Vladimir Ivanovich Rebikov |
Vladimir Rebikov
Hupenyu hwangu hwese ndanga ndichirota mhando itsva dzehunyanzvi. A. Bely
Muma1910 mumigwagwa yeYalta munhu aigona kusangana nekureba, kutaridzika kwechimiro chemurume aigara achifamba nemaamburera maviri - machena kubva kuzuva uye madema kubva mumvura. Ndiye aiva munyori uye piano V. Rebikov. Sezvo akanga ararama upenyu hupfupi, asi azere nezviitiko zvakajeka nemisangano, akanga zvino ari kutsvaka kuva oga norugare. Inyanzvi yezvishuvo zvitsva, mutsvaki we "mahombekombe matsva", muimbi uyo munzira dzakawanda aive pamberi pevenguva yake mukushandisa nzira dzekutaura, dzakazove hwaro hwemimhanzi yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. mubasa raA. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, K. Debussy - Rebikov akatambura nenhamo yemuimbi asina kuzivikanwa munyika yake.
Rebikov akaberekerwa mumhuri pedyo unyanzvi (mai vake nehanzvadzi vaiva piano). Akapedza kudzidza kubva kuMoscow University (Faculty of Philology). Akadzidza mimhanzi achitungamirirwa naN. Klenovsky (mudzidzi weP. Tchaikovsky), uye akazozvipira makore matatu ekushanda nesimba kuti adzidze nheyo dzemimhanzi muBerlin neVienna pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevadzidzisi vanozivikanwa - K. Meyerberger. (dzidziso yemimhanzi), O. Yasha (chiridzwa), T. Muller (piano).
Nechekare mumakore iwayo, kufarira kwaRebikov mune pfungwa yekuwirirana kwemimhanzi nemashoko, mimhanzi nemifananidzo yakaberekwa. Anodzidza nhetembo dzevanyori veRussia, kunyanya V. Bryusov, uye mufananidzo wevanyori vekune dzimwe nyika venzira imwechete - A. Böcklin, F. Stuck, M. Klninger. Muna 1893-1901. Rebikov akadzidzisa kuzvikoro zvemimhanzi muMoscow, Kyiv, Odessa, Chisinau, achizviratidza kwose kwose semudzidzisi akajeka. Akanga ari muvambi wekusika kweSosaiti yeRussian Composers (1897-1900) - sangano rekutanga revanyori veRussia. Kwemakore gumi ekutanga ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nhamba yepamusoro-soro yekutora kweRebikov yekunyora uye yehunyanzvi chiitiko inodonha. Anopa makonti akawanda uye akabudirira kunze kwenyika - muBerlin neVienna, Prague neLeipzig, Florence neParis, anowana kucherechedzwa kwevakakurumbira vemimhanzi vekunze vakadai saC. Debussy, M. Calvocoressi, B. Kalensky, O. Nedbal, Z. Neyedly , I. Pizzetti nevamwe.
Pamatanho eRussia uye kunze kwenyika, basa rakanakisisa reRebikov, opera "Yelka", rakabudirira. Mapepanhau nemagazini anonyora uye anokurukura nezvake. Kukurumbira kwenguva pfupi kwaRebikov kwakapera mumakore iwayo apo tarenda raScriabin uye wechidiki Prokofiev akazarurwa zvine simba. Asi kunyange ipapo Rebikov haana kukanganwika zvachose, sezvinopupurirwa nekufarira kwaV. Nemirovich-Danchenko mune yake yazvino opera, The Nest of Nobles (yakavakirwa pabhuku raI. Turgenev).
