Nhoroondo yekusika uye kuvandudzwa kwe synthesizer

Isu tese tinoziva chaizvo kuti piyano inogoneka sechiridzwa, uye synthesizer ingori imwe yezvikamu zvayo, izvo zvinogona kushandura zvakanyanya mimhanzi yese, kuwedzera kugona kwayo kusvika kumiganhu iyo vanyori vekare vaisatombofungidzira. Vashoma vanhu vanoziva nzira yakafambiswa isati yazivikanwa synthesizer yatinoziva. Ndinokasira kuzadza gap iri.

Ndinofunga kuti hazvina kukodzera kudzokorora kutaura kwekukunda pamusoro pekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji. Unogona kuverenga nezve nhoroondo yepiyano pano.

Wakazorodza nyaya yacho mundangariro mako, ukaiverenga kekutanga, kana kuti wakasarudza kuifuratira zvachose here? Zvisineyi, hazvina basa… Ngatidzikei kubhizinesi!

Nhoroondo: yekutanga synthesizer

Midzi yezwi rokuti "synthesizer" inobva pachirevo che "synthesis", ndiko kuti, kusikwa kwechimwe chinhu (munyaya yedu, inzwi) kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakambosiyana. Chimwe chezvimiro zvayo zvakakosha ndechekuti synthesizer inokwanisa kuburitsa kwete chete manzwi epiyano yekare (uye, nenzira, kunyange ruzha rwepiyano runowanzo kupihwa mushanduro dzakasiyana), asiwo kutevedzera ruzha rwezvimwe zvakawanda. zviridzwa. Iwo zvakare ane manzwi emagetsi ayo chete ma synthesizer anogona kubereka. Asi zviri nani chiridzwa, iyo yakakwirira mutengo wayo ichava - izvi zvinogadzira chiyero uye izvi, zvishoma, zvine musoro.

Ipapo

Kusikwa kwezviridzwa zvemagetsi zvakatanga kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uye pano, kune kunakidzwa kwemanzwiro edu ekuda nyika, musayendisiti wekuRussia akacherekedza Lev Theremin - yaive pfungwa dzake nemaoko zvakagadzira imwe yekutanga-yakazara zviridzwa zvichishandisa. mitemo yefizikisi uye simba remagetsi, inozivikanwa se ipapo. Yakanga iri dhizaini iri nyore uye nharembozha, isina analogue kusvika parizvino - ichi ndicho chete chiridzwa chinoridzwa pasina kana kuchibata.

Muimbi, achifambisa maoko ake munzvimbo iri pakati peantennas echiridzwa, anoshandura masaisai ekudengenyeka uye nekudaro anoshandurawo zvinyorwa izvo theremin inopa kunze. Chiridzwa ichi chinoonekwa sechimwe chezvakanyanya kuoma kugona kugadzirwa nevanhu - kutonga kwacho hakusi pachena uye kunoda data rakatanhamara rekunzwa. Mukuwedzera, inzwi rinobudiswa neiyo theremin, ngatiti, rakananga, asi ndizvo chaizvo izvo zvichiri kufarirwa nevaimbi uye kushandiswa mukurekodha.

Tellarmonium

Imwe yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvekutanga, panguva ino yatova keyboards, yakadanwa Tellarmonium uye yakagadzirwa Thaddeus Cahill kubva kuIowa. Uye chiridzwa chacho, chine donzo rokutsiva sangano rechechi, chakava chihombe zvamazvirokwazvo: chairema anenge matani 200, chaibatanidza magwenya makuru emagetsi ane 145, uye zvakada motokari 30 dzenjanji kuti dziendese kuNew York. Asi chokwadi chekusikwa kwayo chakaratidza kuti mimhanzi inofanira kufamba kupi, yakaratidza kuti kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi kunogona kubatsira sei kuvandudza art. Vakataura kuti Cahill pamberi penguva yake, vakamuti inyanzvi isina kusimba. Nekudaro, kunyangwe nerunako rwese chiridzwa ichi, chaive chiine nzvimbo yekuvandudza: Ini ndakatotaura nezvekuwanda kwayo, asi, nekuwedzera, yakakonzera kukanganisa pamitsara yerunhare, uye ruzha rwayo rwakanga rwuri pakati nepakati kunyangwe nezviyero zvekutanga. zana remakore rechiXNUMX.

