, kuramba uye panguva imwe chete kusaita zvisingaite mhedzisiro yaaida, yaigara ichimutsa kunzwira tsitsi kwe ensembles kwaari. Kuravira kwakanakisa, tsika huru, mimhanzi inokwezva uye pfungwa yemaitiro zvakaita kuti matambiro ake agare akakosha uye achiyemurika. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya mukududzira kwake mabasa echiRussian uye Western classics.

Khaikin aifanira kushanda kune dzimwe nyika dzemitambo. Akaita Khovanshchina muFlorence (1963), The Queen of Spades muLeipzig (1964), uye akaitisa Eugene Onegin muCzechoslovakia uye Faust muRomania. Khaykin akaitawo kunze kwenyika se symphony conductor (pamba, mitambo yake yekonzati yaiwanzoitwa muMoscow neLeningrad). Kunyanya, akatora chikamu mukushanya kweLeningrad Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra muItaly (1966).

Pakarepo sepakati pemakore makumi matatu, basa rekudzidzisa raProfesa Khaikin rakatanga. Pakati pevadzidzi vake pane vakadai vane mukurumbira vakaita saK. Kondrashin, E. Tons nevamwe vakawanda.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969