Maitiro enziyo dzaRebikov (10 operas, 2 ballets, akawanda piyano chirongwa kutenderera uye zvimedu, zverudo, mimhanzi yevana) yakazara nekusiyana kwakapinza. Inosanganisa tsika dzemazuva ese emazuva ese echiRussia anotendeseka uye asingaremekedzi mazwi (zvaisava pasina zvakaitwa kuti P. Tchaikovsky apindure zvakanaka kune yekutanga kugadzira kwaRebikov, uyo akawana mumhanzi wemuimbi wechidiki "tarenda rinoyemurika ... nhetembo, kuwirirana kwakanaka uye kunoshamisa kwazvo hunyanzvi hwemimhanzi" ) uye neushingi hutsva hwekushinga. Izvi zvinonyatsooneka kana tichienzanisa nziyo dzaRebikov dzekutanga, dzichiri nyore (piano cycle "Autumn Memories" yakatsaurirwa kuna Tchaikovsky, mimhanzi yevana, opera "Yolka", nezvimwewo) nemabasa ake akazotevera ("Sketches of Moods, Sound Poems, White Nziyo” dzepiyano, opera Tea uye Gomba, zvichingodaro), umo kutaura kunoreva hunhu hwemafambiro matsva ounyanzvi ezana ramakore rechi50, akadai sechiratidzo, kufungidzira, kutaura, zvinobuda pachena. Aya mabasa zvakare matsva mumhando dzakagadzirwa naRebikov: "melomimics, meloplastics, rhythmic recitations, mimhanzi-psychographic mitambo." Rebikov's creative heritage inosanganisirawo nhamba yezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa zvine tarenda pamusoro pemumhanzi aesthetics: "Mumhanzi wakarekodhwa wemanzwiro, Mimhanzi mumakore XNUMX, Orpheus uye Bacchantes", nezvimwewo Rebikov aiziva "kuva vepakutanga uye panguva imwe chete nyore uye kuwanikwa; uye uku ndiko kukosha kwake kukuru kumimhanzi yeRussia.
ABOUT. Tompakova
Zvinyorwa:
opareta (music-psychological and psychographic dramas) - Mukutinhira (kubva pane nyaya "Sango rine ruzha" Korolenko, op. 5, 1893, post. 1894, City transport, Odessa), Princess Mary (zvichibva munyaya "The Gamba reNguva Yedu "Lermontov, isati yapera.), Muti weKisimusi (zvichibva pane ngano "Musikana ane Matches" naAndersen uye nyaya "Mukomana paKristu paMuti weKisimusi" naDostoevsky, op. 21, 1900, post. 1903, ME Medvedev's enterprise, tr “Aquarium” , Moscow; 1905, Kharkov), Tea (yakavakirwa parugwaro rwenhetembo yezita rimwechete naA. Vorotnikov, op. 34, 1904), Abyss (lib. R ., zvichibva panhau yezita rimwe chetero naLN Andreev, op. 40, 1907), Mukadzi ane Dagger (lib. R., zvichibva panyaya pfupi yezita rimwe chetero naA. Schnitzler, op. 41, 1910 ), Alpha naOmega (lib. R., op. 42, 1911), Narcissus (lib. R., yakavakirwa pana Metamorphoses “Ovid mushanduro yeTL Shchepkina-Kupernik, op. 45, 1912), Arachne (lib. R., maererano naOvid's Metamorphoses, op. 49, 1915), Noble Nest (lib. R., maererano neimwe inoveli naIS Turgenev, op. 55, 1916), vana vakashongedza Prince Handsome uye Princess Wonderful Charm (1900s); ballet - Snow White (yakavakirwa pangano "The Snow Queen" naAndersen); zvidimbu zvepiyano, kwaya; rudo, nziyo dzevana (kumashoko evadetembi veRussia); gadziriro dzenziyo dzeCzech neSlovak, nezvimwe.
Literary works: Orpheus and the Bacchantes, “RMG”, 1910, No 1; Pashure pemakore 50, ibid., 1911, No. 1-3, 6-7, 13-14, 17-19, 22-25; Mimhanzi Kurekodha Kwekunzwa, ibid., 1913, Nha 48.
References: Karatygin VG, VI Rebikov, "Mumazuva manomwe", 7, No 1913; Stremin M., Nezve Rebikov, "Artistic Life", 35, No 1922; Berberov R., (chirevo), mupepeti: Rebikov V., Zvidimbu zvePiano, Notebook 2, M., 1.
