Francesca Cuzzoni |

Francesca Cuzzoni

Mumwe wevaimbi vakatanhamara vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, Cuzzoni-Sandoni, aive nezwi reinoyevedza, yakapfava timbre, akabudirira zvakaenzana mukuoma coloratura uye cantilena arias.

C. Burney anonokora mashoko kubva mumashoko emunyori I.-I. Quantz anotsanangura hunhu hwemuimbi seizvi: “Cuzzoni aive nezwi rinonakidza uye rinopenya resoprano, matauriro akachena uye trill yakanaka; ruzha rwezwi rake rwakambundira maoctaves maviri - kubva pachikamu chimwe kusvika patatu-chikamu c. Maimbiro ake aive akapfava uye azere nekunzwa; mashongedzero ake aiita seasingaite, nekuda kwenzira iri nyore uye chaiyo yaakazviita; zvisinei, akakwezva mwoyo yevateereri nemashoko ake akapfava uye anobaya mwoyo. MuAllegro akanga asina kukurumidza kukuru, asi vaisiyaniswa nekukwana uye kutsetseka kwekuuraya, kupenya uye kunakidza. Zvisinei, nezvose izvi zvakanaka, zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti akatamba zvinotonhora uye kuti chimiro chake chakanga chisina kunyatsokodzera pachikuva.

Francesca Cuzzoni-Sandoni akaberekwa muna 1700 muguta reItaly reParma, mumhuri yevarombo yeviolinist Angelo Cuzzoni. Akadzidza kuimba naPetronio Lanzi. Akaita debut yake pachikuva opera muna 1716 muguta rokwake. Gare gare akaimba munhandare dzeBologna, Venice, Siena nekuwedzera kubudirira.

"Zvakashata, neunhu husingatsungiririki, muimbi zvisinei akafadza vateereri nehutsinye hwake, runako rwetimbre, inimitable cantilena mukuita kweadagio," anonyora E. Tsodokov. - Pakupedzisira, muna 1722, prima donna inogamuchira kukokwa kubva kuna G.-F. Handel nemumwe wake impresario Johann Heidegger kunoridza kuLondon Kingstier. Nyanzvi yeGermany, yakanyatsosimbiswa muguta guru reChirungu, iri kuedza kukunda "foggy Albion" nemitambo yake yeItaly. Anotungamirira Royal Academy of Music (yakagadzirirwa kusimudzira opera yeItaly) uye anokwikwidzana neItaly Giovanni Bononcini. Chido chekuwana Cuzzoni chikuru zvokuti kunyange harpsichordist wemitambo Pietro Giuseppe Sandoni anotumirwa kwaari kuItaly. Vari munzira kuenda kuLondon, Francesca nemumwe wake vanotanga nyaya inotungamira kumuchato wepakutanga. Pakupedzisira, musi waZvita 29, 1722, British Journal inozivisa kusvika kwave pedyo kweCuzzoni-Sandoni ichangobva kugadzirwa muEngland, isingakanganwi kuzivisa mubhadharo wake wemwaka, iyo iri 1500 pounds (chaizvoizvo, prima donna yakagamuchira 2000 mapaundi) .

Musi waNdira 12, 1723, muimbi akamuita debut yake yeLondon mumutambo wekutanga weHandel's opera Otto, Mambo weGermany (Theophane chikamu). Pakati pevadyidzani vaFrancesca pane ane mukurumbira weItaly castrato Senesino, uyo akadzokorora kuita naye. Zvinoitwa mumitambo yekutanga yeHandel's operas Julius Caesar (1724, chikamu cheCleopatra), Tamerlane (1724, chikamu cheAsteria), uye Rodelinda (1725, chikamu chezita) chinotevera. Mune ramangwana, Cuzzoni akaimba mabasa anotungamira muLondon - ese mumitambo yeHandel "Admet", "Scipio naAlexander", uye mumaopera evamwe vanyori. Coriolanus, Vespasian, Artashasta naLucius Verus naAriosti, Calpurnia uye Astyanax naBononcini. Uye kwose kwose akabudirira, uye nhamba yevateveri yakakura.

