Bassoon: chii, ruzha, mhando, chimiro, nhoroondo

Zuva chairo rekuzvarwa kwebassoon harisati ramiswa, asi chiridzwa ichi chemimhanzi chinobva kuMiddle Ages. Pasinei nekwakabva kare, ichiri kufarirwa nhasi, chinhu chinokosha che symphony uye mabhendi endarira.

Chii chinonzi bassoon

Bassoon ndeyeboka rezviridzwa zvinofuridza. Zita rake ndiItaly, rinoshandurwa se "bundle", "knot", "bundle rehuni". Kunze, inoratidzika kunge yakakombama zvishoma, yakareba chubhu, yakashongedzerwa neyakaoma valve system, kaviri nzimbe.

Iyo timbre yebassoon inoonekwa seyakajeka, yakafumiswa nepamusoro-soro muhuwandu hwese. Kazhinji, 2 marejista anoshanda - pasi, pakati (yepamusoro ishoma mukudiwa: manotsi anomanikidzirwa, tense, nasal).

Kureba kwebassoon yakajairwa ndeye 2,5 metres, huremu hunenge 3 kg. Zvinhu zvekugadzira huni, uye kwete chero, asi chete maple.

Chimiro chebassoon

Iyo dhizaini ine 4 zvikamu zvikuru:

• ibvi rezasi, iro rinonziwo "bhutsu", "trunk";
• ibvi duku;
• ibvi guru;
• kugurwa.

Chimiro chacho chinokoromoka. Chikamu chakakosha igirazi kana "es" - simbi yakakomberedzwa chubhu inotambanukira kubva paibvi diki, yakafanana neS mumutsara. Kaviri tsanga nzimbe inoiswa pamusoro pegirazi - chinhu chinoshanda kuburitsa ruzha.

Mhosva yacho inoshongedzerwa nenhamba yakawanda yemakomba (25-30 zvidimbu): nealternately kuvhura nekuvhara iwo, muimbi anochinja kurira. Hazvibviri kudzora maburi ose: muiti anonyatsopindirana nevakawanda vavo, mamwe ose anotungamirirwa nemaitiro akaoma.

sounding

Ruzha rwebassoon rwakanyanya kushamisa, saka chiridzwa hachina kuvimbwa nacho chega zvikamu muochestra. Asi mune mwero doses, kana zvichidikanwa kusimbisa nuances yebasa, inonyanya kukosha.

Mune rejista yakaderera, ruzha rwakafanana nekugunun'una kwakaoma; kana ukaikwidza zvishoma, unowana chinangwa chinosuwisa, chine rwiyo; zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvinopiwa kune chiridzwa nekuoma, zvinonzwika zvisinganzwisisi.

Huwandu hwebassoon hunosvika 3,5 octaves. Rejista yega yega inoratidzwa neinoshamisira timbre: regi rezasi rine akapinza, akapfuma, "mhangura" inonzwika, yepakati ine yakapfava, inonzwika, yakatenderedzwa. Manzwi erejitari yepamusoro anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kashoma: anowana ruvara rwemhino, ruzha rwakamanikidzwa, rwakaoma kuita.

Nhoroondo yechishandiso

Tateguru akananga mudziyo wekare wekare wehuni, bombarda. Kuve yakawandisa, yakaoma mukugadzirisa, yakaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kushandisa, yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvayo.

Kuchinja kwakave nemigumisiro inobatsira kwete chete pakufamba kwechiridzwa, asi pakurira kwayo: timbre yakava yakanyorova, yakanyorova, yakabatana. Iyo itsva yakagadzirwa yakatanga kunzi "dulciano" (yakashandurwa kubva kuItaly - "nyoro").

Mienzaniso yekutanga yebassoons yakapiwa nemavharuvhu matatu, muzana remakore re XVIII nhamba yevhavha yakawedzera kusvika mashanu. Muzana remakore rechi11 ndiyo nguva yekuzivikanwa kukuru kwechiridzwa. Iyo modhi yakagadziridzwa zvakare: XNUMX mavharuvhu akaonekwa pamuviri. Bassoon yakava chikamu che orchestras, vaimbi vakakurumbira, vanyori vakanyora mabasa, maitiro ayo aisanganisira kutora kwake zvakananga. Vamwe vavo ndiA. Vivaldi, W. Mozart, J. Haydn.

