Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky |

Osip Kozlovsky

Musi waApril 28, 1791, vaenzi vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu vakauya kuTauride Palace yaPrince Potemkin muSt. Ruzhinji rweguta guru, rinotungamirirwa naEmpress Catherine II pachake, vakaungana pano pachiitiko chekukunda kunoshamisa kwemukuru mukuru A. Suvorov muhondo yeRussia-Turkish - kutorwa kwenhare yeIzmail. Vagadziri vezvivakwa, vanyori, vadetembi, vaimbi vakakokwa kuti varonge mhemberero huru. G. Derzhavin akakurumbira akanyora, achitumwa naG. Potemkin, “nhetembo dzokuimba pamutambo wacho.” Mutambi wedare anozivikanwa, Le Pic, akatamba mitambo. Kuumbwa kwemimhanzi uye kutungamirirwa kwekwaya uye orchestra zvakaiswa kune muimbi asingazivikanwi O. Kozlovsky, mubatanidzwa muhondo yeRussia-Turkish. "Pakarepo vashanyi vepamusoro pavakasarudza kugara pazvigaro zvakavagadzirirwa, ipapo inzwi nemimhanzi yezviridzwa zvakatinhira, inosanganisira mazana matatu evanhu." Kwaya huru neorchestra yakaimba "Kutinhira kwerukundo, mutinhimira." Iyo Polonaise yakaita fungidziro yakasimba. Kufara kwakawanda kwakamutswa kwete chete nemavhesi akanaka aDerzhavin, asiwo neakadzikama, akajeka, akazara nemimhanzi yekupembera, munyori wacho aiva Osip Kozlovsky - mukuru wechidiki mumwechete, Pole nenyika, akasvika muSt. retinue yaPrince Potemkin pachake. Kubva manheru iwayo, zita raKozlovsky rakava nemukurumbira muguta guru, uye polonaise yake "Kutinhira kwekukunda, kurira" kwakava rwiyo rweRussia kwenguva refu. Ndiani uyu munyori ane tarenda akawana imba yechipiri muRussia, munyori wemapolonaises akanaka, nziyo, mimhanzi yemitambo?

Kozlovsky akaberekerwa mumhuri yakakurumbira yePoland. Nhoroondo haina kuchengetedza ruzivo nezvekutanga, nguva yePoland yehupenyu hwake. Hazvizivikanwe kuti vabereki vake vaive vanaani. Mazita evadzidzisi vake vokutanga, avo vakamupa chikoro chakanaka chebasa, havana kuuya kwatiri. Basa rinoshanda raKozlovsky rakatanga muWarsaw Church yeSt. Jan, uko muimbi wechidiki akashanda semuimbi uye chorister. Muna 1773 akakokwa semudzidzisi wemimhanzi kuvana vemumiriri wePolish Andrzej Ogiński. (Mudzidzi wake Michal Kleofas Oginsky akazova munyori anozivikanwa zvikuru.) Muna 1786 Kozlovsky akabatana neuto reRussia. Mukuru wechidiki akaonekwa naPrince Potemkin. Chitarisiko chinokwezva, tarenda, izwi rinofadza raKozlovsky rakakwezva munhu wese akamupoteredza. Panguva iyoyo, munyori weItaly anozivikanwa zvikuru J. Sarti, murongi wevaraidzo yemimhanzi inodiwa nemuchinda, akanga ari mubasa rePotemkin. Kozlovsky akatorawo chikamu mavari, achiita nziyo dzake uye polonaises. Mushure mekufa kwaPotemkin, akawana mutevedzeri mutsva mumunhu weSt. Petersburg philanthropist Count L. Naryshkin, mudiwa mukuru wezvigadzirwa. Kozlovsky akagara mumba make paMoika kwemakore akawanda. Vanhu vakakurumbira kubva kuguta guru vaigara vari pano: vadetembi G. Derzhavin naN. Lvov, vaimbi I. Prach naV. Trutovsky (vagadziri vekutanga vekuunganidza nziyo dzevanhu vekuRussia), Sarti, violinist I. Khandoshkin nevamwe vakawanda.

Maiwe! -ndiro gehena Imo zvivakwa, zvekushongedza zvinoravira Zvinofadza vese vaoni Uye kupi, pasi pekuimba kunotapira kwemuses Kozlovsky akatorwa moyo nemanzwi! -

akanyora, achirangarira manheru emimhanzi paNaryshkin, mudetembi Derzhavin. Muna 1796, Kozlovsky akasiya basa, uye kubva panguva iyo mimhanzi yakava basa rake guru. Anotozivikanwa zvikuru muSt. Nhumbi dzake dzinotinhira kumatare; kwose kwose vanoimba “nziyo dzake dzechiRussian” (ndiro rakanga riri zita rorudo rakavakirwa pandima dzavadetembi vokuRussia). Vakawanda vavo, vakadai se "Ndinoda kuva shiri", "Mhepo ine utsinye", "Bee" (Art. Derzhavin), yainyanya kufarirwa. Kozlovsky aiva mumwe wevasiki veRussia romance (vakararama panguva iyoyo vaimudana kuti musiki wemhando itsva yenziyo dzeRussia). Ndaiziva nziyo idzi uye M. Glinka. Muna 1823, asvika kuNovospasskoye, akadzidzisa munun'una wake Lyudmila rwiyo rwemazuva ano rweKozlovsky "Golden nyuchi, sei uri kurira". "... Akanakidzwa zvikuru kuti ndaiimbira sei ..." - L. Shestakova akazoyeuka.

