Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev |

Sergey Taneyev

Taneyev aive akanaka uye akajeka muhunhu hwake hwehunhu uye maitiro ake anoera akasarudzika kune art. L. Sabaneev

Mumhanzi weRussia wekutanga kwezana remakore, S. Taneyev inotora nzvimbo inokosha zvikuru. Mumhanzi akatanhamara uye weruzhinji, mudzidzisi, piano, nyanzvi yekutanga yemimhanzi muRussia, murume ane hunhu husingawanzo hunhu, Taneyev aive chiremera chinozivikanwa muhupenyu hwetsika yenguva yake. Zvisinei, basa guru rehupenyu hwake, kuumba, harina kuwana kuzivikanwa kwechokwadi pakarepo. Chikonzero hachisi chokuti Taneyev inyanzvi yekuvandudza, inooneka mberi kwenguva yake. Pane zvinopesana, mimhanzi yake yakawanda yakaonekwa nevanhu vepanguva yake sechinyakare, sechibereko che "professorial learning", basa rakaoma rehofisi. Kufarira kwaTaneyev kune vatenzi vekare, muJS Bach, WA Mozart, vakaita sevasinganzwisisike uye vasina nguva, akashamiswa nekuomerera kwake kumhando dzekirasi uye marudzi. Pave paya ndipo pakazonzwisiswa kurongeka kwenhoroondo kwaTaneyev, uyo aitsvaga rutsigiro rwakasimba rwemimhanzi yeRussia mupan-European heritage, achivavarira kuwanda kwepasirese kwemabasa ekugadzira.

Pakati pevamiririri vemhuri yekare inokudzwa yeTaneyevs, pakanga pane vaimbi vane zvipo zvemimhanzi - vakadai vaiva Ivan Ilyich, baba vemunyori wemangwana. Tarenda yekutanga yemukomana yakatsigirwa mumhuri, uye muna 1866 akagadzwa kuMoscow Conservatory yakanga ichangovhurwa. Mukati memadziro ayo, Taneyev akava mudzidzi waP. Tchaikovsky naN. Rubinshtein, vaviri venhamba huru muRussia yemimhanzi. Kupedza kudzidza kwakanakisa kubva kuConservatory muna 1875 (Taneyev ndiye akatanga munhoroondo yake kupihwa iyo Grand Gold Medal) inovhura tarisiro yakakura kune muimbi wechidiki. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvemitambo yekonzati, uye kudzidzisa, uye zvakadzama basa remunyori. Asi kutanga Taneyev anoita rwendo kunze kwenyika.

Kugara muParis, kusangana neEuropean tsika nharaunda kwakave nemhedzisiro yakasimba kune anogamuchira ane makore makumi maviri muimbi. Taneyev anoongorora zvakare zvakanyanya zvaakaita munyika yake uye anosvika pakugumisa kuti dzidzo yake, zvese zvemimhanzi uye zvekubatsira vanhu, hazvina kukwana. Ataura hurongwa hwakasimba, anotanga kushanda nesimba pakuwedzera mahorizoni ake. Basa iri rakaenderera mberi kwehupenyu hwake hwose, nekuda kwekuti Taneyev akakwanisa kuva pamwe chete nevanhu vakadzidza zvikuru venguva yake.

Izvo zvakafanana zvakarongeka zvine chinangwa zvinogara mukuita kwaTaneyev kuumba. Aida kunyatso ziva hupfumi hweEuropean mimhanzi tsika, kuti aifunge zvakare paivhu rake rekuzvarwa reRussia. Kazhinji, sekudavirwa kwemunyori wechidiki, mimhanzi yeRussia haina midzi yezvakaitika kare, inofanira kuenzanisa ruzivo rwemhando dzekare dzeEurope - kunyanya polyphonic. Mudzidzi uye muteveri waTchaikovsky, Taneyev anowana nzira yake, achibatanidza rwiyo rwerudo uye classicist austerity yekutaura. Uku kusanganiswa kwakakosha kune maitiro aTaneyev, kutanga kubva pane zvakaitika kare zvemunyori. Peak yekutanga pano yaiva imwe yemabasa ake akanakisisa - cantata "John weDhamasiko" (1884), iyo yakaratidza kutanga kweshanduro yenyika yerudzi urwu mumhanzi weRussia.

Mumhanzi wekwaya chikamu chakakosha chenhaka yaTaneyev. Muimbi akanzwisisa rudzi rwekwaya sechikamu chepamusoro-soro, epic, fungidziro yehuzivi. Saka sitiroko huru, kukosha kwenziyo dzake dzekwaya. Sarudzo yedetembi zvakare yakasikwa: F. Tyutchev, Ya. Polonsky, K. Balmont, mune mavhesi Taneyev anosimbisa mifananidzo yekuzvimiririra, hukuru hwemufananidzo wenyika. Uye pane chimwe chiratidzo mukuti nzira yekusika yaTaneyev inoumbwa nemacantatas maviri - rwiyo rwepamoyo "John weDhamasiko" zvichibva padetembo raAK Tolstoy uye monumental fresco "Mushure mekuverenga pisarema" paSt. A. Khomyakov, basa rekupedzisira remunyori.

Oratorio inowanikwawo mukugadzirwa kukuru kwaTaneyev - opera trilogy "Oresteia" (maererano naAeschylus, 1894). Mumafungiro ake kune opera, Taneyev anoita seanopesana nezvino: pasinei nezvose zvisingabvumirwi nekubatana neRussia epic tsika (Ruslan naLyudmila naM. Glinka, Judith naA. Serov), Oresteia ari kunze kwekutungamira maitiro e opera theatre. yenguva yayo. Taneyev anofarira munhu sechiratidzo chepasi rose, mumatambudziko echiGiriki ekare ari kutsvaga zvaaitsvaga muunyanzvi muhuwandu - husingagumi uye hwakanaka, pfungwa yehutsika muchimiro chekare chakakwana. Rima rematsotsi rinopikiswa nechikonzero uye nechiedza - iyo yepakati pfungwa yeclassical art inosimbiswa zvakare muOresteia.

Iyo Symphony muC minor, imwe yemakona emumhanzi wechiridzwa cheRussia, ine chirevo chimwe chete. Taneyev akawana musymphony mubatanidzwa chaiwo weRussia neEuropean, kunyanya tsika yaBeethoven. Pfungwa ye symphony inosimbisa kukunda kwekutanga kweharmonic kutanga, umo mutambo wakaoma wemutambo wekutanga unogadziriswa. Iyo cyclic yechina-chikamu chimiro chebasa, kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvega zvakavakirwa pamisimboti yechinyakare, inodudzirwa nenzira yakasarudzika. Nokudaro, pfungwa yekubatana kwekunze inoshandurwa naTaneyev kuva nzira yekubatanidza leitmotif ye branched, ichipa kuwirirana kwakakosha kwekusimudzira cyclic. Mune izvi, munhu anogona kunzwa simba risina mubvunzo rekudanana, ruzivo rwaF. Liszt naR. Wagner, vakadudzirwa, zvisinei, maererano nemhando dzakajeka dzekirasi.