Izvo zvinonyatsozivikanwa zvinonyadzisa uye kusindimara kwemuimbi hazvina kunetsa Handel, uyo aive nekutsunga kwakakwana. Pane imwe nguva iyo prima donna yaisada kuita aria kubva kuOttone sezvakataurwa nemunyori. Handel akabva avimbisa Cuzzoni kuti kana aramba zvachose, aizongomukandira kunze nepahwindo!

Mushure mokunge Francesca asununguka mwanasikana muzhizha ra1725, kubatanidzwa kwake mumwaka unouya kwaiva mubvunzo. Iyo Royal Academy yaifanira kugadzirira yekutsiva. Handel pachake anoenda kuVienna, kudare raMambo Charles VI. Pano vanonamata mumwe muItaly - Faustina Bordoni. Munyori, achiita se impresario, anokwanisa kupedzisa chibvumirano nemuimbi, achipa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka emari.

“Awana “dhaimani” idzva mumunhu weBordoni, Handel akawanawo matambudziko matsva,” anodaro E. Tsodokov. - Maitiro ekubatanidza maviri prima donnas pachikuva? Mushure mezvose, tsika dzaCuzzoni dzinozivikanwa, uye veruzhinji, vakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri, vachawedzera huni kumoto. Zvose izvi zvinoonekwa nemunyori, achinyora opera yake itsva "Alexander", apo Francesca naFaustina (iyo iyi iriwo muLondon debut) inofanirwa kuungana pachikuva. Kune vakwikwidzi venguva yemberi, mabasa maviri akaenzana anoitirwa - madzimai aAlexander Mukuru, Lizaura naRoxana. Uyezve, iyo nhamba yearias inofanirwa kuenzana, mu duets ivo vanofanirwa solo neimwe nzira. Uye Mwari ngaarege kuti chiyero chakatyorwa! Iye zvino zvinova pachena kuti ndeapi mabasa, kure nemimhanzi, Handel aiwanzofanira kugadzirisa mubasa rake rekuvhiya. Iyi haisi iyo nzvimbo yekunyura mukuongororwa kwenhaka yemimhanzi yemunyori mukuru, asi, sezviri pachena, pfungwa yeavo nyanzvi dzemimhanzi vanotenda kuti, azvisunungura kubva kune inorema opera "mutoro" muna 1741, akawana rusununguko irworwo rwemukati. izvo zvakamubvumira kugadzira ake ega ekupedzisira ehunyanzvi mumhando yeoratorio ("Mesia", "Samson", "Judas Maccabee", nezvimwewo).

Musi waMay 5, 1726, iyo yekutanga ye "Alexander" yakaitika, iyo yakabudirira zvikuru. Mumwedzi wekutanga chete, chigadzirwa ichi chakamhanya kwemitambo gumi nemana. Senesino akatamba chinzvimbo. Iyo prima donnas zvakare iri pamusoro pemutambo wavo. Sezvingabvira, yakanga iri iyo opera yakatanhamara zvikurusa yenguva iyoyo. Nehurombo, maBritish akaumba misasa miviri yevasingawirirane vateveri ve prima donnas, iyo Handel aitya zvakanyanya.

Munyori I.-I. Quantz aiva chapupu chekurwisana ikoko. “Pakati pezvikamu zvevaimbi vese vari vaviri, Cuzzoni naFaustina, paive neruvengo rukuru zvekuti apo vateveri vemumwe vakatanga kuombera, vaiyemura vemumwe vaingoridza muridzo, maererano neizvo London yakambomira kuita maopera kwenguva yakati. Ava vaimbi vaiva nounhu hwakasiyana-siyana uye hunoorora zvokuti, kudai vaimbi venguva dzose venziyo vasina kuva vavengi vemifarwa yavo vamene, vangadai vakaombera mumwe nomumwe mukuwirirana, uye ivowo vakafarikanya kukwana kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana. Kunhamo yevanhu vane hasha vanotsvaka kunakidzwa netarenda chero kwavangawanikwe, hasha dzegakava iri rakarapa vese vatengesi vakazotevera upenzi hwekuunza vaimbi vaviri vevanhurume netarenda panguva imwe chete kukonzera kukakavara. .