Muna 1798, Kozlovsky akagadzira basa guru rekwaya - Requiem, iro rakaitwa musi waFebruary 25 muChechi yeKaturike yeSt. Petersburg pamhemberero yekuvigwa kwamambo wePolish Stanislav August Poniatowski.

Muna 1799, Kozlovsky akagamuchira chinzvimbo chemuongorori, uye kubva muna 1803, mutungamiriri wemimhanzi yemitambo yeumambo. Kuzivana nemhoteredzo yeunyanzvi, nevanyori vemitambo vokuRussia kwakamuita kuti atange kugadzira nziyo dzemitambo. Akakwezvwa nemhando yepamusoro yenjodzi yeRussia yakatonga pachikuva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechisere. Apa aigona kuratidza tarenda rake rinoshamisa. Mimhanzi yaKozlovsky, izere nemapathos ane ushingi, yakasimbisa pfungwa dzemagamba anotyisa. Basa rinokosha mumatambudziko raiva reorchestra. Nhamba dze symphonic chaidzo (kupfuura, kupindira), pamwe chete nemakwaya, dzakagadzira hwaro hwekuperekedzwa kwenziyo. Kozlovsky akagadzira mimhanzi ye "heroic-sensitive" njodzi dzeV. Ozerov ("Oedipus muAthens" uye "Fingal"), Y. Knyazhnin ("Vladisan"), A. Shakhovsky ("Deborah") uye A. Gruzintsev (" Oedipus Rex "), kune njodzi yemunyori wechiFrench J. Racine (mumutauro wechiRussian naP. Katenin) "Esther". Basa rakanakisisa raKozlovsky mumhando iyi raiva mimhanzi yenhamo yaOzerov "Fingal". Vese vari vaviri munyori wemitambo uye munyori munzira dzakawanda vaitarisira mhando dzeramangwana mutambo werudo mairi. Rudzi rwakaomarara rweMiddle Ages, mifananidzo yekare yeScottish epic (dambudziko rakavakirwa padanho renziyo dzeiyo ngano yeCeltic bard Ossian nezve murwi akashinga Fingal) inomisikidzwa zvakajeka naKozlovsky muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemimhanzi - overture, nguva dzenguva, kwaya, mitambo yeballet, melodrama. Iyo yekutanga yenjodzi "Fingal" yakaitika muna Zvita 8, 1805 paSt. Petersburg Bolshoi Theatre. Kutamba kwacho kwakafadza vateereri neumbozha hwekuita, nhetembo dzaOzerov dzakanakisa. Vatambi vepamusoro vanosuwa vakatamba mairi.

Basa raKozlovsky mumitambo yemitambo yakaenderera mberi kusvikira muna 1819, apo munyori, akabatwa nechirwere chakakomba, akamanikidzwa kusiya basa. Kare muna 1815, pamwe chete naD. Bortnyansky nevamwe vaimbi vakuru venguva iyoyo, Kozlovsky akava nhengo inokudzwa yeSt. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. Ruzivo rudiki rwakachengetedzwa nezvemakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemuimbi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1822-23. akashanyira Poland nemwanasikana wake, asi aisada kugara ikoko: Petersburg yakanga yava nguva refu yave taundi rokumusha kwake. "Zita reKozlovsky rakabatana nendangariro dzakawanda, zvinotapira kumoyo weRussia," akanyora kudaro munyori weobituary muSankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti. "Ruzha rwemimhanzi yakanyorwa naKozlovsky rwakambonzwika mudzimba dzehumambo, mumakamuri evakuru uye mudzimba dzeavhareji. Ndiani asingazive, ndiani asati anzwa polonaise ine mbiri nekwaya: "Kutinhira kwekukunda, kurira" ... Ndiani asingayeuke polonaise yakaitwa naKozlovsky pakugadzwa kwaMambo Alexander Pavlovich mapapiro endarama”… Chizvarwa chose chakaimba uye zvino chinoimba nziyo dzakawanda Kozlovsky, dzakagadzirwa naye kumashoko aY. Neledinsky-Meletsky. Kushaya anokwikwidza. kuwedzera kuna Count Oginsky, muzvinyorwa zvepolonaises nenziyo dzevanhu, Kozlovsky akawana mvumo yevanoziva uye nziyo dzepamusoro. ... Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky aiva murume ane mutsa, akanyarara, anogara ari muhukama hwehushamwari, uye akasiya shure ndangariro yakanaka. Zita rake richatora nzvimbo yekuremekedzwa munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia. Kune vashoma vanyori vekuRussia kazhinji, uye OA Kozlovsky inomira mumutsara wepamberi pakati pavo.

A. Sokolova