Mupiro waTaneyev kumunda wekamuri yemimhanzi yemimhanzi yakakosha zvikuru. Iyo Russian chamber ensemble ine chikwereti chekubudirira kwayo kwaari, iyo yakanyanya kurongedza kuenderera mberi kweiyo genre munguva yeSoviet mumabasa aN. Myaskovsky, D. Shostakovich, V. Shebalin. Tarenda raTaneyev rakanyatsoenderana nekugadzirwa kwemumhanzi wekamuri, iyo, maererano naB. Asafiev, "ine mutsara wayo mune zvinyorwa, kunyanya munharaunda yehungwaru hwepamusoro, mumunda wekufungisisa nekufungisisa." Kusarudzwa kwakasimba, hupfumi hwenzira dzinoratidza, kunyora kwakakwenenzverwa, kwakakosha mumhando dzekamuri, zvakagara zvakangogara zvakanakira Taneyev. Polyphony, organic kumaitiro emunyori, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mutambo dzake quartets, mu ensembles nekutora chikamu kwepiyano - Trio, Quartet uye Quintet, chimwe chezvakanakisa zvisikwa zvemunyori. Iyo yakasarudzika melodic hupfumi hwe ensembles, kunyanya zvikamu zvadzo zvinononoka, kuchinjika uye hupamhi hwekuvandudzwa kwethematics, padyo nemahara, emvura mafomu erwiyo rwevanhu.

Melodic kusiyana-siyana hunhu hwerudo rwaTaneyev, mazhinji acho akawana mukurumbira wakawanda. Mhando dzerudo dzechinyakare dzechinyakare uye dzemifananidzo, dzinorondedzera-ballad dziri pedyo zvakaenzana nehunhu hwemunyori. Achida kutaura nezvemufananidzo wechinyorwa chedetembo, Taneyev akafunga izwi iri sechinhu chinotsanangudza hunyanzvi hwese. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti akanga ari mumwe wekutanga kudana romances "nhetembo dzezwi uye piyano".

Hungwaru hwepamusoro hunowanikwa muhunhu hwaTaneyev hwakanyanya kuratidzwa mumabasa ake emumhanzi, pamwe neake akafara, echokwadi acetic pedagogical chiitiko. Zvido zvesayenzi zveTaneyev zvakabva pakugadzira pfungwa dzake. Saka, maererano naB. Yavorsky, “aifarira zvikuru kuti vanatenzi vakadai saBach, Mozart, Beethoven vakawana sei unyanzvi hwavo.” Uye ndezvemuzvarirwo kuti Taneyev's yakakura theoretical kudzidza "Mobile counterpoint yekunyora kwakasimba" yakazvipira kune polyphony.

Taneyev aiva mudzidzisi akaberekwa. Kutanga, nokuti akatanga nzira yake yokusika nokungwarira uye aigona kudzidzisa vamwe zvaakanga adzidza. Pakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi rakanga risiri chimiro chemunhu, asi misimboti, yepasi rose yekuumbwa kwenziyo. Ndicho chikonzero chifananidzo chekugadzira chevanyori vakapfuura nekirasi yeTaneyev yakasiyana zvikuru. S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, N. Medtner, An. Alexandrov, S. Vasilenko, R. Glier, A. Grechaninov, S. Lyapunov, Z. Paliashvili, A. Stanchinsky nevamwe vakawanda - Taneyev akakwanisa kupa mumwe nomumwe wavo nheyo huru iyo humwe hwomudzidzi hwakabudirira.

Basa rakasiyana-siyana rekugadzira raTaneyev, iro risina kukanganisa muna 1915, rakakosha zvikuru kune unyanzvi hweRussia. Sekureva kwaAsafiev, "Taneyev ...

S. Savenko

Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev ndiye muimbi mukuru wekutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nerechiXNUMX. Mudzidzi weNG Rubinstein naTchaikovsky, mudzidzisi weScriabin, Rachmaninov, Medtner. Pamwe chete naTchaikovsky, ndiye mukuru wechikoro chevanyori veMoscow. Nzvimbo yaro yezvakaitika kare inofananidzwa neiyo iyo Glazunov yaigara muSt. Muchizvarwa ichi chevaimbi, kunyanya, vaviri vanonzi vanyori vakatanga kuratidza kuwirirana kwezvinhu zvekugadzira zveNew Russian School uye mudzidzi waAnton Rubinstein - Tchaikovsky; kuvadzidzi veGlazunov naTaneyev, maitiro aya acharamba achifambira mberi zvakanyanya.

Upenyu hwekusika hwaTaneyev hwakanga hwakanyanyisa uye hwakasiyana-siyana. Zviitwa zveTaneyev, musayendisiti, piano, mudzidzisi, zvakabatana zvisingaite nebasa raTaneyev, munyori. Kupindirana, kupupurira kutendeseka kwekufunga kwemimhanzi, kunogona kuteverwa, semuenzaniso, mumafungiro aTaneyev kune polyphony: munhoroondo yeRussia mimhanzi tsika, anoita zvose semunyori wezvidzidzo zvitsva "Mobile counterpoint yekunyora zvakasimba" uye "Kudzidzisa. nezve kanoni", uye semudzidzisi wezvidzidzo zvekupikisa zvakagadziriswa naye uye fugues kuMoscow Conservatory, uye semusiki wemabasa emimhanzi, kusanganisira piyano, umo polyphony inzira ine simba yekufananidzira uye kuumbwa.

Taneyev ndomumwe wevatambi vepiyano vakuru venguva yake. Mune repertoire yake, maitiro ekuvhenekera akaratidzwa zvakajeka: kusavapo kwakakwana kwezvidimbu zvevirtuoso zvemhando ye salon (iyo yakanga isingawanzoitiki kunyange mu70s uye 80s), kuiswa muzvirongwa zvemabasa akanga asingawanzonzwiki kana kutamba kwekutanga ( kunyanya, mabasa matsva naTchaikovsky naArensky). Aive mutambi akatanhamara, akaitwa naLS Auer, G. Venyavsky, AV Verzhbilovich, Czech Quartet, airidza piyano munziyo dzekamuri naBeethoven, Tchaikovsky newake. Mumunda wepiyano pedagogy, Taneyev akanga ari mutevedzeri uye mutsivi weNG Rubinshtein. Basa raTaneyev mukuumbwa kwechikoro chepiyano cheMoscow hachina kugumira pakudzidzisa piyano panzvimbo yekuchengetedza. Huru hwakanga huri pesvedzero yepiyano yaTaneyev kune vanyori vakadzidza mumakirasi ake edzidziso, papiyano repertoire yavakasika.

Taneyev akaita basa rinokosha mukuvandudza dzidzo yeRussian vocational. Muchikamu chedzidziso yemimhanzi, mabasa ake aive mumativi maviri makuru: kudzidzisa makosi ekumanikidzirwa uye kudzidzisa vaimbi mumakirasi edzidziso dzemimhanzi. Akanyatsobatanidza hutongi hwekubatana, polyphony, instrumentation, nzira yemafomu ane unyanzvi hwekuumbwa. Mastery "yakamuwanira kukosha kwaipfuura miganhu yebasa remaoko nehunyanzvi ... uye yaive, pamwe neruzivo runoshanda rwekuumba nekuvaka mimhanzi, zvidzidzo zvine musoro zvezvinhu zvemimhanzi sekufunga," BV Asafiev akapokana. Kuve mutungamiriri weConservatory muhafu yechipiri ye80s, uye mumakore akatevera munhu anoshingaira mudzidzo yemimhanzi, Taneyev ainyanya kunetseka pamusoro pehupamhi hwemimhanzi uye dzidziso yekudzidziswa kwevaimbi vechidiki-vaimbi, nezve democratization yehupenyu hwehupenyu. iyo Conservatory. Akanga ari pakati pevarongi uye vatori vechikamu vanoshingaira vePeople's Conservatory, mapoka akawanda ezvidzidzo, sangano resayenzi "Musical and Theoretical Library".

Taneyev akateerera zvakanyanya pakudzidza kwevanhu vemimhanzi yekugadzira. Akarekodha uye akagadzirisa dzinenge makumi matatu nziyo dzeUkraine, dzakashanda pangano dzeRussia. Muzhizha ra1885, akaenda kuNorth Caucasus neSvaneti, kwaakanyora nziyo nenziyo dzevanhu vekuNorth Caucasus. Chinyorwa "Pamusoro peMumhanzi weMountain Tatars", yakanyorwa pahwaro hwekutarisa kwevanhu, ndiyo yekutanga yenhoroondo uye yedzidziso yezvidzidzo zvengano dzeCaucasus. Taneyev akashanda nesimba mubasa reMoscow Musical and Ethnographic Commission, rakabudiswa muzvikamu zvemabasa ayo.

Taneyev's biography haina kupfuma muzviitiko - kana kumonyoroka kwekupedzisira kunongoerekana kwachinja mararamiro ehupenyu, kana "zverudo" zviitiko. Mumwe mudzidzi weMoscow Conservatory yekutanga kutora, akabatanidzwa nechechi yake yekudzidzira dzidzo kweanenge makore makumi mana uye akasiya masvingo ayo muna 1905, mukubatana nevamwe vake veSt. Petersburg neshamwari - Rimsky-Korsakov naGlazunov. Taneyev mabasa akaitika anenge chete muRussia. Achangopedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory muna 1875, akaita rwendo naNG Rubinstein kuenda kuGreece neItaly; akagara muParis kwenguva yakareba muhafu yechipiri ye70s uye muna 1880, asi gare gare, muma1900s, akafamba kwenguva pfupi chete kuGermany neCzech Republic kunotora chikamu mukuita kwezvinyorwa zvake. Muna 1913, Sergei Ivanovich akashanyira Salzburg, kwaaishanda zvinhu kubva Mozart archive.

SI Taneev ndomumwe wevaimbi vakadzidza zvikuru venguva yake. Hunhu hwevanyori vekuRussia vechikamu chekupedzisira chezana ramakore, kuwedzera kweiyo innational base yekusika muTaneyev kunobva paruzivo rwakadzama, rwakakwana rwemabhuku emimhanzi enguva dzakasiyana, ruzivo rwakawanikwa naye kunyanya pakuchengetedza, uyezve se. muteereri wemakonzati muMoscow, St. Petersburg, Paris. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha muchiitiko chekunzwa kwaTaneyev ibasa rekudzidzisa panzvimbo yekuchengetedza, iyo "pedagogical" nzira yekufunga seyekufananidza yekare yakaunganidzwa nehunyanzvi ruzivo. Nokufamba kwenguva, Taneyev akatanga kugadzira raibhurari yake (ikozvino yakachengetwa kuMoscow Conservatory), uye kuziva kwake mabhuku emimhanzi anowana mamwe maficha: pamwe nekutamba, "ziso" kuverenga. Chiitiko chaTaneyev uye maonero ake haasi chete ruzivo rwemuteereri wemakonti, asiwo "muverengi" asinganeti wemimhanzi. Zvose izvi zvakaratidzwa mukuumbwa kwemaitiro.

Zviitiko zvekutanga zveMumhanzi biography yaTaneyev zvakasiyana. Kusiyana nevanyori vese veRussia vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, haana kutanga hunyanzvi hwake hwemimhanzi nekuumbwa; nziyo dzake dzekutanga dzakamuka mukuita uye semugumisiro wezvidzidzo zvevadzidzi zvakarongeka, uye izvi zvakare zvakasarudza rudzi rwemhando uye maitiro ezvinyorwa zvemabasa ake ekutanga.

Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvebasa raTaneyev zvinoreva hupamhi hwemimhanzi uye nhoroondo. Mumwe anogona kutaura zvakakwana pamusoro peTchaikovsky pasina kunyange kutaura zvisikwa zvevatenzi vemaitiro akaoma uye baroque. Asi hazvibviri kuratidza zviri mukati, pfungwa, chimiro, mutauro wemimhanzi wenziyo dzaTaneyev pasina kutaura nezvebasa revanyori vechikoro cheDutch, Bach naHandel, classics yeViennese, Western European romantic composers. Uye, zvechokwadi, vanyori veRussia - Bortnyansky, Glinka, A. Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky, uye vaTaneyev vemazuva ano - St. Petersburg masters, uye galaxy yevadzidzi vake, pamwe chete nevatenzi veRussia vemakumi emakore akatevera, kusvikira nhasi.

Izvi zvinoratidza hunhu hwemunhu Taneyev, "kusangana" nehunhu hwenguva. Iyo nhoroondo yekufunga kwehunyanzvi, hunhu hwehafu yechipiri uye kunyanya kupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, hwaive hwakanyanya hunhu hwaTaneyev. Zvidzidzo munhoroondo kubva paudiki, mafungiro epositivist kune nhoroondo yezvakaitika, zvakaratidzwa mudenderedzwa rekuverenga kwaTaneyev kunozivikanwa kwatiri, sechikamu cheraibhurari yake, mukufarira kuunganidzwa kwemu museum, kunyanya mauto ekare, akarongwa naIV Tsvetaev, uyo. yaiva pedyo naye (yava kunzi Museum of Fine Arts). Muchivako chemu museum iyi, chivanze cheGreece uye chivanze cheRenaissance chakaonekwa, imba yeEgypt yekuratidza kuunganidza kweEgipita, nezvimwewo. Yakarongwa, inodiwa yakawanda-style.

Maonero matsva pamusoro penhaka akaumba misimboti mitsva yekugadzira maitiro. Vatsvagiri veWestern Europe vanotsanangura maitiro ezvivakwa zvehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nezwi rekuti "historicism"; mumabhuku edu ehunyanzvi, pfungwa ye "eclecticism" inosimbiswa - kwete nenzira yekuongorora, asi setsanangudzo ye "chiitiko chakakosha chehunyanzvi chinowanikwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX." Muchivakwa chenguva yaigara "kare" maitiro; vagadziri vakatarisa zvese mugothic uye mune classicism senzvimbo dzekutanga dzemhinduro dzemazuva ano. Artistic pluralism yakazviratidza nenzira ine mativi mazhinji mumabhuku echiRussia panguva iyoyo. Kubva pakushanda kwekushanda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakasiyana-siyana, "synthetic" style alloys yakagadzirwa - semuenzaniso, mubasa raDostoevsky. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumumhanzi.

