Saizi yemimhanzi: mhando dzayo uye mazita

Nhasi tichataura nezvehukuru hwemimhanzi - kuratidzwa kwenhamba kwemamita, pamwe chete nekuverenga uye kuita mumamita akasiyana-siyana, asi kutanga tichadzokorora zvishoma kuti chii chinonzi pulse, mita, yakasimba uye isina simba.

Muchikamu chakapfuura, takatotaura pamusoro pekuti hwaro hwemimhanzi ndeye yunifomu pulsation. Marovero ePulse anogona kunge akasimba uye asina simba, uye mabhiti akasimba uye asina kusimba anochinjana kwete zvaangoita, asi mune imwe nzira yakasimba.

Nhoroondo yezvikamu zvakasimba uye zvisina simba

Anonyanya kutevedzana anotevedzana ndeaya: 1 kurova kwakasimba, 1 isina simba kana 1 yakasimba uye 2 isina simba. Kuti zvive nyore, kurova kwemhepo kunoverengwa zvakare (kunoverengerwa kwekutanga-yechipiri kana yekutanga-yechipiri-yechitatu, sechidzidzo chekudzidzira muviri). Uye kurova kwega kwega kune simba ndiko kutanga. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekurohwa kusina simba, kuverenga kunochengetwa kusvika kune maviri, kusvika kune matatu, kana kusvika kune imwe kukosha, kusvikira nguva yakasimba yauya zvakare. Kuwanda kwakadai kwebhiti (dzinonziwo mashare) inonzi musical mita.

Ngatitii puruzi inorova mumakota manotsi, ngatiedzei kuratidza kurohwa kwayo mune mutinhimira wenziyo. Mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, zvose zvinorova zvepulse zvinomiririrwa nekota manotsi. Kana kuputika kwakasimba, ipapo pasi pechinyorwa chiri chiratidzo chekutaura (>), zvakaita sechiratidzo chesvomhu “chikuru pane”.

Nguva kubva kune imwe kuderera kusvika pakatanga kunotevera kuderera mumimhanzi inonzi natsamukanwa, mabheti akapatsanurwa, ndiko kuti, akaganhurwa kubva kune mumwe barline. Nokudaro, mutsara webhari unogara uripo pamberi pekurova kwakasimba, izvo zvinoreva kuti chiyero chitsva chimwe nechimwe chinotanga nekuverenga kwe "avo" (kureva, kubva pakutanga, kurohwa kwakasimba).

Chii chinonzi mamita uye zviyero?

Mamita kana zviyero zviri nyore uye zvakaoma. Simple - Izvi zvikamu zviviri uye zvitatu-zvikamu. ASI yakaoma - aya ndiwo anosanganisira maviri kana anopfuura akareruka. Uyezve, ese ari maviri homogeneous metres (semuenzaniso, maviri katatu kana maviri maviri) uye heterogeneous metres (kaviri uye katatu akasanganiswa) anogona kubatana.

Chii chinonzi musical scale?

nguva siginecha ndiko kutaura kwenhamba kwemamita. Siginecha yenguva inoyera kuzara kwezviyero (mune mamwe mazwi: mangani manotsi anofanira kukwana muchiyero chimwe chete, mune imwe "bhokisi"). Kukura kunowanzo kunyorwa nenzira yenhamba mbiri, iyo, sechikamu chesvomhu, inowanikwa imwe pamusoro peimwe, pasina dash (pasina chiratidzo chekuparadzanisa). Iwe unogona kuona mienzaniso yezvinyorwa zvakadaro mumufananidzo:

Nhamba idzi dzinorevei?

nhamba yepamusoro anoti pamusoro kuti mabhiti mangani ari pachiyero, kureva kuti mangani ekuverenga (kusvika kune maviri, matatu, mana, matanhatu, nezvimwewo). Nhamba yepamusoro inofanirwa kutaurwa kana uchiverenga senhamba mune yechikadzi uye inomiririra kesi (kureva, mbiri, nhatu, ina, shanu, nezvimwewo)

pasi nhamba anoratidza kureba kwebhiti imwe neimwe, kureva kuti, manotsi atinofanira kufunga nezvawo uye anocherekedza kurova kunowanzo rova (yechina zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa zvehafu, zvinyorwa zvechisere, nezvimwewo). Nhamba yepasi paunenge uchiverenga siginicha yenguva inofanirwa kutaurwa kwete senhamba, asi sezita renguva yemimhanzi inoenderana mune genitive kesi.

