Antonio Vivaldi |

Antonio Vivaldi

Mumwe wevamiririri vakuru venguva yeBaroque, A. Vivaldi akapinda munhoroondo yetsika dzemimhanzi semusiki wemhando yeinstrumental concerto, muvambi wemimhanzi yechirongwa che orchestral. Uduku hwaVivaldi hwakabatana neVenice, uko baba vake vakashanda seviolinist muCathedral yeSt. Mhuri iyi yaive nevana 6, Antonio aive mukuru wavo. Ikoko kunenge kusina tsanangudzo pamusoro pemakore ehuduku hwemunyori. Zvinongozivikanwa kuti akadzidza kuridza violin uye harpsichord.

Pana September 18, 1693, Vivaldi akagadzwa kuva mumongi, uye pana March 23, 1703, akagadzwa somupristi. Panguva imwecheteyo, jaya rakaramba richigara pamba (zvichida nekuda kwechirwere chakakomba), izvo zvakamupa mukana wokusasiya zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi. Nerudzi rwebvudzi rake, Vivaldi akatumidzwa zita rekuti "mumongi mutsvuku." Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kare mumakore aya akanga asinganyanyi kushingairira mabasa ake somufundisi. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinodzokorora nyaya yacho (zvichida isingavimbiki, asi ichizarura) pamusoro pekuti rimwe zuva panguva yebasa, "mumongi ane bvudzi dzvuku" akakurumidza kubva paatari kuti anyore dingindira refugue, iro rakangoerekana raitika kwaari. Chero zvazvingava, hukama hwaVivaldi nevafundisi vakaenderera mberi vachipisa, uye munguva pfupi iye, achitaura nezvehutano hwake husina kunaka, akaramba pachena kupemberera misa.

MunaGunyana 1703, Vivaldi akatanga kushanda semudzidzisi (maestro di violino) munzvimbo inochengeterwa nherera yeVenetian "Pio Ospedale delia Pieta". Mabasa ake aisanganisira kudzidza kuridza violin uye viola d'amore, pamwe nekutarisa kuchengetedzwa kwezviridzwa zvine tambo uye kutenga maviolin matsva. "Masevhisi" pa "Pieta" (anogona kunzi makonzati) aive pakati pekutariswa kwevanhu vakavhenekerwa veVenetian. Nezvikonzero zvehupfumi, muna 1709 Vivaldi akadzingwa, asi muna 1711-16. akadzorerwa pachinzvimbo chimwe chete, uye kubva muna Chivabvu 1716 akange atove mutungamiriri wekoniti yePieta orchestra.

Kunyangwe pamberi pekugadzwa kutsva, Vivaldi akazvisimbisa kwete semudzidzisi chete, asiwo semunyori (kunyanya munyori wenziyo dzinoyera). Mukufambirana nebasa rake paPieta, Vivaldi ari kutsvaga mikana yekuburitsa zvinyorwa zvake zvekunyika. 12 vatatu sonatas op. 1 yakabudiswa muna 1706; mu1711 iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa muunganidzwa weviolin concertos "Harmonic Inspiration" op. 3; muna 1714 - imwe muunganidzwa inonzi "Extravagance" op. 4. Makonzati eviolin aVivaldi akabva atanga kuzivikanwa zvikuru muWestern Europe uye kunyanya muGermany. Fariro huru mavari yakaratidzwa naI. Quantz, I. Mattheson, Mukuru JS Bach “nokuda kwomufarwa nomurayiridzo” iye pachake akaronga makonzati 9 e<em>violin naVivaldi nokuda kwe<em>clavier neogani. Mumakore mamwechete, Vivaldi akanyora maopera ake okutanga Otto (1713), Orlando (1714), Nero (1715). Muna 1718-20. anogara kuMantua, kwaanonyanyo nyora maopera emwaka wecarnival, pamwe nenziyo dzinoridzwa dzedare reMantua ducal.

Muna 1725, imwe yevanyori vane mukurumbira yakabuda mukudhinda, ine subtitle "The Experience of Harmony and Invention" (p. 8). Kufanana neaya apfuura, muunganidzwa unogadzirwa neviolin concertos (kune gumi nemaviri pano). Makonzati mana ekutanga eiyi opus anonzi nemunyori, zvichiteerana, "Spring", "Zhizha", "Autumn" uye "Winter". Muchiito chemazuva ano chekuita, ivo vanowanzobatanidzwa muchikamu che "Mwaka" (hapana musoro wakadaro mune yekutanga). Sezviri pachena, Vivaldi haana kugutsikana nemari yaakawana pakubudiswa kwekonzati dzake, uye muna 12 akaudza mumwe mufambi wechiRungu E. Holdsworth nezvevavariro yake yokusiya mamwe mabhuku, sezvo, kusiyana nemanyoro akadhindwa, makopi akanyorwa nemaoko aidhura zvikuru. Muchokwadi, kubva ipapo, hapana matsva ekutanga opuss naVivaldi akaonekwa.