Muchiedza chekuenzanisa pamusoro apa, kufarira kwaTaneyev munhaka yemimhanzi yeEurope, mumataira ayo makuru, hairatidzike se "relic" (izwi rinobva pakuongorora kwe "Mozartian" basa remunyori uyu ndiro quartet muE. -flat chikuru), asi sechiratidzo chake (uye remangwana!) Nguva. Mumutsara mumwe chete - kusarudzwa kwechirongwa chekare cheiyo chete yakapera opera "Oresteia" - sarudzo yaiita seyakajairika kune vanotsoropodza opera uye yakasikwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Kufanotaura kwemuimbi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzedimikira, nzira dzekutaura, stylistic layers inotariswa zvakanyanya nehupenyu hwake, kugadzirwa kwepfungwa, uye hunyoro. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana - zvinyorwa, tsamba, diaries, memoirs yemazuva ano - inojekesa hunhu hwaTaneyev nekukwana kwakakwana. Vanoratidza mufananidzo wemunhu anobata zvinhu zvekunzwa nesimba rekufunga, uyo anofarira huzivi (kunyanya zvese - Spinoza), masvomhu, chess, anotenda mukufambira mberi kwevanhu uye mukana wekurongeka kwehupenyu. .

Maererano naTaneyev, pfungwa ye "intellectualism" inowanzoshandiswa uye yakarurama. Hazvisi nyore kuburitsa chirevo ichi kubva munzvimbo yekunzwa kuenda munzvimbo yehumbowo. Imwe yezvisimbiso zvekutanga ndeyekusika kufarira zvitaera zvakaratidzwa nehungwaru - iyo Yekumusoro Renaissance, yakanonoka Baroque uye Classicism, pamwe nemhando uye mafomu ainyanya kuratidza zvakajeka mitemo yekufunga, kunyanya sonata-symphonic. Uku ndiko kubatana kwezvinangwa zvakatemerwa uye sarudzo dzehunyanzvi dziri muTaneyev: iyi ndiyo nzira iyo pfungwa ye "Russian polyphony" yakamera, yakatakurwa kuburikidza neanoverengeka mabasa ekuedza uye kupa chaizvo hunyanzvi nhungirwa mu "John weDhamasiko"; iyi ndiyo nzira yemaitiro eViennese classics yakaitwa; maficha emumhanzi dramaturgy yeakakura, akakura kutenderera akatemwa semhando yakakosha ye monothematism. Mhando iyi ye monothematism pachayo inosimbisa maitiro ekugadzirisa anofambidzana nemafungiro ekuita kusvika pamwero mukuru kupfuura "hupenyu hwemanzwiro", saka kudiwa kwemafomu e-cyclical uye kunyanya kunetseka kwekupedzisira - migumisiro yekuvandudza. Iyo inotsanangura hunhu ndiyo yekufungidzira, iyo yehuzivi kukosha kwemimhanzi; chimiro chakadaro che thematism chakaumbwa, umo madingindira emimhanzi anodudzirwa kwete senge thesis inofanira kukudziridzwa, pane "kuzvimiririra" mufananidzo wemumhanzi (semuenzaniso, uine rwiyo). Nzira dzebasa rake dzinopupurirawo kune intellectualism yaTaneyev.

Intellectualism uye kutenda mukufunga kwakazvarwa kune maartist avo, nekutaura, ndeve "classical" mhando. Zvinhu zvakakosha zverudzi urwu rweunhu hwekusika zvinoratidzwa muchishuvo chekujekesa, kusimbisa, kuwirirana, kukwana, kubudiswa kwekugara, zvisikwa zvose, kunaka. Zvingave zvisina kunaka, zvisinei, kufungidzira nyika yemukati yeTaneyev serene, isina kupesana. Imwe yeakakosha simba rekutyaira kune iyi muimbi kurwira pakati pemuimbi nemufungi. Wekutanga akafunga kuti ndezvemuzvarirwo kutevera nzira yaTchaikovsky nevamwe - kugadzira mabasa akagadzirirwa kuita mumakonti, kunyora nenzira yakasimbiswa. Zverudo zvakawanda, masymphonies ekutanga akamuka. Yechipiri yakakwezvwa zvisingadzivisiki kutarisiro, kufungidziro uye, zvisingaite, kunzwisiswa kwenhoroondo yebasa remunyori, kukuedza kwesainzi uye kugadzira. Panzira iyi, iyo Netherlandish Fantasy paRussia Theme, akakura chiridzwa uye kwaya kutenderera, uye Mobile Counterpoint yeStrict Writing yakasimuka. Nzira yekugadzira yaTaneyev inonyanya nhoroondo yemafungiro uye kushandiswa kwavo.

Zvose izvi zvigadziro zvakasimbiswa muchokwadi chehupenyu hwaTaneyev, mumutauro wezvinyorwa zvake zvemimhanzi, maitiro ekugadzira, epistolary (apo pane gwaro rakasiyana-siyana - tsamba yake naPI Tchaikovsky), uye pakupedzisira, diaries.

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Nhaka yaTaneyev semunyori yakakura uye yakasiyana. Munhu chaiye - uye panguva imwechete anoratidza - ndiwo rudzi rwemhando yenhaka iyi; zvakakosha pakunzwisisa nhoroondo uye stylistic matambudziko ebasa raTaneyev. Kusavapo kwepurogiramu-symphonic nziyo, ballets (muzviitiko zvose - kwete kunyange pfungwa imwe chete); opera imwe chete yakaziva, uyezve, yakanyanya "atypical" maererano nezvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye chirongwa; ina symphonies, iyo imwe yakabudiswa nemunyori anenge makumi maviri emakore asati apera basa rake. Pamwe chete neizvi - maviri lyric-philosophical cantatas (chikamu rumutsiriro, asi mumwe angati, kuberekwa kwerudzi), akawanda enziyo dzekwaya. Uye pakupedzisira, chinhu chikuru - makumi maviri chamber-instrumental cycles.

Kune mamwe marudzi, Taneyev, sokunge zvakadaro, akapa upenyu hutsva pavhu reRussia. Vamwe vakazadzwa nekukosha kwaisagara mavari kare. Mamwe mabhii, anochinja mukati, anoperekedza muimbi muhupenyu hwake hwese - zverudo, kwaya. Kana dziri mimhanzi yezviridzwa, imwe kana imwe mhando inouya pamberi munguva dzakasiyana dzekuita kwekugadzira. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti mumakore ekukura kwemuvambi, rudzi rwakasarudzwa runonyanya kuva nebasa, kana kwete maitiro-maitiro, saka, sezviri, "maitiro-anomiririra". Sezvo akasika muna 1896-1898 symphony muC minor - yechina mumutsara - Taneyev haana kunyora mamwe ma symphonies. Kusvikira 1905, kutarisisa kwake kwakasarudzika mumunda wemimhanzi yezviridzwa kwakapihwa kune tambo ensembles. Mumakore gumi ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, ensembles pamwe nekutora chikamu kwepiyano kwave kwakanyanya kukosha. Kusarudzwa kwevashandi vanoita zvinoratidza hukama hwepedyo nemafungiro uye unyanzvi hwemimhanzi.