Mienzaniso yemazita ehukuru hwakarurama: zvikamu zviviri, zvikamu zvitatu, zvisere zvitatu, zvikamu zvina, zvitanhatu zvesere, zvitatu zvechipiri (hafu - pano kunze kwemutemo), zvikamu zvishanu, nezvimwe.

Nyore nguva masiginecha

Masizi emimhanzi akareruka anoumbwa nemamita akareruka, kureva kuti, saizi iyi ichave yakapetwa kaviri kana katatu. Mienzaniso yehukuru hwakareruka: maviri sekondi, maviri kota, maviri sere, maviri gumi nematanhatu, matatu sekondi, matatu kota, matatu sere, matatu gumi nematanhatu, nezvimwe.

Saizi 2/4 "makota maviri" - iyi ndiyo siginicha yenguva umo mune mabhiti maviri uye bhiti imwe neimwe yakaenzana nekota imwe chete. Nhamba inochengetwa "imwe-ne-mbiri-uye." Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinyorwa zviviri zvekota zvakaiswa muchiyero chimwe nechimwe (kwete uye kwete zvishoma). Asi aya manotsi ekota, kana kuti summary yavo, inogona "kuyeverwa" nenguva dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, imwe yemagove kana kunyange ese maviri kamwechete anogona kupatsanurwa kuita sere kana gumi nematanhatu (inogona kunge iri mumisanganiswa yakasiyana), inogona kupatsanurwa kuita katatu uye quintuplets. Iwe unogona zvakare, pane zvinopesana, kwete kupatsanurwa, asi kusanganisa zvikamu zviviri muzvina muhafu imwe, unogona kuisa zvinyorwa zvine madotsi uchishandisa zviratidzo zvinowedzera nguva yezvinyorwa.

Panogona kuve nezvakawanda sarudzo dze rhythmic pateni muyero yemakota maviri. Ngationei mamwe acho.

Saizi 3/4 "matatu matatu" - ine mabhii matatu, uye imwe neimwe yakaenzana nekota imwe chete. Chibodzwa "chimwe-uye, maviri-uye, matatu-uye." Huwandu hwemakota matatu hunogonawo kudanwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Kana, semuenzaniso, iwe ukabatanidza zvese zvitatu zvekota zvinyorwa mune imwe chinyorwa, iwe unowana hafu yenoti ine dot - ichi ndicho chinyorwa chakareba kwazvo chinogona kunyorwa muchiyero chine nguva yakapihwa siginicha. Ona dzimwe rhythm kuzadza sarudzo dzenguva ino siginicha.

Saizi 3/8 "matatu masere" - inoratidzika sezvikamu zvitatu muzvikamu zvayo zvitatu, chete pano nguva yekurohwa kwega kwega pano ndeyechisere, kwete chechina. Chibodzwa "chimwe-vaviri-vatatu". Eight ndiyo nguva huru, asi inogona kukamurwa kuita gumi nematanhatu kana zvichidikanwa, kana kusanganiswa muzvikamu (kana maviri masere akabatana) kana kota ine dot (matatu masere akabatana kamwechete). Zvakajairwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuzadza rhythmic:

Complex mimhanzi nguva siginicha

Mamita akaomesesa anowanzo kuwanikwa mumhanzi mativi mana nemasere matanhatu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane maviri akareruka.

Saizi 4/4 "mana mana" - ine mabhiti mana, uye nguva yebhiti imwe neimwe ikota yenoti. Saizi iyi yakaumbwa kubva muhuwandu hwemasaizi maviri akareruka 2/4, zvinoreva kuti ine matauriro maviri - pachikamu chekutanga uye chechitatu. Chikamu chekutanga chinonzi simba, uye yechitatu, iyo inoenderana nekutanga kwechipiri saizi iri nyore, inonzi zvine simbaiyo isina simba pane yakasimba. Uyezve, tizivise izvozvo 4/4 nguva siginicha dzimwe nguva inoratidzwawo nechiratidzo chakafanana netsamba C (denderedzwa rakazaruka).

