Harmony mumimhanzi: huru uye diki

Nyaya yedu inotevera yakatsaurirwa kune chiitiko chakadai semukomana. Tichaedza kupindura mibvunzo inotevera: chii chimiro mumimhanzi, pfungwa iyi inogona kutsanangurwa sei, uye ndeapi marudzi emimhanzi modhi.

Saka kushushikana chii? Rangarira zvinorehwa neshoko iri kunze kwemimhanzi? Muhupenyu, dzimwe nguva vanotaura nezvevanhu kuti vanowirirana, kureva kuti, ishamwari, vanonzwisisana uye vanopa rubatsiro. Mumimhanzi, manzwi anofanirwawo kuwirirana, kuwirirana, kana zvisina kudaro haizove rwiyo, asi imwe inoenderera mberi cacophony. Zvinoitika kuti kuwirirana mumimhanzi manzwi ane ushamwari kune mumwe nemumwe.

Fret basics

Murwiyo mune ruzha rwakati wandei uye rwakasiyana. Kune manzwi akagadzikana - anotsigira, uye kune asina kugadzikana - anofamba. Kuti vaite mimhanzi, zvose zviri zviviri zvinodiwa, uye vanofanira kuchinjana uye kubatsirana.

Kuvakwa kwemimhanzi kunogona kufananidzwa nekuvakwa kwemadziro ezvidhina. Sezvo rusvingo runogadzirwa nezvidhinha uye simende pakati pazvo, saka rwiyo runoberekwa chete kana pane ruzha rwakagadzikana uye rusina kugadzikana.

Mitsindo yakatsiga inounza rugare kumimhanzi, inononoka kufamba kwakasimba, inowanzopedza chidimbu chemimhanzi. Manzwi asina kugadzikana anodiwa pakuvandudza; dzinogara dzichitungamirira kukudziridzwa kwemutinhimira kure nekurira kwakagadzikana uye dzinodzokera kwadziri zvakare. Mitsindo yese isina kugadzikana inoshanduka kuita yakagadzikana, uye yakagadzikana, zvakare, semagineti inokwezva isina kugadzikana.

Nei manzwi akatsiga uye asina kugadzikana ari kushanda asinganeti mukuwirirana? Kuti uwane rumwe rudzi rwerwiyo - kusetsa kana kusuruvara. Ndiko kuti, manzwi e-fret anogonawo kukanganisa mafungiro emimhanzi, vanoita sevanochera mimhanzi mumhando dzakasiyana dzemanzwiro.

Mhando dzekutambudzika: huru uye diki

Saka, modhi inogara iri timu yese yemanzwi anoshanda asinganeti kugadzira nziyo dzemarudzi ese emoods. Kune akawanda mamodhi mumimhanzi, asi pane maviri akanyanya kukosha. Vanodanwa kuti mukuru nediki.

Chiyero chikuru, kana kuti chikuru chete, inzwi rechiedza uye rinonakidza. Yakakodzera kugadzira mumhanzi unofadza, unofadza uye unofadza. Chikero chidiki, kana kuti chidiki, inyanzvi yemimhanzi inosuruvarisa uye ine mufungo.

Iyo huru modhi izuva rakajeka uye denga rakajeka rebhuruu, uye diki modhi itsvuku yekuvira kwezuva uye nhongonya dzesango respruce richisviba pasi paro. Chikero chikuru uswa hwakasvibira hwechitubu palawn, hunodyiwa nembudzi yegrey nomufaro mukuru. Iyo diki modhi ndeyekutarisa kubva pahwindo manheru kuti mashizha ematsutso anodonha sei uye matsutso emvura makristasi anodonha. Kunaka kunogona kuve kwakasiyana, uye kukuru uye kudiki - vaviri vanyori vakagadzirira kupenda chero mufananidzo nemanzwi avo.

ZANO. Kana uri kushanda nevana, zvino zvichave zvinobatsira kushanda nemifananidzo. Ratidza mwana mutsara wemifananidzo, regai afungidzire kuti vanganzwika sei - huru kana duku? Unogona kudhawunirodha yakapedzwa muunganidzwa kubva kwatiri. Sebasa rekugadzira, mwana anogona kupihwa kuti agadzire yake yega gallery yemifananidzo mikuru uye midiki. Izvi zvichamutsa fungidziro yake yekusika.