Taneyev's biography yemunyori anoratidza kukura kusingagumi uye kukura. Nzira yakafambiswa kubva murudo rwekutanga ine chekuita nechikamu chekugadzira mimhanzi yemumba kusvika kumitambo mitsva ye "nhetembo dzezwi nepiyano" yakakura; kubva kumakwaya madiki uye asina kuomesesa matatu akaburitswa muna 1881 kusvika kumakwikwi makuru eop. 27 uye op. 35 kumashoko aY. Polonsky naK. Balmont; kubva kune ekutanga ensembles ezviridzwa, izvo zvisina kuburitswa munguva yehupenyu hwemunyori, kune rudzi rwe "chamber symphony" - piano quintet muG minor. Yechipiri cantata - "Mushure mekuverenga pisarema" zvose zvinopedzisa uye korona yebasa raTaneyev. Iro zvamazvirokwazvo ibasa rokupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo, hongu, harina kunambwa saizvozvo; munyori akanga achizorarama uye kushanda kwenguva yakareba uye zvakasimba. Isu tinoziva nezvehurongwa hwekongiri hwaTaneyev husina kuzadzikiswa.

Mukuwedzera, nhamba huru yepfungwa dzakamuka muupenyu hwose hwaTaneyev yakaramba isina kuzadzikiswa kusvika kumagumo. Kunyangwe mushure memasimfoni matatu, akati wandei quartets uye trios, sonata yeviolin nepiyano, akawanda e orchestral, piano uye zvidimbu zvezwi zvakaburitswa mushure mekufa - zvese izvi zvakasiiwa nemunyori mudura - kunyangwe ikozvino zvingave zvichikwanisika kuburitsa yakakura. huwandu hwezvinhu zvakapararira. Ichi chikamu chechipiri che quartet muC minor, uye zvinhu zve cantatas "The Legend of the Cathedral of Constance" uye "Three Palms" ye opera "Hero uye Leander", zvidimbu zvakawanda zvekushandisa. A "counter-parallel" inomuka naTchaikovsky, uyo airamba pfungwa iyi, kana kuti akapinda nemusoro mubasa, kana, pakupedzisira, akashandisa zvinyorwa mune dzimwe nziyo. Hapana kana dhizaini rakagadzirwa neimwe nzira raigona kukandwa nekusingaperi, nekuti kuseri kwechimwe nechimwe kwaive nekukosha, manzwiro, mafungiro emunhu, chidimbu chako chakaiswa mune chimwe nechimwe. Hunhu hweTaneyev hwekugadzira mafungiro akasiyana, uye zvirongwa zvezvinyorwa zvake zvinotaridzika zvakasiyana. Saka, semuenzaniso, chirongwa chechirongwa chisina kuzadziswa chepiyano sonata muF chikuru chinopa nhamba, kurongeka, makiyi ezvikamu, kunyangwe iwo mameseji ehurongwa hwetoni: "Chikamu chedivi mutoni huru / Scherzo f-moll 2/4 / Andante Des-dur / Finale”.

Tchaikovsky zvakaitikawo kuti agadzire zvirongwa zvemabasa makuru emangwana. Chirongwa cheiyo symphony "Hupenyu" (1891) chinozivikanwa: "Chikamu chekutanga ndechekukurudzira, kuvimba, nyota yekuita. Inofanira kuva pfupi (yekupedzisira rufu mugumisiro wokuparadzwa. Mugove wechipiri ndirwo rudo; kuodzwa mwoyo kwechitatu; yechina inopera nekupera (zvakare pfupi). SaTaneyev, Tchaikovsky anotsanangura zvikamu zvekutenderera, asi pane musiyano mukuru pakati pezvirongwa izvi. Pfungwa yaTchaikovsky yakanangana nezviitiko zvehupenyu - zvizhinji zvezvinangwa zvaTaneyev zvinoziva mikana ine musoro yenzira dzinoratidza mimhanzi. Zvechokwadi, hapana chikonzero chekubvisa mabasa aTaneyev kubva muupenyu hwehupenyu, manzwiro ayo uye kupesana, asi chiyero chekuyananisa mavari chakasiyana. Iyi mhando yekusiyana kweiyo typological yakaratidzwa ne LA Mazel; vanojekesa zvikonzero zvekusanzwisisika kwakakwana kwemimhanzi yaTaneyev, kufarirwa kusina kukwana kwemapeji akawanda ayo akanaka. Asi ivo, ngatiwedzerei isu pachedu, vanoratidzawo muumbi weimba yekuchengetera yerudo - uye musiki anokwevera kune classicism; nguva dzakasiyana.

Chinhu chikuru muchimiro chaTaneyev chinogona kutsanangurwa sehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvine kubatana kwemukati uye kutendeseka (kunonzwisiswa sehukama pakati pezvinhu zvega uye zvikamu zvemutauro wemimhanzi). Zvakasiyana-siyana pano zvinogadziriswa zvakanyanya, zvichienderana nechido chikuru uye chinangwa chemuimbi. Iyo organic nature (uye dhigirii reiyi organicity mune mamwe mabasa) yekuitwa kweakasiyana stylistic zvinyorwa, kuve chikamu chekunzwa uye nekudaro, sekunge, empirical, inoratidzwa mukuita kwekuongorora zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa. Muzvinyorwa pamusoro paTaneyev, pfungwa yakanaka yakagara ichiratidzwa kuti pesvedzero yemimhanzi yechinyakare uye basa revanyori verudo rinosanganisirwa mumabasa ake, pesvedzero yaTchaikovsky yakasimba kwazvo, uye kuti iko kusanganiswa uku ndiko kunonyanya kutsanangura mavambo. yemaitiro aTaneyev. Iko kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvemumhanzi romanticism uye classical art - yekupedzisira baroque uye Viennese classics - yaive mhando yechiratidzo chenguva. Hunhu hunhu, kukwezva kwemifungo kutsika dzepasirese, chishuwo chekuwana rutsigiro munheyo dzisingaperi dzeunyanzvi hwemimhanzi - zvese izvi zvakatemerwa, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kuda kwaTaneyev kune mumhanzi classicism. Asi unyanzvi hwake, hwakatanga munguva yeRomantic, hunotakura zviratidzo zvakawanda zveiyo ine simba yezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. Kupokana kunozivikanwa pakati pechimiro chemunhu uye chimiro cheiyo epoch chakazviratidza pachena mumhanzi waTaneyev.

Taneyev inyanzvi yeRussia yakadzama, kunyangwe chimiro chenyika chebasa rake chichizviratidza zvisina kunanga kupfuura pakati pevakuru vake (Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov) uye mudiki (Rakhmaninov, Stravinsky, Prokofiev) venguva yake. Pakati pezvinhu zvekubatana kwemarudzi akawanda ebasa raTaneyev neinonzwisiswa zvikuru tsika yemimhanzi yevanhu, tinocherechedza chimiro chemhanzi, uyewo - izvo, zvisinei, zvisinganyanyi kukosha kwaari - kushandiswa (kunyanya mumabasa ekutanga) ye melodic, harmonic. uye zvimiro zvemasamples engano.