Saizi 6/8 "matanhatu masere" - ichi chiyero chenhanhatu, chinoumbwa nemhando mbiri dzakapfava nhatu, kuputika kunoenda mumanotsi echisere. Iko kurova kwakasimba ndiko kwekutanga mairi, uye kurohwa kwakasimba ndekwechina (kutanga kwechipiri chenguva yakareruka siginicha ndeye 3/8).

Kuwedzera kune aya akajairwa saizi yakaoma, muimbi anogona kusangana nevamwe vakafanana navo: 4/8, 6/4, 9/8, 12/8. Zvose izvi zvakaoma zviyero zvinoumbwa maererano nenheyo yakafanana. Semuyenzaniso, siginicha yenguva 9/8 zviyero zvitatu zve 3/8 zvakawedzerwa pamwechete, 12/8 mana emamwe akafanana akabatana akareruka matanho.

masaizi akasanganiswa

Yakasanganiswa hukuru hwakaoma hunoumbwa kana husina kufanana, asi zvakasiyana-siyana zviri nyore zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete, semuenzaniso, maviri-chikamu ane matatu-chikamu. Pakati pezvakasiyana-siyana zvakasanganiswa hukuru, ina inomira kunze, iyo inobata maziso kakawanda kupfuura mamwe. Aya ndiwo 5/4 uye 5/8, pamwe ne7/4 uye 7/8. Nguva nenguva, muimbi angasangana nemamita 11/4, asi izvi hazviwanzoitiki (somuenzaniso, mune yekupedzisira korasi "Chiedza uye Simba" kubva kuOpera "The Snow Maiden" naNA Rimsky-Korsakov).

Saizi 5/4 uye 5/8 ("makota mashanu" uye "mashanu masere") - mabhii mashanu, akavakirwa pamusimboti mumwechete, mune imwe chete nyaya iyo pulsation inopinda mukota yenguva, uye mune imwe - mumasere. Sezvo hukuru uhu hwakaoma, hunosanganisira maviri akareruka - maviri-chikamu uye matatu-chikamu. Uyezve, zvakasiyana-siyana zvehukuru uhu zvinogoneka, zvichienderana nekurongeka kweakareruka.

Semuenzaniso, kana 5/4 ichienda kutanga muna 2/4, uyezve 3/4, ipapo kurohwa kwakasimba kunowira pakurohwa kwechitatu. Asi kana muchiyero chimwe chete chikamu chetatu chinotanga kuiswa, uye mushure mezvikamu zviviri, ipapo munyaya iyi kurohwa kwakasimba kuchatowira pabhiti yechina, saka imwe chirevo chichashandurwa, uye izvi zvichashandura mukati mese. rhythmic sangano muchiyero.

Kuti muiti azive kuti ndeipi shanduro yenguva yakasanganiswa siginicha yaachazofanira kubata nayo, mune zvinyorwa, padivi peiyo yakatarwa nguva siginicha, inowanzo ratidzwa mumabhuraketi ayo akareruka mamita anoumbwa nawo. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwakaratidzwa hwehukuru, zvinowanzojeka izvo zvinouya pekutanga - 2/4 kana 3/4. Semuenzaniso: 5/4 (2/4 + 3/4) kana 5/4 (3/4 + 2/4). Izvo zvinoshandawo kune saizi 5/8.

Saizi 7/4 uye 7/8 - anoumbwa neatatu akareruka, imwe yacho ine matatu, uye maviri asara maviri-zvikamu. Siginecha yenguva yakadai inogona kuwanzo kuoneka muhurongwa hwenziyo dzechiRussia, dzimwe nguva zvakare mumhanzi wezviridzwa nevaimbi veRussia.

Kusiyana kwekuwedzera kweyero-yekurova-nomwe kwakasiyana munzvimbo yemamita matatu-inorova (kazhinji inowanikwa pakutanga kana kumagumo kwebhari, zvishoma kazhinji pakati).

Takaongorora zviyero zvikuru zvemimhanzi. Sezviri mune chero bhizinesi, zvaive zvakakosha kuti unzwisise musimboti apa, saka kana iwe ukasangana nehumwe hukuru husina kujairika, haungarasikirwe. Nekudaro, kana pachine zvinhu zvausina kufunga nezvazvo, nyora mibvunzo yako mumhinduro. Zvichida ivo vachabatsira kuvandudza zvakanyanya nyaya iyi.