Hezvino izvo E. Tsodokov anonyora:

“Mukati megore, kurwisana hakuna kupfuura miganhu yetsika. Vaimbi vakaramba vachiimba zvinobudirira. Asi mwaka wakatevera wakatanga nematambudziko makuru. Kutanga, Senesino, uyo akanga aneta nokuva mumumvuri wekukwikwidza kweprima donnas, akati akanga achirwara uye akaenda kunyika (akadzokera kumwaka unotevera). Chechipiri, mari isingafungidzike yenyeredzi yakazunungusa mamiriro emari ekutungamira kweChikami. Havana kuwana chero chinhu chiri nani pane "kuvandudza" makwikwi pakati peHandel naBononcini. Handel anonyora opera itsva "Admet, Mambo weThessaly", iyo yakave yakabudirira zvikuru (19 mitambo pamwaka). Bononcini ari kugadzirirawo mutambo mutsva - opera Astianax. Yakanga iri kugadzirwa uku kwakava kunouraya mukukwikwidzana pakati penyeredzi mbiri. Kana zvisati zvaitika kuti kurwisana pakati pavo kwaiitwa kunyanya ne "maoko" evateveri uye vakawira pasi pakuita mhirizhonga pamitambo, "kudiridza" mumwe nomumwe mumapepanhau, ipapo pamutambo webasa idzva raBononcini, rakapinda mu " physical” stage.

Ngatitsanangurirei zvakadzama iyi inonyadzisa yekutanga, yakaitika musi waJune 6, 1727, pamberi pemudzimai weMuchinda weWales Caroline, apo Bordoni akaimba chikamu cheHermione, uye Cuzzoni akaimba Andromache. Mushure mekubhowa kwechinyakare, mapato akaenderera mberi kuenda ku "cat concert" nezvimwe zvinhu zvinonyadzisa; tsinga dzeprima donnas hadzina kugona kumira, dzakanamatirana. Hondo yevakadzi yakafanana yakatanga - nekukwenya, kurira, kudhonza bvudzi. Matinji ane ropa anorovana pasina. Kunyomba kwacho kwakakura zvekuti kwakakonzera kuvharwa kwemwaka weopera. "

Mutungamiriri weDrury Lane Theatre, Colley Syber, akaita nhambwe mwedzi wakatevera umo vaimbi vaviri vakabudiswa vachikweshana machira, uye Handel phlegmatically achitaura kune avo vaida kuvaparadzanisa: “Zvisiyei. Pavanoneta, hasha dzavo dzinopera dzoga.” Uye, kuti akurumidze kupera kwehondo, akamukurudzira nemabhoti makuru etimpani.

Kunyomba uku kwaivewo chimwe chezvikonzero zvekusikwa kweiyo yakakurumbira "Opera of the Beggars" naD. Gay naI.-K. Pepusha muna 1728. Kupokana pakati pema prima donnas kunoratidzwa mudutu rakakurumbira rekupopotedzana pakati paPolly naLucy.

Nenguva isipi kusawirirana kwevaimbi kwakapera. Vatatu vakakurumbira vakaita zvakare pamwe chete muHandel's operas Koreshi, Mambo wePezhiya, Ptolemy, Mambo weEgypt. Asi izvi zvose hazviponesi "Kingstier", iyo yemitambo yemitambo inoramba ichiderera. Pasina kumirira kuputsika, muna 1728 Cuzzoni naBordoni vakasiya London.

Cuzzoni anoenderera mberi nemitambo yake kumba muVenice. Mushure meizvi, anoonekwa muVienna. Muguta guru reAustria, haana kugara kwenguva refu nekuda kwekukumbira kukuru kwemari. Muna 1734-1737, Cuzzoni akaimba zvakare muLondon, panguva ino neboka remuimbi ane mukurumbira Nicola Porpora.

Kudzokera kuItaly muna 1737, muimbi akaimba muFlorence. Kubva 1739 anga achishanyira Europe. Cuzzoni anoita muVienna, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Amsterdam.

Pachine runyerekupe rwakawanda rwakatenderedza prima donna. Zvinotova nerunyerekupe rwekuti akauraya murume wake. MuHolland, Cuzzoni anopedzisira ave mujeri remukwereti. Muimbi anosunungurwa kubva mairi chete manheru. Mari yemitambo kubva mumitambo yemitambo inoenda kunobhadhara zvikwereti.

Cuzzoni-Sandoni akafa muurombo muBologna muna 1770, achiwana mari mumakore achangopfuura nekugadzira mabhatani.