Asi zvimwe zvinhu hazvina kukosha, uye chikuru pakati pacho ndechekuti muimbi ari mwanakomana wenyika yake pane imwe nguva munhoroondo yayo, kusvika papi paanoratidza maonero enyika, mafungiro evezera rake. Kusimba kwekufambiswa kwemanzwiro epasirese emunhu weRussia muchikamu chekupedzisira chechiXNUMX - makumi emakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX mumhanzi waTaneyev hauna hukuru hwekuisa zvishuwo zvenguva mumabasa ake (sezvazvingaite. akati nezve geniuses - Tchaikovsky kana Rachmaninov). Asi Taneyev aive nehukama hwakasimba uye hwepedyo nenguva; akataura nyika yemweya yenzvimbo yakanakisa yevakangwara veRussia, nehunhu hwayo hwepamusoro, kutenda mune ramangwana rakajeka revanhu, kubatana kwayo neakanakisa munhaka yetsika yenyika. Kusaparadzaniswa kwehutsika uye kunaka, kuzvidzora uye kuchena mukuratidza chokwadi uye kuratidza manzwiro anosiyanisa hunyanzvi hweRussia mukati mekukura kwayo uye ndechimwe chezvinhu zveunhu hwenyika mune art. Kujekesa kwemumhanzi waTaneyev uye zvese zvaanoshuvira mumunda wekugadzira zvakare chikamu chetsika yedemocracy yeRussia.

Chimwe chikamu chenyika yenyika yeunyanzvi, iyo yakakosha zvikuru maererano nenhaka yeTaneyev, ndeyekusaparadzaniswa kwayo kubva kune unyanzvi hwemimhanzi yeRussia tsika. Iyi yekubatanidza haina kumira, asi yekushanduka uye mobile. Uye kana mabasa ekutanga aTaneyev akamutsa mazita aBortnyansky, Glinka, uye kunyanya Tchaikovsky, ipapo munguva dzinotevera mazita aGlazunov, Scriabin, Rachmaninov anobatana nevaya vanonzi. Nziyo dzekutanga dzaTaneyev, zera rakafanana neyekutanga symphonies yaTchaikovsky, yakatorawo zvakawanda kubva kune aesthetics uye nhetembo dze "Kuchkism"; iyo yekupedzisira inopindirana nemaitiro uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwevadiki venguva, avo ivo pachavo vaive munzira dzakawanda vagari venhaka yeTaneyev.

Mhinduro yaTaneyev kuWestern "modernism" (kunyanya, kumitambo yemimhanzi yenguva yekupedzisira yeRomanticism, Impressionism, uye yekutanga Expressionism) yaive nenzira dzakawanda munhoroondo yakaganhurwa, asi zvakare yaive nezvakakosha kumimhanzi yeRussia. NaTaneyev uye (kusvika pamwero wakati, kuvonga kwaari) nevamwe vanyori veRussia vekutanga uye hafu yekutanga yezana ramakore redu, kufamba kune zvitsva mukugadzira mimhanzi kwakaitwa pasina kutyora neinonyanya kukosha iyo yakaunganidzwa mumimhanzi yeEurope. . Pakanga pane zvakare kuderera kune izvi: njodzi yeacademism. Mumabasa akanakisisa aTaneyev pachake, hazvina kuonekwa mune izvi, asi mumabasa evadzidzi vake vakawanda (uye zvino vakanganwa) uye epigones zvakaratidzwa zvakajeka. Zvisinei, zvakafanana zvinogona kuonekwa muzvikoro zveRimsky-Korsakov neGlazunov - mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mafungiro kune nhaka akanga asina maturo.

Iwo makuru ekufananidzira mativi emimhanzi yezviridzwa yaTaneyev, inosanganisirwa mumitambo yakawanda: inoshanda-inoshamisa (yekutanga sonata allegri, yekupedzisira); uzivi, lyrical-kufungisisa (kunyanya kujeka - Adagio); scherzo: Taneyev haazivikanwe zvachose kune mativi ehuipi, huipi, kutsvinya. Iyo yakanyanya dhigirii yekuonesa yemukati menyika yemunhu inoratidzwa mumimhanzi yaTaneyev, kuratidzwa kwemaitiro, kuyerera kwemanzwiro uye kufungidzira kunogadzira fusion yerwiyo uye epic. Taneyev's intellectualism, dzidzo yake yakafara yevanhu yakazviratidza mubasa rake nenzira dzakawanda uye zvakadzama. Chokutanga pane zvose, ichi ndicho chido chemunyori chekugadzira zvakare mumimhanzi mufananidzo wakakwana wekuve, unopesana uye wakabatana. Hwaro hweiyo inotungamira inovaka musimboti (cyclic, sonata-symphonic mafomu) yaive pfungwa yehuzivi hwepasirese. Zvemukati mumimhanzi yaTaneyev zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekuzara kwejira neinonation-thematic maitiro. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo munhu anogona kunzwisisa nayo mazwi aBV Asafiev: "Vashoma vanyori veRussia vanofunga nezvechimiro mukurarama, kusingaregi synthesis. Akadaro SI Taneev. Akasiira mimhanzi yeRussia munhaka yake kushanda kunoshamisa kweWestern symmetrical schemes, kumutsidzira kuyerera kwe symphonism mavari ... ".

Ongororo yemabasa makuru aTaneyev anotenderera anoburitsa nzira dzekuisa pasi nzira dzekutaura kune idiological uye yekufananidzira divi remimhanzi. Chimwe chazvo, sezvakataurwa, chaiva nheyo ye monothematism, iyo inovimbisa kutendeseka kwezvikamu, pamwe chete nebasa rekupedzisira rekupedzisira, iro rinonyanya kukosha kune pfungwa, unyanzvi uye zvakakodzera mimhanzi yemitambo yaTaneyev. Zvinorehwa nezvikamu zvekupedzisira semhedziso, kugadziriswa kwemakakatanwa kunopiwa nechinangwa chenzira, iyo yakasimba iyo ndiyo inoenderera mberi yekusimudzira leitme nemimwe misoro, kusanganiswa kwavo, shanduko uye synthesis. Asi munyori akasimbisa kuguma kwekupedzisira kwenguva refu pamberi pe monothematism sechinhu chinotungamira chakatonga mumimhanzi yake. Mune quartet muB-flat minor op. 4 chirevo chekupedzisira muB-flat chikuru mhedzisiro yemutsara mumwechete webudiriro. Mune quartet muD minor, op. 7 arch inogadzirwa: kutenderera kunopera nekudzokorora kwedingindira rechikamu chekutanga. Kaviri fugue yequartet yekupedzisira muC huru, op. 5 inobatanidza dingindira rechikamu ichi.

Dzimwe nzira uye maficha emutauro wemimhanzi waTaneyev, kunyanya polyphony, ane basa rakafanana. Hapana mubvunzo kuti kubatana kuri pakati pekufunga kwemunyori wepolyphonic uye kukwezva kwake kune chiridzwa ensemble uye kwaya (kana ensemble yezwi) semhando dzinotungamira. Mitsetse yenziyo yezviridzwa zvina kana zvishanu kana manzwi anotorwa uye akatemesa basa rinotungamira remasvomhu, iro rinowanikwa mune chero polyphony. Iwo ari kubuda mutsauko-thematic kubatana kwakaratidza uye, kune rumwe rutivi, yakapa monothematic sisitimu yekuvaka matenderedzwa. Intonational-thematic unity, monothematism semumhanzi uye inoshamisa musimboti uye polyphony senzira inonyanya kukosha yekukudziridza pfungwa dzemimhanzi itatu, zvikamu zvaro zvisingaparadzanisiki mumhanzi waTaneyev.