Kunonoka 20s - 30s. inowanzonzi "makore ekufamba" (inodiwa kuVienna nePrague). Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1735, Vivaldi akadzokera kubasa remukuru wechikwata chePieta orchestra, asi dare rinodzora harina kufarira kuda kufamba kwewaaishandira, uye muna 1738 munyori wacho akadzingwa basa. Panguva imwecheteyo, Vivaldi akaenderera mberi achishanda nesimba mumhando ye opera (mumwe wevakasununguka vake aiva akakurumbira C. Goldoni), apo aida kubatanidzwa pachake mukugadzirwa. Zvisinei, mitambo yeopera yaVivaldi haina kunyanya kubudirira, kunyanya mushure mokunge munyori wacho anyimwa mukana wekuita semutungamiriri wemitambo yake paFerrara theatre nekuda kwekurambidzwa kwekadhinari kupinda muguta (muimbi wacho akapomerwa mhosva yekudanana naye. Anna Giraud, aimbova mudzidzi wake, uye achiramba "mumongi ane bvudzi dzvuku" kupemberera misa). Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo opera yekutanga muFerrara yakakundikana.

Muna 1740, nguva pfupi asati afa, Vivaldi akaenda parwendo rwake rwokupedzisira kuVienna. Zvikonzero zvekuenda kwake kamwe kamwe hazvina kujeka. Akafira mumba mechirikadzi yomugari wemuViennese ainzi Waller uye akavigwa nenzira yokupemha. Nokukurumidza pashure porufu rwake, zita ratenzi akatanhamara rakakanganwika. Anenge makore 200 gare gare, muma20s. Muzana remakore rechi300 nyanzvi yemimhanzi yekuItaly A. Gentili akawana muunganidzwa wakasiyana-siyana wezvinyorwa zvemunyori (19 concertos, 1947 opera, nziyo dzemweya uye dzenyika). Kubva panguva ino inotanga rumutsiriro rwechokwadi rwekare kubwinya kweVivaldi. Muna 700, iyo Ricordi mimhanzi yekudhinda imba yakatanga kuburitsa mabasa akazara emunyori, uye kambani yePhilips ichangotanga kuita chirongwa chakaenzana chakakura - kuburitswa kwe "vose" Vivaldi parekodhi. Munyika yedu, Vivaldi ndomumwe weanowanzoitwa uye anodiwa vanyori. Iyo yekusika nhaka yeVivaldi yakakura. Zvinoenderana neane mvumo thematic-systematic catalogue yaPeter Ryom (yepasirese zita - RV), inovhara anopfuura mazana mashanu mazita. Nzvimbo huru mubasa reVivaldi yakagarwa nekonsari yezviridzwa (yakakwana inenge 500 yakachengetedzwa). Chiridzwa chainyanya kufarirwa nomuimbi chaiva violin (makonsati anenge 230). Mukuwedzera, akanyora concertos maviri, matatu uye mana violin ane orchestra uye basso enderera, concertos for viola d'amour, cello, mandolin, longitudinal uye transverse nyere, oboe, bassoon. Anopfuura makumi mana makontikiti etambo orchestra uye basso inoenderera, sonatas yezviridzwa zvakasiyana inozivikanwa. Pakati peanopfuura 60 operas (kunyora kweVivaldi maererano neiyo yakasimbiswa nechokwadi), iyo hafu yehafu chete yakasara yakapona. Zvisinganyanyi kufarirwa (asi zvisinganyanyi kunakidza) ndezvake zvakawanda zvekuimba - cantatas, oratorios, anoshanda pamagwaro emweya (mapisarema, litanies, "Gloria", nezvimwewo).

Mazhinji ezviridzwa zveVivaldi ane zvinyorwa zvidiki. Vamwe vavo vanotaura mutambi wokutanga (Carbonelli Concerto, RV 366), vamwe kumutambo panguva iyo iyi kana kuti kuumbwa kwakatanga kuitwa (Pamutambo weSt. Lorenzo, RV 286). Zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka zvinonongedza kune imwe isingawanzo ziviso yemaitiro ekuita (mukonsati inonzi "L'ottavina", RV 763, maviolin ese ega anofanirwa kuridzwa muoctave yepamusoro). Misoro inonyanyozivikanwa inotaridza hunhu huripo ndeinoti "Zororo", "Kushushikana", "Kufungira" kana "Harmonic Kufemerwa", "Zither" (maviri ekupedzisira mazita ekuunganidzwa kweviolin concertos). Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyange mumabasa aya ane mazita anoita seanoratidza nguva dzekunze dzemifananidzo ("Dutu paGungwa", "Goldfinch", "Kuvhima", nezvimwewo), chinhu chikuru chemunyori nguva dzose kutumirwa kwezwi guru. mood. Chibodzwa cheThe Four Seasons chinopihwa chirongwa chine hudzamu. Nechekare mukati mehupenyu hwake, Vivaldi akave nemukurumbira semuzivi akatanhamara weorchestra, muvambi wemavara mazhinji emhedzisiro, akaita zvakawanda kukudziridza nzira yekuridza violin.

S. Lebedev

Mabasa anoshamisa aA. Vivaldi ane mukurumbira mukuru, pasi rose. Mazuva ano ensembles ane mukurumbira anopedza manheru kubasa rake (Moscow Chamber Orchestra inotungamirirwa naR. Barshai, Roman Virtuosos, nezvimwewo) uye, zvichida, mushure meBach naHandel, Vivaldi ndiye anonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevanyori venguva yemimhanzi yebaroque. Nhasi zvinoita sekunge awana hupenyu hwechipiri.

Akanakidzwa nemukurumbira wakakura munguva yehupenyu hwake, aive mugadziri wekonti yezviridzwa ega. Kuvandudzwa kweiyi genre munyika dzose panguva yose yepreclassical nguva inobatanidzwa nebasa raVivaldi. Concertos yaVivaldi yakashanda semuenzaniso weBach, Locatelli, Tartini, Leclerc, Benda nevamwe. Bach akaronga 6 concertos ye violin naVivaldi ye clavier, akagadzira organ concerto kubva pa2 uye akagadzirisa imwe ye4 claviers.

"Panguva iyo Bach aive muWeimar, nyika yese yemimhanzi yakayemura mavambo emakonzati ekupedzisira (kureva, Vivaldi. - LR). Bach akanyora maconcerto eVivaldi kuti asaite kuti asvike kune veruzhinji, uye kwete kuti adzidze kubva kwavari, asi chete nekuti zvaimupa mufaro. Pasina mubvunzo, akabatsirwa naVivaldi. Akadzidza kubva kwaari kujeka uye kuwirirana kwekuvaka. yakakwana violin tekinoroji yakavakirwa pakunaka. ”…

Nekudaro, kuve yakakurumbira muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, Vivaldi yakazoda kukanganwika. “Pashure porufu rwaCorelli,” anonyora kudaro Pencherl, “yeuko yake yakawedzera kusimba nokunatsiridzwa mumakore ose apfuura, Vivaldi, uyo akanga ane mukurumbira muduku zvikuru muupenyu hwake, akanyangarika chaizvoizvo pashure pamakore mashomanene mashomanene mune zvokunyama nomumudzimu. . Zvisikwa zvake zvinosiya zvirongwa, kunyange zvimiro zvechimiro chake zvinodzimwa mundangariro. Nezve nzvimbo uye zuva rekufa kwake, kwaingova nekufungidzira. Kwenguva yakareba, maduramazwi anodzokorora ruzivo rudiki pamusoro pake, akazadzwa nenzvimbo dzakajairwa uye azere nezvikanganiso ..».

Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, Vivaldi aingofarira vanyori vezvakaitika kare. Muzvikoro zvemimhanzi, pamatanho ekutanga edzidzo, 1-2 yemakonzati ake akadzidzwa. Pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, kutarisa kubasa rake kwakawedzera nekukurumidza, uye kufarira chokwadi chebiography yake kwakawedzera. Asi tichiri kuziva zvishoma nezvake.

Pfungwa pamusoro penhaka yake, iyo yakawanda yakaramba iri murima, yakanga isina kururama zvachose. Chete muna 1927-1930, munyori weTurin uye muongorori Alberto Gentili akakwanisa kuwana nezve 300 (!) Vivaldi autographs, iyo yaiva pfuma yemhuri yeDurazzo uye yakachengetwa muimba yavo yeGenoese. Pakati peaya manyoro pane 19 operas, oratorio uye akati wandei mavhoriyamu echechi uye echiridzwa mabasa naVivaldi. Muunganidzwa uyu wakavambwa naPrince Giacomo Durazzo, philanthropist, kubva muna 1764, mumiriri weAustria muVenice, uko, kunze kwezviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika, aiita zvekuunganidza sampuli dzehunyanzvi.

Zvinoenderana nechido chaVivaldi, ivo vaisafanira kuburitswa, asi Gentili vakachengetedza kutamiswa kwavo kuNational Library uye nekudaro vakazviita pachena. Musayendisiti wokuAustria Walter Kollender akatanga kuvadzidza, achipikisa kuti Vivaldi akanga ari makumi anoverengeka emakore mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi yeEurope mukushandiswa kwemasimba uye nzira dzeunyanzvi dzekuridza violin.

Maererano nezvino data, zvinozivikanwa kuti Vivaldi akanyora 39 operas, 23 cantatas, 23 symphonies, dzakawanda chechi nziyo, 43 arias, 73 sonatas (vatatu uye solo), 40 concerti grossi; 447 solo concerto dzezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana: 221 yeviolin, 20 yecello, 6 yeviol damour, 16 yenyere, 11 yeoboe, 38 yebassoon, concertos yemandolin, nyanga, bhosvo uye yezvakasanganiswa nziyo: matanda ane violin, ye2 -x maviolin nembira, 2 nyere, oboe, Chirungu nyanga, 2 mabhosvo, violin, 2 violas, bow quartet, 2 cembalos, nezvimwewo.

Zuva rekuzvarwa raVivaldi chairo harizivikanwe. Pencherle anopa chete zuva rakaenzana - zvishoma kare kupfuura 1678. Baba vake Giovanni Battista Vivaldi vaiva violinist mu ducal chapel yeSt. Mark muVenice, uye mutambi wekirasi yekutanga. Sezvingabvira, mwanakomana akawana dzidzo yeviolin kubva kuna baba vake, iye achidzidzira kuumbwa naGiovanni Legrenzi, aitungamira chikoro cheVenetian violin muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, aive muimbi ane mukurumbira, kunyanya mundima yemimhanzi yeorchestra. Sezviri pachena kubva kwaari Vivaldi akagara nhaka chido chekuedza nemitambo yezviridzwa.

Achiri mudiki, Vivaldi akapinda muchechi imwe chete iyo baba vake vakashanda semutungamiri, uye gare gare vakamutsiva munzvimbo iyi.

Nekudaro, basa rehunyanzvi hwekuimba rakakurumidza kuwedzerwa neremweya - Vivaldi akava muprista. Izvi zvakaitika musi waSeptember 18, 1693. Kusvikira muna 1696, akanga ari munharaunda yejunior yemweya, uye akagamuchira kodzero dzakakwana dzeupristi musi waMarch 23, 1703. "Red-haired pop" - kunyombwa kunonzi Vivaldi muVenice, uye zita remadunhurirwa iri rakaramba riinaye munguva yose. hupenyu hwake.

Agamuchira hufundisi, Vivaldi haana kurega zvidzidzo zvake zvokuimba. Kazhinji, akanga achiita basa rechechi kwenguva pfupi - gore rimwe chete, mushure mokunge arambidzwa kushumira ruzhinji. Vanyori voupenyu hwavo vanopa tsananguro inosetsa nokuda kweiri idi: “Pane imwe nguva Vivaldi akanga achibatira Misa, uye kamwe kamwe musoro we<em>fugue wakauya mundangariro yake; achisiya atari, anoenda kutemberi kunonyora dingindira iri, odzokera kuatari. Kushurikidzwa kwakatevera, asi Bvunzurudzo, ichimurangarira kuva muimbi, ndiko kuti, sokunge anopenga, yakangoganhurira amene bedzi kumurambidza kupfuurira kubatira misa.

Vivaldi akaramba nyaya dzakadaro uye akatsanangura kurambidzwa kweminamato yechechi nemamiriro ake anorwadza. Pakazosvika 1737, paakanga ava kuda kusvika muFerrara kuti aite imwe yemitambo yake, mumiriri wepapa Ruffo akamurambidza kupinda muguta, achiisa mberi, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, kuti haana kushumira Misa. Ipapo Vivaldi akatumira tsamba (Mbudzi. 16, 1737) kumutsigiri wake, Marquis Guido Bentivoglio: “Kwemakore makumi maviri namashanu zvino ndave ndisiri kubatira Misa uye handisati ndichizotongoibatira munguva yemberi, asi kwete kupfurikidza nokurambidza, sezvinogona kushumwa kunyasha dzenyu, asi nokuda kwangu. sarudzo yangu, yakakonzerwa nechirwere chave chichindidzvanyirira kubva zuva randakaberekwa. Pandakagadzwa somupristi, ndaichengeta Misa kwegore kana kuti zvishoma, ipapo ndakairega, ndichimanikidzirwa kubuda paatari katatu, ndisingaipedzi nemhaka yokurwara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ndinenge ndichigara pamba uye ndinofamba chete mungoro kana gondola, nekuti handigone kufamba nekuda kwechirwere chechipfuva, kana kuti chipfuva chakasimba. Hapana kana muchinda mumwe chete anondidana kumba kwake, kana muchinda wedu, nekuti vanhu vese vanoziva nezvehurwere hwangu. Mushure mekudya, ndinogona kazhinji kufamba, asi kwete netsoka. Ndicho chikonzero nei ndisingatumi Misa.” Tsamba iyi inoda kuziva nekuti ine zvimwe zvemazuva ese zvehupenyu hwaVivaldi, izvo sezviri pachena zvakaenderera nenzira yakavharwa mukati memiganhu yeimba yake.

Akamanikidzwa kusiya basa rake rechechi, munaSeptember 1703 Vivaldi akapinda mune imwe yeVenetian conservatories, inonzi Musical Seminary yeHospice House of Piety, nokuda kwechinzvimbo che "violin maestro", ine zvinyorwa zve60 ducats pagore. Mumazuva iwayo, misha yenherera (zvipatara) mumachechi yainzi maconservatories. MuVenice maive mana evasikana, muNaples mana evakomana.

Mufambi weFrance ane mukurumbira de Brosse akasiya tsananguro inotevera yeVenetian conservatories: “Mimhanzi yezvipatara yakanaka kwazvo pano. Vane vana, uye vakazadzwa nevasikana vasiri pamutemo, pamwe chete nenherera kana vasingakwanisi kurera vabereki vavo. Vanosimudzwa nemari yehurumende uye vanodzidziswa kunyanya mimhanzi. Vanoimba sengirozi, vanoridza violin, nyere, organ, oboe, cello, bassoon, neshoko, hakuna chiridzwa chakakura kudaro chingavatyisa. Vasikana makumi mana vanopinda mukonzati yega yega. Ndinopika kwamuri, hapana chinhu chinofadza kupfuura kuona sisita wechidiki uye akanaka, akapfeka nguo chena, ane maruva emaruva emapomegranate munzeve dzake, achirova nguva nenyasha dzose uye nemazvo.

Akanyora nechido nezve mimhanzi yeconservatories (kunyanya pasi peMendicanti - chechi ye mendicant) J.-J. Rousseau: “Pamisi yeSvondo mumachechi eimwe neimwe yeaya maScuoles mana, mukati meVespers, nekwaya yakazara neorchestra, nziyo dzinoumbwa nevanyori vakurusa veItaly, munhungamiro yavo vamene, dzinoitwa bedzi navasikana vaduku, vakurusa vavo. haana kana makore makumi maviri. Vari mumastands kuseri kwembariro. Ini kana Carrio handina kumbopotsa maVespers aya paMendicanti. Asi ndakasundwa kuora mwoyo neaya mazariro akatukwa, ayo aipinza manzwi bedzi ndokuvanza zviso zvengirozi dzorunako rwaifanirwa namanzwi aya. Ndakangotaura nezvazvo. Pane imwe nguva ndakataura chinhu chimwe chete kuna Mr. de Blond.

De Blon, aive wehutongi hwenzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu, akasuma Rousseau kuvaimbi. “Huya, Sophia,” aityisa. “Huya, Kattina,” akanga akakombama muziso rimwe chete. “Huya, Bettina,” chiso chake chakanga chakanganiswa nechibhokisi. Zvisinei, “kushata hakusanganisi runako, uye vainarwo,” Rousseau anowedzera.

Achipinda muConservatory of Piety, Vivaldi akawana mukana wekushanda neochestra yakazara (ine ndarira uye ogani) yaiwanika imomo, iyo yainzi ndiyo yakanakisisa muVenice.

NezveVenice, hupenyu hwayo hwemumhanzi uye hwemitambo uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvinogona kutariswa neinotevera mitsetse yemoyo yaRomain Rolland: "Venice panguva iyoyo yaive guta guru remimhanzi reItari. Ikoko, panguva yecarnival, manheru ega ega maiitwa mudzimba nomwe dzeopera. Manheru oga oga Academy of Music yakasangana, ndiko kuti, kwaiva nemusangano wemimhanzi, dzimwe nguva kwaiva nemisangano miviri kana mitatu yakadaro manheru. Mhemberero dzenziyo dzaiitika mumakereke mazuva ese, makonzati anotora maawa akati wandei achitora chikamu cheochestra akati wandei, nhengo dzakati wandei nemakwaya akati wandei anopindirana. Migovera neSvondo, mavheiri ane mukurumbira aipiwa muzvipatara, munzvimbo idzodzo dzevakadzi, umo nherera, vasikana vanowana, kana kuti vasikana bedzi vane manzwi akaisvonaka vaidzidziswa nziyo; vakapa orchestral uye vocal concerts, iyo iyo Venice yese yakapenga ..».

Pakupera kwegore rekutanga rebasa rake, Vivaldi akagamuchira zita re "maestro wekwaya", kukwidziridzwa kwake hakuzivikanwi, zvinongova chokwadi kuti akashanda semudzidzisi weviolin nekuimba, uye zvakare, nguva nenguva. semutungamiri weorchestra uye muimbi.

Muna 1713 akagamuchira zororo uye, maererano nenhamba yevanyori vehupenyu, akaenda kuDarmstadt, kwaakashanda kwemakore matatu muchechi yeDuke weDarmstadt. Zvisinei, Pencherl anoti Vivaldi haana kuenda kuGermany, asi akashanda muMantua, muimba yokunamata yamambo, uye kwete muna 1713, asi kubva muna 1720 kusvika muna 1723. Pencherl anosimbisa izvi nokutaura nezvetsamba yakabva kuna Vivaldi, uyo akanyora kuti: “MuMantua Ndakanga ndiri mubasa reMuchinda ainamata weDarmstadt kwemakore matatu, "uye anosarudza nguva yekugara kwake ikoko nenyaya yekuti zita remukuru wechechi yeDuke rinowanikwa pamapeji ezvinyorwa zvemabhuku akadhindwa aVivaldi mushure me1720 yegore. gore.

Kubva 1713 kusvika 1718, Vivaldi aigara muVenice anenge nguva dzose. Panguva ino, maopera ake akaitwa anenge gore rega rega, neyekutanga muna 1713.

Pakazosvika 1717, mukurumbira waVivaldi wakanga wakura zvinoshamisa. Muridzi weviolini ane mukurumbira wokuGermany Johann Georg Pisendel anouya kuzodzidza naye. Kazhinji, Vivaldi ainyanya kudzidzisa vaimbi veimba yeConservatory, uye kwete chete varidzi vezviridzwa, asiwo vaimbi.

Zvakakwana kutaura kuti akanga ari mudzidzisi wevaimbi veOpera vakadai saAnna Giraud naFaustina Bodoni. "Akagadzirira muimbi ane zita raFaustina, waakamanikidza kutevedzera nezwi rake zvese zvaigona kuitwa panguva yake pa violin, nyere, oboe."

Vivaldi akava noushamwari zvikuru naPisendel. Pencherl anotaura nyaya inotevera naI. Giller. Rimwe zuva Pisendel aifamba achitevedza St. Stamp ne "Redhead". Akaerekana avhiringidza hurukuro ndokurayira chinyararire kuti adzokere kumba pakarepo. Pane imwe nguva pamba, akatsanangura chikonzero chekudzoka kwake kamwe kamwe: kwenguva yakareba, kuungana mana kwakatevera uye kutarira mudiki Pisendel. Vivaldi akabvunza kana mudzidzi wake akanga ataura mashoko akashata chero kupi zvako, uye akarayira kuti asabuda mumba chero kupi zvako kusvikira iye azvifungira nyaya yacho pachake. Vivaldi akaona mubvunzurudzo wacho achibva aziva kuti Pisendel akanga afungidzirwa zvisizvo somunhu ainyumwira waakanga akafanana naye.

Kubva 1718 kusvika 1722, Vivaldi haana kunyorwa mumagwaro eConservatory of Piety, ayo anosimbisa mukana wekuenda kwake kuMantua. Panguva imwecheteyo, nguva nenguva akaonekwa muguta rake rekuzvarwa, uko mitambo yake yakaramba ichiitwa. Akadzokera kuConservatory muna 1723, asi atova munyori akakurumbira. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu matsva, aisungirwa kunyora 2 concertos pamwedzi, nemubairo we sequin per concerto, uye kuitisa 3-4 kudzokorora kwavari. Mukuzadzisa mabasa aya, Vivaldi akaasanganisa nenzendo refu uye dziri kure. “Kwemakore 14,” Vivaldi akanyora muna 1737, “ndave ndichifamba naAnna Giraud kumaguta akawanda muEurope. Ndakapedza mwaka mitatu ye<em>carnival muRome nemhaka yemutambo wacho. Ndakakokwa kuVienna.” MuRoma, ndiye munyori anonyanya kufarirwa, maitiro ake ekushanda anotevedzwa nemunhu wese. MuVenice muna 1726 akaita semutyairi weorchestra paTheatre yeSt. Angelo, sezviri pachena muna 1728, anoenda kuVienna. Ipapo makore matatu anotevera, pasina chero data. Zvekare, dzimwe sumo pamusoro pezvakagadzirwa zvema opera ake muVenice, Florence, Verona, Ancona akajekesa zvishoma mamiriro ehupenyu hwake. Mukufanana, kubva muna 1735 kusvika muna 1740, akaenderera mberi nebasa rake paConservatory of Piety.

Zuva chairo rekufa kwaVivaldi harizivikanwe. Zvizhinji zvinyorwa zvinoratidza 1743.

Mifananidzo mishanu yemunyori mukuru yasara. Yekutanga uye yakavimbika, sezviri pachena, ndeye P. Ghezzi uye inoreva 1723. "Red-haired pop" inoratidzwa muchipfuva-yakadzika muprofile. Huma inotsvedza zvishoma, vhudzi refu rakamonereka, chirebvu chakanongedza, chitarisiko chine upenyu chizere nechido uye kuda kuziva.

Vivaldi akanga achirwara zvikuru. Mutsamba yakanyorerwa Marquis Guido Bentivoglio (November 16, 1737), anonyora kuti anomanikidzwa kuita mafambiro ake achiperekedzwa nevanhu 4-5 - uye zvose nekuda kwehutano hunorwadza. Zvisinei, kurwara hakuna kumutadzisa kuva anoshingaira zvikuru. Ari parwendo rusingaperi, anotungamira zvigadzirwa zve opera, anokurukura mabasa nevaimbi, anonetsekana nezvaanofarira, anoitisa matsamba akawanda, anoitisa orchestra uye anokwanisa kunyora inoshamisa nhamba yemabasa. Anoshanda chaizvo uye anoziva kuronga zvinhu zvake. De Brosse anoti nenzira inoshamisa: “Vivaldi akava mumwe weshamwari dzangu dzapedyo kuti anditengesere makonzati ake anodhura zvikuru.” Anomira pamberi pevane simba venyika ino, achisarudza nokuchenjera vatsigiri, vanonamata noutsvene, kunyange zvazvo asingambodi kuzvinyima mafaro enyika. Kuva muprista weKaturike, uye, maererano nemitemo yechitendero ichi, kunyimwa mukana wekuroora, kwemakore akawanda akanga ari murudo nemudzidzi wake, muimbi Anna Giraud. Kuva pedyo kwavo kwakakonzera Vivaldi dambudziko guru. Nokudaro, mumiriri wepapa muFerrara muna 1737 akaramba Vivaldi kupinda muguta, kwete chete nokuti akanga arambidzwa kupinda minamato yechechi, asi zvikuru nemhaka yokuva pedyo kwakashata. Munyori wemutambo weItaly anozivikanwa Carlo Goldoni akanyora kuti Giraud akanga akaipa, asi anoyevedza - akanga ane chiuno chakaonda, maziso akanaka uye bvudzi, muromo unofadza, ane izwi risina simba uye tarenda risina mubvunzo.

Tsanangudzo yakanakisa yehunhu hwaVivaldi inowanikwa muGoroni's Memoirs.

Rimwe zuva, Goldoni akakumbirwa kuti aite shanduko kune rugwaro rwe libretto ye opera Griselda nemimhanzi naVivaldi, iyo yakanga ichiitwa muVenice. Nechinangwa ichi, akaenda kuimba yaVivaldi. Munyori wenziyo akamugamuchira nebhuku reminamato mumaoko ake, muimba yakanga yakazara manotsi. Akashamisika zvikuru kuti panzvimbo pekare Lalli, shanduko dzinofanira kuitwa naGodoni.

“- Ndinonyatsoziva, changamire wangu anodiwa, kuti mune tarenda renhetembo; Ndakaona Belisarius wako, wandaifarira zvikuru, asi izvi zvakasiyana chaizvo: unogona kugadzira dambudziko, nhetembo epic, kana uchida, uye uchiri kutadza kurarama nequatrain yekuisa kumimhanzi. Ndipeiwo mufaro wekuziva kutamba kwenyu. “Ndapota, ndapota, nemufaro. Ndakaisa Griselda kupi? Akanga ari pano. Deus, mune adjutorium meum intende, Domine, Domine, Domine. (Mwari, burukai kwandiri! Ishe, Ishe, Ishe). Akanga angori paruoko. Domine adjuvandum (Lord, help). Ah, hezvino, tarisai, changamire, ichi chiitiko pakati peGualtiere naGriselda, inonakidza kwazvo, inobata chiitiko. Munyori akaipedzisa nearia inosuruvarisa, asi signorina Giraud haadi nziyo dzisina maturo, anoda chimwe chinhu chinoratidza, chinonakidza, aria inoratidza chido nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, semuenzaniso, mazwi anokanganiswa nekugomera, nechiito, kufamba. Handizivi kuti munondinzwisisa here? "Hongu, changamire, ndakatonzwisisa, kunze kwekunge ndave nerukudzo rwekunzwa Signorina Giraud, uye ndinoziva kuti izwi rake harina kusimba. "Ko changamire, munotuka sei mwana wangu?" Zvese zviripo kwaari, anoimba zvese. “Hongu, changamire, mataura chokwadi; ndipe bhuku ndiende kubasa. “Kwete, changamire, handikwanise, ndinomuda, ndiri kunetsekana zvikuru. "Zvakanaka, changamire, makabatikana, mondipa kweminiti imwe chete uye ini ndichakugutsai ipapo." – Pakarepo? “Hongu, changamire, pakarepo. Abbot, achiseka, anondipa mutambo, bepa neinki, zvakare anotora bhuku remunamato uye, achifamba, anoverenga mapisarema ake nenziyo. Ndakarava chinoitika chaitozivikanwa kwandiri, ndakarangarira zvishuvo zvomuimbi, uye muisingasviki chikamu chimwe chezvina cheawa ndakanyora nhambo yendima 8 papepa, yakakamurwa kuva mativi maviri. Ndinofonera munhu wangu wemweya ndoratidza basa. Vivaldi anoverenga, huma yake inotsvedzerera, anoverengazve, anotaura mashoko emufaro, anokanda breviary yake pasi uye anodana Signorina Giraud. Anooneka; zvakanaka, anoti, heuno munhu asingawanzoitiki, heuno mudetembi akanakisisa: verenga iyi aria; anosaina akazviita asina kusimuka kubva panzvimbo yake muchikamu chechina cheawa; ndokutendeukira kwandiri: ah, changamire, pamusoroi henyu. "Uye anondimbundira, achipika kuti kubva zvino ndichave mudetembi wake chete."

Pencherl anopedzisa basa rakatsaurirwa kuna Vivaldi nemashoko anotevera: "Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Vivaldi anoratidzwa kwatiri patinobatanidza ruzivo rwese rwemunhu pamusoro pake: akagadzirwa kubva mukusiyana, asina simba, anorwara, asi ari mupenyu sepfuti, akagadzirira kugumbuka uye pakarepo dzikama, kutama kubva zvisina maturo zvenyika kuenda kukunamata mashura, vakasindimara uye panguva imwe chete acmodating pazvinenge zvakakodzera, munhu asinganzwisisiki, asi akagadzirira kuburuka pasi kana zvasvika kune zvaanoda, uye kwete zvachose benzi pakuronga zvinhu zvake.

Uye zvose zvinopindirana sei nemimhanzi yake! Mariri, nzira dzakakwirira dzechechi maitiro anosanganiswa nekusagadzikana kwehupenyu hwehupenyu, iyo yakakwirira inosanganiswa nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, iyo abstract nekrete. Mumakonzati ake, ma<em>fugue akashata, maadagios anochemedza uye, pamwe chete nawo, nziyo dzevanhuwo zvavo, mashoko anobva pamwoyo, uye ruzha rwekutamba kunofadza. Anonyora mabasa echirongwa - mutambo unozivikanwa "The Seasons" uye anopa konzati yega yega ine frivolous bucolic stanzas yeabbot:

Chitubu chasvika, anozivisa zvine mutsindo. Kutamba kwake kunofadza, uye rwiyo mumakomo runorira. Uye rukova rwakarira pamusoro parwo. Zephyr mhepo inobata zvisikwa zvese.

Asi kwakaerekana kwasviba, mheni yakapenya, Muchirimo chave chiratidzo – kutinhira kwakapfuura napakati pemakomo Pakarepo akanyarara; norwiyo rwomurara, runopararira mubhuruu, vanomhanyira mumipata.

Pakafukidzwa nekapeti yemaruva omumupata, Pane muti neshizha zvinodedera nemhepo, nembwa iri patsoka dzake, mufudzi ari kurota.

Uye zvakare Pan inogona kuteerera kune mashiripiti nyere Kunzwika kwake, nymphs kutamba zvakare, Kugamuchira Muroyi-chirimo.

MuZhizha, Vivaldi anoita gunguo, njiva kurira, goldfinch kurira; mu“Matsutso” konzati inotanga norwiyo rwevagari vomumusha vanodzoka vachibva kuminda. Anogadzirawo mifananidzo yemasikirwo emasikirwo mune mamwe mapurogiramu epurogiramu, akadai se "Dutu paGungwa", "Night", "Pastoral". Anewo makonzati anoratidza mamiriro epfungwa: "Kufungira", "Zororo", "Kuzvidya mwoyo". Makonikiti ake maviri padingindira rekuti "Husiku" anogona kutorwa seyekutanga symphonic nocturnes mumimhanzi yenyika.

Zvaakanyora zvinokatyamadza nekuwanda kwekufungidzira. Aine orchestra yaainayo, Vivaldi anogara achiedza. Zviridzwa ega muzvinyorwa zvake zvingave zvakaomarara kana frivolously virtuosic. Motokari mune mamwe makonzati inopa nzira kune rupo rwekunyora nziyo, kurira mune mamwe. Zvimiro zvine mavara, kutamba kwematimbres, senge pakati pechikamu cheConcerto kune matatu maviolin ane inoyevedza pizzicato ruzha, dzinenge "impressionistic".

Vivaldi akagadzira nekumhanya kunoshamisa: "Akagadzirira kubheja kuti anogona kuumba konsati nenhengo dzake dzese nekukurumidza kupfuura anogona kunyorazve munyori," akanyora kudaro de Brosse. Zvichida apa ndipo panobva kungoita uye kutsva kwemimhanzi yaVivaldi, iyo yakafadza vateereri kweanopfuura mazana maviri emakore.

L. Raaben, 1967