Vatenzi vakaita mupiro unokosha mukuvandudzwa kwebassoon varidzi vebhendi nebasa K. Almenderer, I. Haeckel. Muzana ramakore rechi 17, mhizha dzakagadzira XNUMX-valve modhi, iyo yakazove hwaro hwekugadzira maindasitiri.

Chinhu chinonakidza: pakutanga maple huni yakashanda sechinhu, tsika iyi haina kuchinjwa kusvika nhasi. Zvinotendwa kuti bassoon yakagadzirwa nemaple ndiyo yakanakisa kurira. Kusarudzika ndiyo mhando dzedzidzo dzezvikoro zvemimhanzi zvakagadzirwa nepurasitiki.

Muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, repertoire yechiridzwa chakawedzera: vakatanga kunyora vega zvikamu, makonsati ayo, uye akaisanganisira mu symphony orchestra. Nhasi, kunze kwevatambi vekare, iri kushingaira kushandiswa nejazzmen.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzebassoon

Paive nemhando nhatu, asi mhando imwe chete iri kudiwa nevaimbi vemazuva ano.

1. Quartfagot. Yakasiyana mukukura kwakawedzera. Zvinyorwa zvake zvakanga zvakanyorwa sebherosiwo zvayo, asi zvainzwika kureba kupfuura zvakanyorwa.
2. Quint bassoon (bassoon). Yakanga iine saizi duku, yainzwika kumusoro kwechishanu pane zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa.
3. Contrabassoon. Variant inoshandiswa nevanoda mimhanzi yemazuva ano.

Play technique

Kuridza bassoon hakusi nyore: muimbi anoshandisa maoko ose, zvigunwe zvose - izvi hazvidiwi nedzimwe chiridzwa che orchestral. Zvinozodawo basa rekufema: kuchinjika kwechikero ndima, kushandiswa kwekusvetuka kwakasiyana-siyana, arpeggios, mazwi enziyo ekufema kwepakati.

Zana ramakore rechiXNUMX rakapfumisa nzira yekutamba nehunyanzvi hutsva:

• kaviri stokatto;
• triple stockatto;
• frulatto;
• tremolo;
• inzwi rechitatu, kota-toni;
• multiphonics.

Nziyo dzeSolo dzakaonekwa mumimhanzi, dzakanyorerwa ma bassoonists.

Vatambi Vakakurumbira

Kuzivikanwa kwe counterbassoon hakuna kufanana, semuenzaniso, pianoforte. Uye zvakadaro kune vassoonists vakanyora mazita avo munhoroondo yemimhanzi, avo vakave nyanzvi dzinozivikanwa dzekuridza chiridzwa ichi chakaoma. Rimwe remazita nderenyika yedu.

1. VS Popov. Purofesa, munyori wenhoroondo, tenzi we virtuoso kutamba. Akashanda nevanotungamira pasi rose orchestra uye chamber ensembles. Yakasimudza chizvarwa chinotevera chevassoonists vakawana budiriro yakatanhamara. Ndiye munyori wezvinyorwa zvesainzi, nhungamiro pakutamba zviridzwa zvemhepo.
2. K. Thunemann. German bassoonist. Kwenguva yakareba akadzidza kuridza piyano, akazofarira bassoon. Aive principal bassoonist weHamburg Symphony Orchestra. Nhasi anoshingaira kudzidzisa, anoitisa konzati mabasa, anoita solo, anopa tenzi makirasi.
3. M. Turkovich. Muimbi weAustria. Akasvika pakakwirira paunyanzvi, akagamuchirwa muVienna Symphony Orchestra. Ndiye muridzi wemazuva ano uye ekare mienzaniso yechiridzwa. Anodzidzisa, anoshanya, anorekodha makonzati.
4. L. Sharrow. American, mukuru bassoonist weChicago, ipapo Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestras.

Bassoon chiridzwa chisingazivikanwe kuruzhinji. Asi izvi hazviiti kuti zvisanyanya kukodzera kutariswa, asi, pane zvinopesana: zvichave zvinobatsira kune chero mimhanzi connoisseur kudzidza zvakawanda nezvake.