Mumwe anogona kutaura nezve maitiro aTaneyev kune linearism zvakanyanya zvine chekuita nemapolyphonic maitiro, iyo polyphonic chimiro chekufunga kwake kwemimhanzi. Manzwi mana kana mashanu akaenzana equartet, quintet, kwaya inoreva, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, melodically mobile bass, iyo, nekutaura kwakajeka kwehurmonic mabasa, inodzikamisa "simba rose" rekupedzisira. "Kune mimhanzi yemazuva ano, kuwirirana kuri kurasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekubatanidza tonal, simba rinosungirirwa remafomu ekupikisa rinofanira kunyanya kukosha," Taneyev akanyora, achizarura, sezvimwe mune dzimwe nguva, kubatana kwekunzwisisa kwezvinyorwa uye maitiro ekugadzira.

Pamwe chete nekusiyanisa, kutevedzera polyphony kwakakosha zvikuru. Fugues uye fugue mafomu, kufanana nebasa raTaneyev rose, isimbi yakaoma. SS Skrebkov akanyora nezve "synthetic features" yeTaneyev's fugues achishandisa muenzaniso wetambo quintets. Taneyev kuti polyphonic unyanzvi ari subordinated kuti holistic unyanzvi mabasa, uye izvi zvisina kunanga kunopupurirwa chokwadi chokuti mumakore ake akura (nezvimwe chete - the fugue ari piyano kutenderera op. 29) haana kunyora akazvimirira fugues. Taneyev's instrumental fugues chikamu kana chikamu chechimiro chikuru kana kutenderera. Mune izvi anotevera tsika dzeMozart, Beethoven, uye chikamu cheSchumann, achikudziridza uye achivapfumisa. Kune akawanda fugue mafomu muTaneyev's chamber cycles, uye ivo vanoonekwa, sekutonga, mumafainari, uyezve, mune reprise kana coda (quartet muC chikuru op. 5, tambo quintet op. 16, piano quartet op. 20) . Kusimbiswa kwezvikamu zvekupedzisira nemafugues kunoitikawo muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana (somuenzaniso, mumutsara quintet op. 14). Maitiro ekuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakazara zvinoratidzwa nekuzvipira kwemunyori kune akawanda-akasviba fugues, uye iyo yekupedzisira inowanzobatanidza thematic kwete chete yekupedzisira pachayo, asiwo yezvikamu zvakapfuura. Izvi zvinowana chinangwa uye kubatana kwematenderedzwa.

Mafungiro matsva kumhando yekamuri akatungamira mukuwedzera, symphonization yekamuri chimiro, monumentalization yayo kuburikidza neakaoma akagadzirwa mafomu. Mune iyi genre sphere, shanduko dzakasiyana dzemhando dzekare dzinocherechedzwa, kunyanya sonata, iyo inoshandiswa kwete chete mukunyanyisa, asiwo mukati mezvikamu zvekutenderera. Saka, mu quartet muA mudiki, op. 11, mafambiro ese mana anosanganisira sonata fomu. Iyo divertissement (yechipiri mafambiro) yakaoma-matatu-mafambiro fomu, apo zvakanyanya mafambiro akanyorwa mu sonata fomu; panguva imwe chete, pane maitiro e rondo mu Divertissement. Bato rechitatu (Adagio) rinosvika kune yakagadziridzwa sonata fomu, inofananidzwa neimwe nzira kune yekutanga kufamba kweSchumann's sonata muF inopinza diki. Kazhinji pane kusundidzirana kwemiganhu yenguva dzose yezvikamu uye zvikamu zvega. Semuenzaniso, mu scherzo yepiyano quintet muG minor, chikamu chekutanga chakanyorwa mufomu yakaoma-matatu ane chikamu, trio ifugato yakasununguka. Maitiro ekugadzirisa anotungamira pakuonekwa kweakasanganiswa, "modulating" mafomu (chikamu chechitatu che quartet muA chikuru, op. 13 - ine zvimiro zveyakaoma matatu uye rondo), kune imwe neimwe dudziro yezvikamu zvekutenderera. (mu scherzo yepiano trio muD guru, op. 22, chikamu chechipiri - trio - variation cycle).

Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti Taneyev anoshingaira ekugadzira maitiro kumatambudziko echimiro aivawo basa rakagadzirirwa. Mutsamba yakanyorerwa MI Tchaikovsky yaDecember 17, 1910, ichikurukura kutungamirirwa kwebasa revamwe "vachangopfuura" vanyori veWestern Europe, anobvunza mibvunzo: "Sei chido chezvitsva chichingogumira munzvimbo mbiri chete - kuwirirana uye instrumentation? Sei, pamwe chete neizvi, kwete chete chinhu chitsva mumunda wekupikisa chinoonekwa, asi, pane zvinopesana, chikamu ichi chiri mukuderera kukuru kana chichienzaniswa nekare? Sei zvisiri izvo chete izvo zvingave zviripo mazviri zvisingakure mumunda wemafomu, asi mafomu pachawo anova madiki uye anowira mukuora? Panguva imwecheteyo, Taneyev aiva nechokwadi chokuti sonata fomu "inopfuura vamwe vose mukusiyana kwayo, hupfumi uye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana." Nokudaro, maonero uye maitiro ekugadzira emunyori anoratidza dialectic yekudzikamisa nekugadzirisa maitiro.

Achisimbisa "rumwe rutivi" rwekusimudzira uye "huori" hwemutauro wemimhanzi unobatanidzwa nawo, Taneyev anowedzera mutsamba yakataurwa kuna MI Tchaikovsky: kune zvitsva. Pane zvakasiyana, ndinoona kudzokorora zvakataurwa kare kare kuti hazvina maturo, uye kushayikwa kwepakutanga mukugadzirwa kunoita kuti ndive ndisina hanya zvachose nazvo <...>. Zvinogoneka kuti nekufamba kwenguva hutsva huripo hunozopedzisira huchitungamira mukuzvarwa patsva kwemutauro wemimhanzi, sekushatisa kwemutauro wechiLatin nemabarbarian kwakatungamira mazana emakore anoverengeka gare gare pakubuda kwemitauro mitsva.

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Iyo "nguva yeTaneyev" haisi imwe chete, asi kanenge epochs maviri. Nziyo dzake dzekutanga, dzevechidiki "zera rimwe chete" semabasa ekutanga aTchaikovsky, uye ekupedzisira akasikwa panguva imwe chete neakanyanya kukura opus eStravinsky, Myaskovsky, Prokofiev. Taneyev akakura uye akaumbwa mumakumi emakore apo nzvimbo dzemimhanzi yerudo dzakanga dzakasimba uye, mumwe angati, akatonga. Panguva imwecheteyo, achiona maitiro enguva yemberi iri pedyo, munyori airatidza maitiro ekumutsidzira tsika dzechinyakare uye baroque, iyo yakazviratidza muGerman (Brahms uye kunyanya gare gare Reger) uye French (Frank, d'Andy) music.

