Wilhelm Furtwängler |

Wilhelm Furtwangler

Wilhelm Furtwängler anofanirwa kudomwa semumwe wekutanga pakati pezvivheneko zveunyanzvi hwemutyairi wezana ramakore rechi20. Nerufu rwake, muimbi ane mwero mukuru akasiya nyika yemimhanzi, muimbi ane chinangwa chehupenyu hwake hwese kusimbisa kunaka uye kukudzwa kwechinyakare art.

Basa rehunyanzvi raFurtwängler rakakura nekukurumidza zvakanyanya. Mwanakomana weBerlin archaeologist ane mukurumbira, akadzidza muMunich achitungamirirwa nevadzidzisi vakanakisisa, pakati pavo paiva nemukurumbira F. Motl. Atanga basa rake mumataundi madiki, Furtwängler muna 1915 akagamuchira kokero kunzvimbo ine mutoro wemukuru weimba yeopera muMannheim. Makore mashanu gare gare, ari kutoita makonzati esymphony eBerlin State Opera, uye makore maviri gare gare anotsiva A. Nikisch semukuru weBerlin Philharmonic Orchestra, iyo basa rake remangwana rakanyatsobatana. Panguva imwecheteyo, anova mutungamiriri wechigarire weimwe orchestra yekare muGermany - Leipzig "Gewandhaus". Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, basa rake guru uye rine zvibereko rakabudirira. Muna 1928, guta guru reGermany rakamupa zita rekuremekedza re "mukuru wemimhanzi yeguta" mukucherechedza mabasa ake akatanhamara kune tsika yenyika.

Mukurumbira waFurtwängler wakapararira pasirese, pamberi penzendo dzake munyika dzeEurope uye mukondinendi yeAmerica. Mumakore aya, zita rake rinozivikanwa munyika yedu. Muna 1929, Zhizn iskusstva akabudisa tsamba dzomuiti weRussia NA Malko wokuBerlin, iyo yakataura kuti “muGermany neAustria, Wilhelm Furtwängler ndiye kondakita anodiwa zvikuru.” Heano maitiro Malko akatsanangura maitiro emuimbi: "Kunze, Furtwängler haina zviratidzo zve" prima donna ". Mafambiro akareruka erudyi rworudyi, nekushingaira kudzivisa mutsara webhawa, sechipinganidzo chekunze nekuyerera kwemukati kwemimhanzi. Iyo inoshamisa kutaura kwekuruboshwe, iyo isingasiyi chero chinhu pasina kutariswa, uko paine kanenge kadiki kekutaura ... "

Furtwängler aive muimbi wekukurudzira uye nenjere dzakadzama. Tekinoroji yanga isiri svikiro kwaari: nzira yakapfava uye yepakutanga yekuitisa yaigaromutendera kuburitsa pfungwa huru yekuumbwa kwakaitwa, asingakanganwe zvakanakisa; yakashanda senzira yokukwezva, dzimwe nguva kunyange kupfuudzwa kunofadza kwenziyo dzakadudzirwa, nzira inokwanisa kuita kuti vaimbi nevateereri vanzwire kondakita. Kunyatsoteerera kune zvibodzwa hakuna kumboshanduka kuita nguva kwaari: chiitiko chitsva chega chega chakava chiitiko chechokwadi chekusika. Mazano echivanhu akafuridzira nziyo dzake pachake - symphonies nhatu, piyano concerto, chamber ensembles, yakanyorwa mumweya wekuvimbika kune tsika dzechinyakare.

Furtwängler akapinda munhoroondo yeunyanzvi hwemimhanzi semuturikiri asingaenzaniswi wemabasa makuru echiGerman classics. Vashoma vaigona kuenzana naye mukudzika uye nesimba rinotyisa rekushandura mabhuku esymphonic aBeethoven, Brahms, Bruckner, nziyo dzeMozart naWagner. Pamberi paFurtwangler, vakawana muturikiri ane hanya wemabasa aTchaikovsky, Smetana, Debussy. Akaridza zvakawanda uye achida mimhanzi yemazuva ano, panguva imwe chete akaramba zvakasimba zvemazuva ano. Mumabhuku ake ekunyora, akaunganidzwa mumabhuku "Kukurukurirana pamusoro peMumhanzi", "Muimbi uye Veruzhinji", "Testamende", mune dzakawanda dzetsamba dzemuitisi dzaburitswa zvino, tinounzwa nemufananidzo wemurwi ane simba wezvinangwa zvepamusoro zve. realistic art.

Furtwängler muimbi werudzi rwakadzama. Munguva dzakaoma dzeHitlerism, akasara muGermany, akaramba achidzivirira mitemo yake, haana kubvumirana nevanyengeri vetsika. Kare muna 1934, achishora kurambidzwa kwaGoebbels, akabatanidza mabasa aMendelssohn naHindemith muzvirongwa zvake. Zvadaro, akamanikidzwa kusiya zvose zvinyorwa, kuderedza nhamba yehurukuro kusvika zvishoma.

Chete muna 1947 Furtwängler zvakare akatungamira Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. Zviremera zveAmerica zvakarambidza boka kuti riite munharaunda yedemocracy yeguta, asi tarenda remutyairi anoshamisa raive uye richava revanhu vese veGerman. Nhoroondo yevakafa, yakabudiswa mushure mekufa kwemuimbi neBazi reZvenyika yeGDR, inoti: "Kukodzera kwaWilhelm Furtweigler kuri kunyanya pakuti akawana uye akaparadzira hukuru hwevanhu hwemimhanzi, akavadzivirira. nokushingaira kukuru munziyo dzake. Mumunhu waWilhelm Furtwängler, Germany yakabatana. Yaiva yose yeGermany. Akabatsira mukutendeseka uye kusaparadzaniswa kwehupenyu hwedu hwenyika. "

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek