Золтан Кодай (Zoltan Kodály) |

Zoltán Kodály

Unyanzvi hwake hunotora nzvimbo yakakosha mumimhanzi yemazuva ano nekuda kwezvimiro zvinoibatanidza neakanyanya hunhu hwekudetemba kwemweya weHungary: mazwi echigamba, hupfumi hwekumabvazuva hwekufungidzira, kupfupika uye kurangwa kwekutaura, uye zvakanyanya kutenda kumaruva anofadza. zvenziyo. B. Sabolchi

Z. Kodály, munyori akatanhamara wekuHungary uye nyanzvi yemimhanzi-folklorist, akabatanidza zvakadzama zviitiko zvake zvekugadzira uye zvemimhanzi uye zvemagariro evanhu nezvakaitika kare zvevanhu veHungary, nekurwisana kwekusimudzira tsika dzenyika. Makore mazhinji ekuita zvibereko uye kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zveKodály aive akakosha zvikuru pakuumbwa kwechikoro chemazuvano chevanyori veHungary. Kufanana naB. Bartok, Kodály akagadzira chimiro chake chekunyora pahwaro hwekuita kwekugadzira kwetsika dzinonyanya hunhu uye dzinoshanda dzengano dzevarimi dzeHungary, dzakasanganiswa nenzira dzemazuva ano dzekutaura kwemimhanzi.

Kodai akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi achitungamirirwa naamai vake, akatora chikamu mumitambo yemhuri yemazuva ano. Muna 1904 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuBudapest Academy of Music aine dhipuroma semunyori. Kodály akawanawo dzidzo yeyunivhesiti (mabhuku, aesthetics, linguistics). Kubva 1905 akatanga kuunganidza uye kudzidza Hungarian folk nziyo. Kuzivana naBartok kwakashanduka kuita hushamwari hwakasimba hwenguva refu uye kudyidzana kwekugadzira mumunda wengano dzesainzi. Mushure mokunge apedza dzidzo yake, Kodály akaenda kuBerlin neParis (1906-07), kwaakadzidza tsika dzemimhanzi dzeWestern Europe. Muna 1907-19. Kodály purofesa paBudapest Academy of Music (kirasi yedzidziso, kuumbwa). Mumakore aya, mabasa ake anopararira munzvimbo dzakawanda: anonyora mimhanzi; inoenderera mberi nekuunganidzwa kwakarongeka uye kudzidza kwengano dzevarimi vekuHungary, inoonekwa munhau senyanzvi yemimhanzi uye mutsoropodzi, uye inoshingairira kutora chikamu mune zvemimhanzi uye zvemagariro hupenyu hwenyika. Mune zvinyorwa zveKodaly muma1910s. - piano uye kutenderera kwezwi, quartets, chamber instrumental ensembles - organically sanganisa tsika dzemumhanzi wekirasi, kuisirwa kwekuita kwezvimiro zveHungarian varimi ngano uye hunyanzvi hwazvino mumunda wemutauro wemimhanzi. Mabasa ake anogashira ongororo dzinopesana kubva kuvatsoropodzi uye nharaunda yemimhanzi yeHungary. Chikamu chevateereri nevatsoropodzi chinoona muKodai kungopidigura tsika. muedzi ane ushingi, uye vaimbi vashomanana vanoona kure vanosanganisa remangwana rechikoro chitsva cheHungary chekunyora nezita rake.

Munguva yekuumbwa kweHungary Republic (1919), Kodály aive mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weState Higher Chikoro cheMumhanzi Art akatumidzwa zita rake. F. Liszt (iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Academy of Music yakatumidzwa zita racho); pamwe chete naBartók naE. Dohnanyi, vakava nhengo yeMusical Directory, iyo yaida kushandura hupenyu hwemimhanzi yenyika. Nokuda kwechiitiko ichi pasi pehurumende yeHorthy, Kodály akatambudzwa uye akamiswa kwemakore maviri kubva kuchikoro (akadzidzisa zvakare kuumbwa muna 2-1921). 40-20s - zuva guru rebasa raKodály, anogadzira mabasa akamuunzira mukurumbira wenyika uye kuzivikanwa: "Hungarian Psalm" yekwaya, orchestra uye soloist (30); iyo opera Sekey Spinning Mill (1923, 1924nd edition 2); heroic-comic opera Hari Janos (1932). "Te Deum yeBuda Castle" yevanoimba solo, kwaya, ogani uye orchestra (1926); Concerto for orchestra (1936); "Mitambo kubva kuMarošsek" (1939) uye "Dances kubva kuTalent" (1930) yeorchestra, etc. Panguva imwecheteyo, Kodai akaenderera mberi nemabasa ake ekutsvakurudza anoshingaira mumunda wezvinyorwa. Akagadzira nzira yake yedzidzo yemimhanzi yakawanda uye dzidzo, hwaro hwayo hwaive hwekunzwisisa kwemimhanzi yevanhu kubva paudiki, achiitora semutauro wemumhanzi. Nzira yeKodály yave ichizivikanwa zvikuru uye yakagadziridzwa kwete muHungary chete, asiwo mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Iye ndiye munyori wemabhuku mazana maviri, zvinyorwa, zvibatsiro zvekudzidzisa, kusanganisira monograph Hungarian Folk Music (1939, yakashandurirwa muchiRussia). Kodály aive zvakare purezidhendi weInternational Council for Folk Music (200-1937).

Kwemakore akawanda, Kodály akaramba achishingaira. Pakati pemabasa ake epashure pehondo, opera Zinka Panna (1948), Symphony (1961), uye cantata Kallai Kettesh (1950) akawana mukurumbira. Kodály airidzawo kondakita nemitambo yemabasa ake. Akashanyira nyika dzakawanda, akashanyira USSR kaviri (1947, 1963).

Achirondedzera basa raKodály, shamwari yake yaaishanda nayo Bela Bartok akanyora kuti: “Mabhuku aya kureurura kwomweya wokuHungary. Nechekunze, izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti basa raKodály rakadzika midzi mumhanzi wevanhu vekuHungary. Chikonzero chemukati ndechekutenda kusingagumi kwaKodai musimba rekusika revanhu vake uye ramangwana ravo.

A. Malinkovsky