Taneyev wenguva mbiri akaunza mutambo wehupenyu hwekunze hunobudirira, kusanzwisiswa kwezvishuvo zvake kunyange nevaimbi vepedyo. Mazhinji emazano ake, zvaanoda, zvishuwo zvaiita sezvisinganzwisisike, zvakagurwa kubva kune yakatenderedza hunyanzvi chokwadi, uye kunyange kudzoreredza. Nharaunda yenhoroondo inoita kuti zvikwanise "kukodzera" Taneyev mumufananidzo wehupenyu hwake hwemazuva ano. Zvinoitika kuti hukama hwayo nezvinodiwa zvikuru uye mafambiro etsika yenyika ndeye organic uye akawanda, kunyangwe ivo vasina nhema pamusoro. Taneyev, pamwe zvose mavambo ake, pamwe inokosha zvinhu zvemaonero ake enyika uye mafungiro, ndiye mwanakomana nguva yake uye nyika yake. Chiitiko chekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX chinoita kuti zvikwanise kuona hunhu hunovimbisa hwemuimbi anotarisira zana rino.

Nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi zvose, upenyu hwemimhanzi yaTaneyev kubva pakutanga hwakanga hwakaoma zvikuru, uye izvi zvakaratidzwa zvose mukushanda kwemabasa ake (nhamba uye unhu hwemitambo), uye mumaonero avo nevemazuva ano. Mukurumbira waTaneyev semugadziri wemanzwiro asina kukwana anotemerwa zvakanyanya nemaitiro enguva yake. Huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvinopihwa nekutsoropodzwa kwehupenyu hwose. Ongororo dzinoratidza zvese hunhu hwekuona uye chiitiko che "untimeliness" yeunyanzvi hwaTaneyev. Vanenge vese vatsoropodzi vakakurumbira vakanyora nezveTaneyev: Ts. A. Cui, GA Larosh, ND Kashkin, ipapo SN Kruglikov, VG Karatygin, Yu. Findeizen, AV Ossovsky, LL Sabaneev nevamwe. Ongororo dzinonakidza kwazvo dziri mutsamba kuna Taneyev naTchaikovsky, Glazunov, mutsamba uye "Makoronike ..." naRimsky-Korsakov.

Kune akawanda anonzwisisa kutonga mune zvinyorwa uye wongororo. Anenge munhu wose akapa rukudzo kune unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwemuimbi. Asi zvisinganyanyi kukosha ndeye "mapeji ekusanzwisisa". Uye kana, maererano nemabasa ekutanga, kunyomba kwakawanda kwekufungidzira, kutevedzera kwekirasi kunonzwisisika uye kune imwe nhanho kwakarurama, saka zvinyorwa zve90s uye yekutanga 900s ndezvimwe zvakasiyana. Uku kunonyanya kushoropodzwa kubva munzvimbo dzekudanana uye, maererano neopera, hunhu hwepfungwa. Kufananidzwa kwemaitiro ekare haasati akwanisa kuongororwa semuenzaniso uye akaonekwa sekudzoka shure kana stylistic kusaenzana, heterogeneity. Mudzidzi, shamwari, munyori wezvinyorwa uye memoirs nezve Taneyev - Yu. D. Engel akanyora munhoroondo yevakafa kuti: “Tichitevera Scriabin, muvambi wenziyo dzomunguva yemberi, rufu runotora Taneyev, ane unyanzvi hwacho hwakanga hwakadzika midzi muzvinangwa zvemimhanzi yekare.

Asi mumakore gumi echipiri ezana ramakore re1913, hwaro hwakanga hwatovapo hwekunzwisisa kwakazara kwenhoroondo uye stylistic matambudziko emimhanzi yaTaneyev. Panyaya iyi, zvinofadza ndezvezvinyorwa zveVG Karatygin, uye kwete chete avo vakazvipira kuna Taneyev. Muchinyorwa chechiXNUMX, "The Newest Trends in Western European Music," anobatanidza - achitaura zvakanyanya nezvaFrank naReger - kumutsidzirwa kwetsika dzechinyakare nemimhanzi "yazvino." Mune chimwe chinyorwa, mutsoropodzi akataura pfungwa ine zvibereko pamusoro paTaneyev semutsivi akananga kune imwe yemitsara yenhaka yaGlinka. Kuenzanisa nhoroondo yebasa raTaneyev neBrahms, nzira dzayo dzaive mukusimudzirwa kwechinyakare tsika munguva yekunonoka kudanana, Karatygin akatopikisa kuti "nhoroondo yenhoroondo yeTaneyev kuRussia yakakura kupfuura iyo yeBrahms yeGermany", uko "tsika dzechinyakare dzagara dzakasimba zvakanyanya, dzakasimba uye dzinodzivirira". MuRussia, zvakadaro, tsika dzechokwadi dzechinyakare, dzinobva kuGlinka, dzakanga dzisina kusimba pane mamwe mitsara yekugadzira kwaGlinka. Zvisinei, munyaya imwe cheteyo, Karatygin anorondedzera Taneyev semunyori, "mazana emakore anonoka kuberekwa munyika"; chikonzero chekushaikwa kwerudo rwemimhanzi yake, mutsoropodzi anoona mukusapindirana kwayo ne "nheyo dzeunyanzvi uye dzepfungwa dzemazuva ano, neshuviro dzayo dzakadudzwa dzebudiriro huru yezvinowirirana uye zvemavara zveunyanzvi hwemimhanzi." Kusangana kwemazita aGlinka naTaneyev yaive imwe yemafungiro aifarirwa naBV Asafiev, uyo akagadzira akati wandei mabasa pamusoro paTaneyev uye akaona mubasa rake nekuita kuenderera mberi kwemaitiro akanyanya kukosha mutsika yemimhanzi yeRussia: zvakaomesesa mune yake. shanda, zvino kwaari, mushure memakumi emakumi emakore ekushanduka kwemimhanzi yeRussia mushure mekufa kwaGlinka, SI Taneyev, zvese nedzidziso uye nekugadzira. Nyanzvi pano inoreva kushandiswa kwepolyphonic technique (kusanganisira kunyora kwakasimba) kuRussia melos.

Mafungiro uye maitiro emudzidzi wake BL Yavorsky aive zvakanyanya kubva pakudzidza kwemunyori waTaneyev nebasa resainzi.

Muma1940, pfungwa yekubatana pakati pebasa raTaneyev neRussia Soviet vanyori - N. Ya. Myaskovsky, V. Ya. Shebalin, DD Shostakovich - muridzi weVl. V. Protopopov. Mabasa ake ndiwo anonyanya kukosha mukudzidza kwechimiro cheTaneyev uye mutauro wemimhanzi mushure meAsafiev, uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvakaunganidzwa naye, zvakaburitswa muna 1947, zvakashanda semubatanidzwa monograph. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinofukidza hupenyu nebasa raTaneyev zviri mubhuku rezvinyorwa zveGB Bernandt. LZ Korabelnikova's monograph "Kusika kweSI Taneyev: Nhoroondo uye Stylistic Tsvagiridzo" yakazvipira kufunga nezve nhoroondo uye stylistic matambudziko enhaka yemunyori waTaneyev pahwaro hweakapfuma akachengetwa uye mumamiriro ezvinhu ehunyanzvi tsika yenguva.

Kufananidzwa kwekubatana pakati pemazana maviri emakore - nguva mbiri, tsika inogara ichivandudza, Taneyev nenzira yake pachake akaedza "kumahombekombe matsva", uye mazhinji emafungiro ake uye kuberekwa kwakasvika kumhenderekedzo yemazuva ano.

L. Korabelnikova

• Chamber-instrumental kusika kweTaneyev →
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• Zvinyorwa naTaneyev pamicheto ye clavier yeThe Queen of Spades