Nhengo iri muHammond

Zvamazvirokwazvo, chiverengero chakati chezvakagadzirwa zvikuru zvakadaro zvakatungamirira kukufambira mberi kwazvo. Nhanho inotevera mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi ndiyo inonzi nhengo yeHammond, musiki wayo aive wekuAmerica Laurence Hammond. Zvisikwa zvake zvaive zvidiki pane mukoma wake Tellarmonium, asi achiri kure nediki (chiridzwa chairema zvishoma pane 200 kilogiramu).

Chinhu chikuru cheHammond organ yaive yekuti yaive nemalevers akakosha aikubvumidza kuti uzvimirire kusanganisa masaini mafomu uye pakupedzisira kuburitsa yako wega manzwi, akasiyana neakajairwa organ.

Chiridzwa chakawana kuzivikanwa - chinowanzoshandiswa pachinzvimbo chechimiro chaicho mumachechi eAmerica, uye chakafarirwawo nevakawanda vaimbi vejazz uye rock (The Beatles, Deep Purple, Hongu nevamwe vazhinji). Sezvineiwo, apo Hammond akakumbirwa kuti asadana chiridzwa chake chitunha, chikumbiro chacho chakazorambwa, sezvo komisheni yacho yaisagona kutsauranisa ruzha rwenhengo yemagetsi nechiridzwa chaicho chemhepo.

Concert of noises

Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, iyo, yechokwadi, yakaisa kuvandudzwa kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi pakumbomira, chiitiko chakakosha chete chine chekuita nemusoro wedu chaive. "Concert of Noises"yakapiwa neFrench Pierre Henri и Pierre Schaeffer - Ichi chiitiko chekuedza, panguva iyo majenereta matsva akawedzerwa kune imwe nhengo yeHammond, nerubatsiro rwaakagamuchira matombo matsva etimbre uye akashandura zvakanyanya inzwi rake. Kunyangwe nekuda kwehukuru hwemajenareta, zviito zvese zvaigona kungoitika mumarabhoritari, zvisinei neizvi, konzati inogona kunzi kuberekwa kwerudzi rwemumhanzi weavant-garde, uyo wakatanga kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.

maka

RCA (Radio Corporation yeAmerica) yakaita kuyedza kwekutanga kugadzira masynthesizer angave nhanho yekumberi kubva kuHammond organ, asi mamodheru akagadzirwa nemubatanidzwa. maka I и maka II haina kuhwina kubudirira nekuda, zvakare, kurwara kwezvinhu zvese zvemagetsi zvenguva iyoyo - zviyero (iyo synthesizer yakatora imba yese!) Uye mitengo yezvenyeredzi, zvisinei, yakanyatsova chiitiko chitsva mukuvandudzwa kweinzwi synthesis tekinoroji.

minimoog

Zvinoita sekunge budiriro yave kuzara, asi mainjiniya achiri kutadza kuita kuti chishandiso chive nyore uye chisingadhure kudzamara vasvika pakushanda John Moog, muridzi wekambani inogadzira theremins yaunotoziva, uyo, pakupedzisira, neimwe nzira akaunza. iyo synthesizer iri pedyo nevanhuwo zvavo.

Mug akakwanisa kubvisa zvikanganiso zvese zveprototypes nekugadzira minimoog - chiridzwa chechokwadi chechiratidzo chakasimudzira rudzi rwemimhanzi yemagetsi. Yaive compact, mutengo, kunyangwe ichidhura - $ 1500, asi iyi ndiyo yekutanga synthesizer ine mazero maviri pakupera kwemutengo.

