Studio sound

Chii chinonzi ruzha?

Ruzha rwechisikigo iacoustic wave inopararira nemuchadenga. Kutenda kunhengo yekunzwa, munhu anogona kuona masaisai aya, uye saizi yawo inotarwa mumafandesheni. Kuwanda kwemafungu anogona kunzwiwa nerubatsiro rwekunzwa kwevanhu huri pakati pemiganhu kubva pa approx. 20Hz kusvika approx. 20 kHz uye aya ndiwo anonzi manzwi anonzwika. Sezvo zvisina kuoma kufungidzira, sezvo kune mitsindo inonzwika, kunze kweiyo bhendi pane kurira kusingakwanise kunzwikwa nevanhu, uye chete michina yekurekodha yakakosha inogona kurekodha.

Kusimba kwenzwi uye kuyerwa

Chiyero chekusimba kwenzwi rinoratidzwa uye kuyerwa mumadecibel dB. Kuti tiwane mufananidzo uri nani, tinogona kugovera mwero wega wega kune nyika yakatitenderedza. Uye saka: 10 dB ichave kunyorovesa kwemashizha, 20 dB kuzevezera, 30 dB inogona kufananidzwa nemugwagwa wakanyarara, wakanyarara, 40 dB kugunun'una kumba, 50 dB ruzha muhofisi kana hurukuro yakajairika, 60 dB vacuum. kushanda kwakachena, 70 dB yekudyira yakabatikana ine zviteshi zvesevhisi zvakawanda, 80 dB mimhanzi ine ruzha, 90 dB traffic yemuguta panguva yekumhanya-mhanya, 100 dB mudhudhudhu kukwira pasina silencer kana konzati yerock. Pamazinga evhoriyamu akakwira, kuratidzwa ruzha kwenguva refu kunogona kukuvadza kunzwa kwako, uye chero basa rine ruzha riri pamusoro pe110 dB rinofanirwa kuitwa mumahedhifoni ekudzivirira, uye semuenzaniso ruzha rune mwero we140 dB runogona kufananidzwa nerutsigiro rwekurwa.

Nzira yekuchengetedza sei inzwi

Kuti ruzha rwurekodhwa muchimiro chedhijitari, runofanira kupfuura kuburikidza neanalog-to-digital converters, kureva kuburikidza nekadhi rezwi iro komputa yedu yakashongedzerwa kana yekunze audio interface. Ndivo vanoshandura ruzha kubva kufomu reanalogue kuita rekodhi redhijitari uye votumira kune komputa. Ehe, zvakafanana zvinoshanda neimwe nzira kutenderedza uye kana tichida kuridza mimhanzi faira yakachengetwa pakombuta yedu uye kunzwa zvirimo muvatauri, kutanga vashanduri mune yedu interface, semuenzaniso, shandura iyo dhijitari chiratidzo kune analog, uye ipapo. isunungure kune vatauri.

Unhu hwakanaka

Sampling rate uye bit kudzika zvinoratidza kunaka kweruzha. Sampling frequency inoreva kuti masampula mangani achaendeswa pasekondi imwe chete, kureva kuti kana tiine 44,1 kHz, kureva sezvairi paCD, zvinoreva kuti zviuru makumi mana nezvina nemazana mana ezviuru zvinoendeswa ikoko musekondi imwe. Nekudaro, kune akatombokwira mafrequency, iyo yepamusoro parizvino iri 44,1kHz. Nekune rimwe divi, kudzika zvishoma kunotiratidza kuti ndeupi rudzi rwesimba rwatinarwo pahupamhi hwakapihwa, kureva kubva kune yakanyarara inokwanisika kusvika kugumi nematanhatu kana iri CD, iyo inopa 192 dB uye izvi zvinopa anenge mazana matanhatu nemazana mashanu emasampuli mukugovera amplitude. . Iine hudzamu hukuru, semuenzaniso 16 bits, inopa simba rekuchinja re96 dB uye approx. 65000 miriyoni samples.

Audio compression

Kudzvanya kunoshandiswa kugadzirisa yakapihwa odhiyo kana vhidhiyo faira kubva kune imwe kuenda kune imwe. Iyo imhando yekurongedza data uye ine yakakura kwazvo kushandiswa, semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kutumira yakakura faira ne-e-mail. Zvadaro faira yakadaro inogona kuomeswa, kureva kugadziriswa nenzira yakadaro, uye nokudaro inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kune marudzi maviri ekumanikidza kwekuteerera: kurasikirwa uye kurasikirwa. Lossy compression inobvisa mamwe ma frequency mabhendi kuitira kuti faira rakadaro rive 10 kana kunyange 20 nguva idiki. Kune rumwe rutivi, kudzvinyirira kusingarasikirwi kunochengetedza ruzivo rwakazara pamusoro pekufamba kwechiratidzo chekuteerera, zvisinei, faira yakadaro inogona kuderedzwa kwete kanopfuura kaviri.

Izvi ndizvo zvakakosha zvinhu zvine hukama zvakanyanya neruzha uye studio basa. Kune, hongu, dzakawanda zvimwe nyaya, uye imwe neimwe yazvo yakakosha zvakanyanya munzvimbo ino, asi wese anotanga ruzha mainjiniya anofanira kutanga kuongorora ruzivo rwavo navo.