KUSARUDZA MIFANANIDZO "MUKURU UYE MUDIKI" - DOWNLOAD

Nziyo dzakadaro dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa se "Muti weKisimusi wakazvarwa musango", rwiyo runyoro rweRussian Federation, uye zuva "Smile" rakagadzirwa pamwero mukuru. Nziyo dzokuti “Mhashu dzakagara muuswa” uye “Birch yakamira mumunda” inoumbwa muchikamu chiduku.

MIBVUNZO. Teerera zvidimbu zviviri zvemimhanzi. Aya madhanzi maviri kubva ku "Children's Album" naPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Imwe yekutamba inonzi "waltz", imwe - "mazurka". Ndeipi yaunofunga kuti iri mumukuru uye iri mudiki?

Chikamu Chekutanga "Waltz"

Chikamu chechipiri "Mazurka"

Mhinduro dzakarurama: “Waltz” imhanzi huru, uye “Mazurka” iduku.

Key uye gamma

Maitiro makuru uye madiki anogona kuvakwa kubva kune chero mimhanzi inonzwika - kubva kuita, kubva re, kubva ku mi, etc. Iyi yekutanga, inonyanya kukosha inzwi ichanzi tonic mukuwirirana. Uye nzvimbo yakakwirira yefret, ichibatanidza kune imwe mhando ye tonic, inoratidzwa neshoko rokuti "tonality".

Imwe neimwe tonality inofanira kudanwa neimwe nzira. Munhu ane zita rekutanga uye zita rekupedzisira, uye kiyi ine zita re tonic uye mode, iyo inogonawo kubatanidzwa mune rimwe zita. Semuenzaniso, C huru (chinyorwa DO ndicho tonic, ndiko kuti, ruzha rukuru, mutungamiri weboka, fret inovakwa kubva pairi, uye kushungurudzika kukuru). Kana mumwe muenzaniso: D minor chikero chidiki kubva pachinoti PE. Mimwe mienzaniso: E mukuru, F mukuru, G mudiki, A mudiki, nezvimwe.

BASA. Edza kugadzira rimwe zita rekiyi iwe pachako. Tora chero tonic uye chero kushungurudzika, zviise pamwe chete. Chii chawawana?

Kana iwe ukaisa manzwi ose ekiyi zvakarongeka, kutanga ne tonic, unowana chiyero. Chiyero chinotanga ne tonic uye chinoguma nacho. Nenzira, zviyero zvinotumidzwa zvakafanana nemakiyi. Semuenzaniso, E minor scale inotanga nenoti MI uye inopera nenoti MI, G guru rinotanga nenoti S uye rinopera nenoti imwechete. Unonzwisisa here? Heino muenzaniso wemimhanzi:

Asi zvinopinza uye mafurati zvinobva kupi muzvikero izvi? Ngatikurukurei pamusoro peizvi. Zvinoitika kuti zviyero zvakakura uye zviduku zvine maitiro avo chaiwo.

Chimiro chikuru chechiyero

Kuti uwane chiyero chikuru, iwe unofanirwa kutora manzwi masere chete uye iwo mutsetse iwo. Asi haasi ese manzwi anoenderana nesu. Nzira yekusarudza zvakakodzera? Iwe unoziva kuti chinhambwe pakati pematanho chinogona kuva hafu toni kana toni yakazara. Saka, pachiyero chikuru, zvinodikanwa kuti chinhambwe pakati pemanzwi ayo chienderane nechimiro: toni-toni, semitone, toni-tone-tone, semitone.

Semuyenzaniso, chiyero chikuru cheC chinotanga nechinoti ITA uye chinopera nechinoti ITA. Pakati peruzha rwekuti DO neRE pane chinhambwe chetoni imwe chete, pakati peRE neMI pane zvakare toni, uye pakati peMI neFA inongova hafu yetoni. Kupfuurirazve: pakati peFA neSOL, SOL neLA, LA neSI kune toni yakazara, pakati peSI nepamusoro DO - semitone chete.

Ngatitorei toni uye semitones

Kana iwe wakanganwa kuti toni uye semitones ndeapi, saka ngatizvidzokorore. Semitone ndiyo nguva ipfupi kubva pane imwe noti kuenda kune inotevera. Iyo piano keyboard inotiratidza semitones pakati pemanzwi zvakajeka. Kana iwe ukaridza makiyi ese mumutsara, pasina kusvetuka chero chena kana dema, zvino kana uchifamba kubva kune imwe kiyi kuenda kune inotevera, isu tichangopfuura nepakati peimwe semitone.

Sezvauri kuona, semitone inogona kuridzwa nekukwira kubva kukiyi chena kuenda kune iri pedyo dema, kana kuburuka kubva kune nhema kuenda kune chena, iri pedyo nayo. Mukuwedzera, iyo inoumbwa chete pakati pe "white" ruzha: idzi MI-FA uye SI-DO.

Semitone ihafu, uye kana ukabatanidza mahafu maviri pamwechete, unowana chimwe chinhu chakakwana, unowana toni imwe chete. Pakiibhodhi yepiyano, toni dzese dzinogona kuwanikwa zviri nyore pakati pemakiyi machena ari padyo kana akapatsanurwa nedema. Ndiko kuti, DO-RE ithoni, uye RE-MI zvakare toni, asi MI-FA haisi toni, iri semitone: hapana chinoparadzanisa aya makiyi machena.

Kuti uwane toni yakazara kubva painoti MI mune maviri, haufanire kutora FA, asi FA-SHARP, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera imwe hafu toni. Kana kuti unogona kusiya FA, asi ipapo unofanira kuderedza MI, tora MI-FLAT.

Kana ari makiyi madema, papiyano anorongwa mumapoka - maviri kana matatu. Saka, mukati meboka, makiyi maviri ari padyo matema anobviswawo kubva kune mumwe nemumwe ne toni imwe. Semuenzaniso, C-SHARP uye D-SHARP, pamwe neG-FLAT neA-FLAT, zvose zvinosanganiswa zvezvinyorwa zvinotipa toni dzose.

Asi muzvikamu zvakakura pakati pemapoka e "mabhatani" madema, ndiko kuti, apo makiyi maviri machena akaiswa pakati pemakiyi maviri madema, chinhambwe chichava toni imwe nehafu (semitones matatu). Semuenzaniso: kubva kuMI-flat kusvika kuF-yakapinza kana kubva kuSI-flat kusvika kuC-yakapinza.

Mamwe ruzivo nezve toni uye semitones anogona kuwanikwa mune chinyorwa Accidentals.

Kugadzira zviyero zvakakura

Saka, muchiyero chikuru, manzwi anofanira kurongwa nenzira yekuti pakati pavo pane toni mbiri dzekutanga, ipapo semitones, ipapo toni nhatu uye zvakare semitone. Semuenzaniso, ngativake iyo D huru chiyero. Kutanga, tinoita "isina chinhu" - tinonyora manotsi mumutsara kubva pazasi inzwi PE kusvika kumusoro PE. Chokwadi, muD chikuru, ruzha PE ndiyo tonic, chiyero chinofanira kutanga nacho uye chinofanira kupera nacho.

Uye ikozvino iwe unofanirwa "kutsvaga hukama" pakati pemanzwi uye uuye nawo mumutsara nehukuru chiyero formula.

• Pane toni yakazara pakati RE neMI, zvese zvakanaka pano, ngatienderere mberi.
• Pakati peMI neFA semitone, asi munzvimbo ino, maererano nefomula, panofanira kuva nezwi. Tinozvigadzirisa - nekuwedzera inzwi reFA, tinowedzera imwe hafu toni kusvika kure. Isu tinowana: MI uye F-SHARP - imwe toni yakazara. Zvino rongedza!
• F-SHARP neSALT inotipa semitone inofanirwa kunge iri munzvimbo yechitatu. Zvinoitika kuti hazvisi pasina kuti takasimudza chinyorwa cheFA, ichi chakapinza chaive chichiri kubatsira kwatiri. Fambira mberi.
• SOL-LA, LA-SI matani akazara, sezvazvinofanira kunge zvichienderana nemaitiro, tinovasiya vasina kuchinjwa.
• Manzwi maviri anotevera SI uye DO ari semitone. Iwe unotoziva kutwasanudza: iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera chinhambwe - isa chinopinza pamberi pe DO. Dai zvaida kuti tideredze chinhambwe, taiisa sandara. Unonzwisisa nheyo yacho here?
• Manzwi ekupedzisira - C-SHARP uye RE - semitone: zvaunoda!