Uye zvakare, Minimoog aive neruzha rwunofarirwa nevaimbi nanhasi - rakajeka uye rakakora, uye, chii chinonyanya kusekesa, mukana uyu mhedzisiro yekukanganisa: iyo synthesizer haina kukwanisa kuchengeta sisitimu kwenguva yakareba. kune kumwe kukanganisa kwehunyanzvi. Zvimwe zvipingamupinyi ndezvekuti chiridzwa chaive monophonic, ndiko kuti, chaigona kungoona kanoti kakadzvanywa paibhodhi (kureva kuti, pakanga pasina mukana wekutamba chords), uye zvakare yakanga isinganzwisisi simba rekudzvanya kiyi.

Asi zvese izvi panguva iyoyo zvakabhadharwa nemhando yepamusoro yeruzha, iyo ichiri kutaurwa nevaimbi vemagetsi (vamwe, iva nechokwadi, vakagadzirira kutengesa mweya yavo kune imwecheteyo yepakutanga Minimoog), uye nemikana yakafara yechokwadi yekugadziridza inzwi. Iyo purojekiti yakabudirira zvekuti kwenguva yakareba moog raive zita remhuri: kutaura izwi rekuti moog raireva chero synthesizer, kwete iyi chaiyo kambani.

1960-e

Kubva kumavambo ekuma1960, makambani mazhinji akaonekwa, rimwe nerimwe rakaveza niche yaro mukugadzira masynthesizer: Sequential nematunhu, E-mu, Roland, arp, Korg, Oberheim, uye iyi haisi iyo rondedzero yese. Analog synthesizer haasati achinja zvakanyanya kubva ipapo, achiri kufarirwa uye anodhura zvakanyanya - iwo mamodheru aive emhando yemhando yemasynthesizer yatakajaira.

Nenzira, vagadziri veSoviet havana kusarira kumashure: muUSSR, zvinenge zvinhu zvese zvaingogadzirwa mudzimba, uye zviridzwa zvaive zvisina mutsauko (kunyangwe mumwe munhu akakwanisa kutakura magitare ekunze mumakopi ega, zvaive zvakare pamutemo kutenga zviridzwa kubva. nyika dzakabatana dzeWarsaw Pact - Czechoslovak Muzima kana Bulgarian Orpheus, asi izvi zvakangoshanda kumagetsi uye magitare ebhasi). Soviet synthesizer inonakidza kwazvo maererano nezwi, iyo USSR yakatova neyayo maestro emimhanzi yemagetsi, senge, semuenzaniso, Eduard Artemiev. The most popular series were Aelita, Youth,  lol, Electronics EM.

Zvisinei, nyika, pamusoro pekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, zvakare inotungamirwa nefashoni, uye maererano nehunyanzvi, inonyanya kuenderana nekushanduka kwayo. Uye, zvinosuruvarisa kana rombo rakanaka, asi kwenguva yakati kufarira mumhanzi wemagetsi kwakadzikira, uye kuvandudzwa kwemamodheru matsva evagadziri kwakava kusiri iro rinobatsira zvakanyanya basa.

New Wave (New Wave)

Asi, sezvatinoyeuka, fashoni ine peculiarity yekuchinjana - panguva yekutanga kwe80s, bhobho yemagetsi yakangoerekana yauya zvakare. Panguva ino, zvemagetsi zvakange zvisisiri chimwe chinhu chekuyedza (seye purojekiti yeGerman ye1970s Kraftwerk), asi, zvinopesana, yakava chiitiko chakakurumbira, chinonzi. New wave (New Wave).

Paive nemapoka ane mukurumbira pasi rose akadai saDuran Duran, Depeche Mode, Pet Shop Boys, A-ha, ane mimhanzi yakavakirwa pane synthesizer, rudzi urwu rwakatozogadzirwa uye, pamwe chete narwo, zita rekuti synth-pop.

Vaimbi vemapoka akadaro pakutanga vakashandisa synthesizer chete, dzimwe nguva vachivaderedza nekurira kwegitare. Kuumbwa kwevatatu keyboardist (uye vaive neanopfuura imwe synthesizer imwe neimwe), chigubhu muchina uye vocalist yave yakajairika, kunyangwe kana musiki weTellarmonium akanzwa nezvazvo, kushamisika kwake kungadai kusina miganhu. Yakanga iri nguva yekutamba mimhanzi, nguva ye techno neimba, kuberekwa kwechimiro chitsva zvachose.

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)

Zvese izvi zvakapa simba idzva rekusimudza tekinoroji yatove huruva. Nekudaro, matekinoroji eanalog ari pazvitsitsinho zvenguva yedhijitari, ndiko kubuda kweiyo fomati. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface). Izvi zvakateverwa nekubuda kwemasamplers, ayo wawaigona kurekodha wakasununguka manzwi aunoda, wobva waatamba uchidzoka uchishandisa. MIDI keyboards. Kuvandudzwa kweMIDI interfaces kwakakwira zvakanyanya zvekuti munguva yedu, musimboti, zvatove zvakakwana kungova nekhibhodi chete, iyo, kana ichienzaniswa nemamodheru eanalog, inodhura chero chinhu. Inogona kubatanidzwa nekombuta (asi komputa inofanirwa kunge ine simba rakakwana) uye, mushure memamwe mashandisirwo ari nyore, ridza mimhanzi uchishandisa yakakosha. VST-mapurogiramu (Virtual Studio Technology).

Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti mhando dzekare dzichapinda mukukanganwa, nokuti piyano haina kutambura nedambudziko rakafanana, handizvo here? Vaimbi vezvemagetsi ehunyanzvi vanokoshesa analogue zvakanyanya uye vanotenda kuti ruzha rwedhijitari ruchiri kure zvakanyanya kubva pamhando, uye avo vanoshandisa VST vanotariswa nekuzvidzwa kushoma ...

Nekudaro, tichienzanisa kuti yakakura sei kuvandudza tekinoroji yedhijitari yakaenda mberi uye kuti yakakura sei ruzha rwemhando, saka, kazhinji, zviridzwa zveanalogi zvichashandiswa kakawanda zvishoma, kunyangwe ikozvino iwe unogona kazhinji kuona keyboardists vachitamba nemalaptops padivi pavo. pamakonzati - kufambira mberi, sezvatinoona, hakuzombomire.

Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti, pamusoro pekuvandudza kunaka uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunzwika, mitengo yaimbove yekuongorora nyeredzi ikozvino yave nyore kutenga. Saka, izvo zvinochipa zvakachipa zvinogadzira zvinonzwika zvakashata kupfuura Walpurgis Night uye zvisingaite kune simba rekudzvanya kiyi zvinodhura madhora makumi mashanu. Elite synthesizers a la Moog Voyager Xl inogona kudhura kubva ku50 $, uye muchokwadi mutengo wavo unogona kukura nekusingaperi kana iwe, semuenzaniso, Jean-Michel Jarre uye kugadzira chishandiso kuodha. Zvinogoneka kuti ndiri kuenda mberi kwangu zvishoma, asi ndinoda kukukurudzira pamberi, kana iwe uchida kutenga synthesizer, usachengetedze mari: kazhinji chiridzwa chinobva muchikamu chiri pasi pemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu hachizofadze iwe ne ruzha rwakanaka, rwunotonyanya kurova chero chishuwo chekudzidza uye kutamba pachiri.

Ndinovimba wakanakidzwa nazvo. Rangarira kuti pasina kuziva nhoroondo, hazvibviri kugadzira ramangwana!

Kana iwe usati waverenga chinyorwa pamusoro pekusarudza kwakakodzera piyano yemagetsi, unogona kuzviita izvozvi nekudzvanya pane chinongedzo.

Vhidhiyo pazasi inoratidza kuratidzwa kweMini Virtual Studio: