Mikalojus Konstantinos Čiurlionis |
Mikalojus Čiurlionis
Autumn. Garden isina kupfeka. Miti yehafu-yakashama inoputika uye inovhara nzira nemashizha, uye denga grey-grey, uye sekusuruvara semweya chete unogona kusuruvara. MK Ciurlionis
Hupenyu hwaMK Chiurlionis hwaive hupfupi, asi hwakajeka hwakajeka uye hune chiitiko. Akasika ca. 300 mifananidzo, ca. 350 zvidimbu zvemimhanzi, kunyanya piyano miniature (240). Ane akati wandei mabasa ekamuri ensembles, kwekwaya, organ, asi zvakanyanya kupfuura zvese Čiurlionis aida orchestra, kunyangwe iye akanyora diki mimhanzi yeorchestra: 2 symphonic nhetembo "Musango" (1900), "Gungwa" (1907), overture " Kėstutis” ( 1902) (Kyastutis, muchinda wokupedzisira weLithuania yapamberi pechiKristu, uyo akava nomukurumbira mukurwisana nevarwi vorudzidziso, akafa muna 1382). Sketches ye "Lithuanian Pastoral Symphony", mifananidzo ye symphonic nhetembo "Kusikwa Kwenyika" yakachengetedzwa. (Parizvino, inenge yose yenhaka yeČiurlionis - mifananidzo, mifananidzo, autographs yemabasa emimhanzi - inochengetwa mu museum wake muKaunas.) Čiurlionis aigara munyika inoshamisa yekufungidzira, iyo, mumashoko ake, "intuition chete inogona kutaura." Aifarira kuva ega nemasikirwo: kuona kunyura kwezuva, kufamba-famba musango usiku, kuenda kune dutu. Kuteerera mimhanzi yezvakasikwa, mumabasa ake aitsvaga kuratidza kunaka kwayo kusingaperi uye kuwirirana. Mifananidzo yemabasa ake ine zvirevo, kiyi kwavari iri muchiratidzo chengano dzevanhu, mune iyo chaiyo fusion yekufungidzira uye yechokwadi, inova hunhu hwemaonero enyika. Folk art "inofanira kuve hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwedu ..." akanyora Čiurlionis. “… Mimhanzi yechiLithuanian inozorora munziyo dzechivanhu… Nziyo idzi dzakafanana nematombo anokosha emarble uye dzinongomirira shasha inozokwanisa kugadzira zvisikwa zvisingafi kubva mazviri.” Yaiva nziyo dzechiLithuanian dzevanhu, ngano uye ngano dzakaunza muimbi muČiurlionis. Kubva paudiki, vakapinda mukuziva kwake, vakava chikamu chemweya, vakatora nzvimbo pedyo nemimhanzi yaJS Bach, P. Tchaikovsky.
Čiurlionis 'mudzidzisi wekutanga wemimhanzi aiva baba vake, nyanzvi. Muna 1889-93. Čiurlionis akadzidza pachikoro che orchestra chaM. Oginsky (muzukuru wemunyori MK Oginsky) muPlungė; muna 1894-99 akadzidza kuumbwa panguva Warsaw Musical Institute pasi 3. Moscow; uye muna 1901-02 akavandudza paLeipzig Conservatory pasi paK. Reinecke. Murume wezvido zvakasiyana siyana. Čiurlionis akagamuchira nechido zvose zvinoratidzwa mumhanzi, nekushingaira kudzidza nhoroondo yemifananidzo, psychology, philosophy, nyeredzi, fizikisi, masvomhu, geology, paleontology, nezvimwewo. Mumabhuku ake evadzidzi mune kurukana kunoshamisa kwezvikeche zvemimhanzi uye maitiro esvomhu, mifananidzo yechidimbu. zvepasi nenhetembo.
Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chekuchengetedza, Čiurlionis akagara muWarsaw kwemakore anoverengeka (1902-06), uye pano akatanga kupenda, izvo zvakawedzera kumufadza. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, zvido zvemimhanzi uye zveunyanzvi zvinogara zvichipindirana, zvichitarisa hupamhi uye kushandiswa kwemabasa ake ekudzidzisa muWarsaw, uye kubvira 1907 muVilnius, Čiurlionis akava mumwe wevatangi veLithuanian Art Society uye chikamu chemimhanzi chiri pasi payo, akatungamirira Kankles. kwaya, yakaronga Lithuanian art kuratidzwa, mimhanzi makwikwi , kuita mumhanzi kutsikisa, streamlining Lithuanian mumhanzi terminology, akabatanidzwa mubasa folklore komisheni, akaita konzati zviitiko sekwaya conductor uye pianist. Uye pfungwa ngani dzakakundikana kuita! Aifarira pfungwa pamusoro Lithuanian mimhanzi chikoro uye mumhanzi raibhurari, pamusoro National Palace muVilnius. Akarotawo zvekuenda kunyika dziri kure, asi zviroto zvake zvakazadzika chete muchikamu: muna 1905 Čiurlionis akashanyira Caucasus, muna 1906 akashanyira Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Nuremberg, uye Munich. Muna 1908-09. Čiurlionis aigara muSt. Petersburg, uko, kubva muna 1906, mifananidzo yake yaidzokororwa kuratidzwa pazviratidzwa, zvichiita kuti vanhu vayemurwe naA. Scriabin uye maartist eNyika yeArt. Kufarira kwaiva kuwirirana. Mucherechedzo werudo weČiurlionis, iyo cosmic cult yemamiriro ekunze - gungwa, zuva, vavariro dzekukwira kune inopenya nhongonya kuseri kweshiri inobhururuka yeMufaro - zvese izvi zvinoenderana nemifananidzo-zviratidzo zveA. Scriabin, L. Andreev, M. Gorky, A. Blok. Ivo zvakare vanounzwa pamwe chete nechishuwo chekubatanidza kwehunyanzvi, hunhu hwenguva. Mune basa reČiurlionis, nhetembo, mifananidzo uye mimhanzi yemafungiro epfungwa inowanzoonekwa panguva imwe chete. Saka, muna 1907, akapedza symphonic nhetembo "Gungwa", uye pashure akanyora piyano kutenderera "Gungwa" uye inoyevedza triptych "Sonata paGungwa" (1908). Pamwe chete nepiyano sonatas uye fugues pane mifananidzo "Sonata of the Stars", "Sonata of Spring", "Sonata of the Sun", "Fugue"; nhetembo kutenderera "Autumn Sonata". Kufanana kwavo kuri mukuzivikanwa kwemifananidzo, nenzira isina kujeka yeruvara, muchishuvo chekuisa mutinhimira unogara uchidzokororwa uye unogara uchichinja weMasikirwo - Iyo huru Universe inogadzirwa nekufungidzira uye kufunga kwemuimbi: “… The wider. mapapiro akavhurika zvakanyanya, kana denderedzwa rakawanda richitenderera, zvinova nyore, uye munhu anowedzera kufara…” (M. K. Ciurlionis). Hupenyu hwaČiurlionis hwakanga hupfupi kwazvo. Akafa mukutanga kwemasimba ake okusika, ari pachikumbaridzo chekuzivikanwa nembiri pasi rose, manheru emabasa ake makuru, asina kuwana nguva yekuita zvakawanda zvezvaakanga aronga. Kufanana nemeteor, chipo chake cheunyanzvi chakaputika ndokubuda, chichitisiya unyanzvi hwakasiyana, husingaenzaniswi, hwakazvarwa nekufungidzira kwechimiro chepakutanga chekusika; art iyo Romain Rolland akadana "nyika itsva zvachose".
O. Averyanova