Takazopedzisira nei? Zvinoitika kuti kune maviri akapinza muyero D huru: F-SHARP uye C-SHARP. Mava kunzwisisa here kwavakabva?

Saizvozvo, iwe unogona kugadzira zviyero zvakakura kubva kune chero ruzha. Uye ipapo, zvakare, zvingave zvinopinza kana mafurati achaonekwa. Semuenzaniso, muF chikuru pane imwe flat (SI-FLAT), uye muC huru kune akawanda anosvika mashanu anopinza (DO, RE, FA, SOL uye A-SHARP).

Iwe unogona kuvaka zvikero kwete chete kubva ku "makiyi machena", asiwo kubva kudzika kana kusimudza ruzha. Usakanganwa kurangarira zviratidzo zvaunoziva. Semuyenzaniso, E-flat mikuru chiyero chikero chine maflat matatu (MI-flat pachayo, A-flat neB-flat), uye F-yakapinza chiyero chikuru chikero chine nhanhatu dzakapinza (dzose dzakapinza kunze kweC-yakapinza. )

Chimiro chechiyero chidiki

Pano musimboti wacho wakada kufanana nezviyero zvakakura, chete chimiro chechimiro chechiyero chidiki chakasiyana zvishoma: toni, semitone, toni-tone, semitone, toni-tone. Nekushandisa iyi kutevedzana kwematoni uye semitones, unogona kuwana nyore chiyero chidiki.

Ngatiende kumienzaniso. Ngativakei chikero chidiki kubva pachinoti SALT. Kutanga, ingonyora zvinyorwa zvese zvakarongeka kubva paG kuenda kuG (kubva pazasi tonic kusvika pakudzokorora kwayo kumusoro).

Zvadaro, tinotarisa madaro ari pakati pemanzwi:

• Pakati peSALT neLA - inzwi rose, sezvazvinofanira kunge zvichienderana nemaitiro.
• Kupfuurirazve: LA uye SI zvakare toni, asi semitone inodiwa munzvimbo ino. Kuita sei? Izvo zvinodikanwa kuderedza chinhambwe, nekuda kweizvi tinodzikisa ruzha rweSI nerubatsiro rwefurati. Pano tine chiratidzo chekutanga - B-flat.
• Uyezve, maererano nefomula, tinoda matani maviri akazara. Pakati pezvinonzwika B-flat uye DO, pamwe ne DO neRE, pane chinhambwe chakadaro sezvachinofanira kunge chiri.
• Zvadaro: RE uye MI. Pane toni yakazara pakati pezvinyoro izvi, asi semitone chete inodiwa. Zvekare, iwe unotoziva kurapwa: isu tinodzikisa chinyorwa MI, uye tinowana semitone pakati RE neMI-FLAT. Hechino chiratidzo chechipiri kwauri!
• Isu tinotarisa yekupedzisira: tinoda mamwe matani maviri akazara. MI FLAT ine FA ithoni, uye FA ine SA zvakare inzwi. Zvese zvakanaka!

Chii chawakawana pakupedzisira? Kune maviri mafurati muG diki chiyero: SI-FLAT uye MI-FLAT.

Kudzidzira, unogona kuzvivaka kana "kunhonga" zviyero zvidiki zvinoverengeka: semuenzaniso, F inopinza diki uye A diki.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvaungawana chiyero chidiki?

Zviyero zvakakura uye zvidiki, zvakavakwa kubva kune imwechete tonic, zvinosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nemanzwi matatu chete. Ngationei kuti misiyano iyi chii. Ngatienzanise chiyero C chikuru (hapana zviratidzo) uye C madiki (mafurati matatu).

Kunzwika kwega kwega kwechiyero idhigirii. Saka, muchiyero chiduku, chichienzaniswa nechiyero chikuru, kune matanho matatu akaderera - chechitatu, chechitanhatu uye chechinomwe (akaiswa nhamba dzeRoma - III, VI, VII). Nokudaro, kana tichiziva chikero chikuru, ipapo tinogona kuwana chiyero chiduku nyore nyore nokuchinja manzwi matatu chete.

Zvechiitwa, ngatishandei nekiyi yeG huru. Muchikamu chikuru cheG, imwe inopinza iF-SHARP, inova dhigirii rechinomwe rechiyero.

• Isu tinodzikisa danho rechitatu - chinyorwa SI, tinowana SI-FLAT.
• Isu tinodzikisa nhanho yechitanhatu - chinyorwa MI, tinowana MI-FLAT.
• Isu tinodzikisa nhanho yechinomwe - chinyorwa F-SHARP. Iri inzwi rakatokwidziridzwa, uye kuti udzikise pasi, iwe unongoda kudzima kuwedzera, ndiko kuti, kubvisa inopinza.

Saka, muG madiki pachava nezviratidzo zviviri chete - SI-FLAT uye MI-FLAT, uye F-SHARP inongonyangarika kubva mairi pasina tsvakiridzo. Sezvauri kuona, hapana chakaoma.

Mitsindo yakatsiga uye isina kugadzikana muhukuru

Pane zvikero zvinomwe pazvikero zvikuru nezvidiki, zvitatu zvacho zvakatsiga, uye zvina hazvina kugadzikana. Matanho akatsiga ndiwo ekutanga, echitatu nechishanu (I, III, V). Kusagadzikana - izvi ndizvo zvimwe zvose - yechipiri, yechina, yechitanhatu, yechinomwe (II, IV, VI, VII).

Matanho akagadzikana, kana akaiswa pamwe chete, gadzira tonic triad, kureva, katatu yakavakwa kubva kune tonic, kubva padanho rekutanga. Izwi rekuti triad rinoreva kord yemanzwi matatu. Iyo tonic triad yakadimburirwa seT53 (muhombe) kana nemavara madiki t53 (mudiki).

Muchiyero chikuru, iyo tonic triad yakakura, uye mudiki chiyero, zvichiteerana, idiki. Nokudaro, matanho matatu akagadzikana anotipa mufananidzo wakakwana we tonality - tonic yayo uye mode. Inzwi re tonic triad imhando yemutungamiri wevaimbi, maererano nezvavanotaridzirwa pakutanga kwebasa.

Semuenzaniso, ngatitarisei manzwi akatsiga uye asina kugadzikana muD chikuru uye muC madiki.

D chikuru irenje tonality ine maviri akapinza (FA-SHARP uye C-SHARP). Mitsindo yakagadzikana mairi RE, F-SHARP uye LA (yekutanga, yechitatu uye yechishanu manotsi kubva pachiyero), pamwe chete vanotipa tonic triad. Izvo zvisina kugadzikana ndezvi MI, SALT, SI uye C-SHARP. Tarisa muenzaniso: nhanho dzisina kugadzikana dzakashongedzwa kuti dzijekeswe zviri nani:

C minor chikero chine mafurati matatu (B-Flat, E-Flat uye A-Flat), idiki saka inonzwika nekamwe kakusuwa. Matanho akatsiga pano ndee DO (kutanga), MI-FLAT (yechitatu) uye G (yechishanu). Vanotipa diki tonic triad. Matanho asina kugadzikana anoti RE, FA, A-FLAT, uye B-FLAT.

Saka, munyaya ino, takazivana nemafungiro emimhanzi akadai semodhi, tonality uye chiyero, takaongorora chimiro chezvikuru uye zviduku, takadzidza nzira yekuwana matanho akagadzikana uye asina kugadzikana. Kubva pane zvinotevera nyaya, iwe uchadzidza nezve ndeapi akasiyana makuru uye madiki uye ndeapi mamwe modhi mumhanzi, pamwe nekukurumidza kuona zvinopinza uye mafurati mune chero kiyi.