Vladimir Horowitz (Vladimir Horowitz) |

Vladimir Horowitz

Concert naVladimir Horowitz inogara iri chiitiko, inogara ichinzwa. Uye kwete chete ikozvino, apo makonti ake asingawanzoitiki zvokuti chero munhu anogona kuva wekupedzisira, asiwo panguva yekutanga. Zvagara zvakadaro. Kubva pakutanga kwechirimo cha1922, apo mutambi wepiyano mudiki akatanga kuonekwa pamatanho ePetrograd neMoscow. Ichokwadi, makonzati ake ekutanga mumisoro miviri yakaitwa muhoro isina chinhu - zita remutangiri harina kutaura zvishoma kune veruzhinji. Vashomanana chete vanoziva uye nyanzvi vakanzwa nezvemurume wechidiki uyu ane tarenda anoshamisa akapedza kudzidza kubva kuKyiv Conservatory muna 1921, uko vadzidzisi vake vaiva V. Pukhalsky, S. Tarnovsky naF. Blumenfeld. Uye zuva rakatevera mushure mekuita kwake, mapepanhau akazivisa pamwe chete Vladimir Horowitz senyeredzi inosimuka pa pianistic horizon.

Mushure mekuita nzendo dzakawanda dzekonzati kutenderera nyika, Horowitz akatanga muna 1925 "kukunda" Europe. Pano nhoroondo yakazvidzokorora: pamitambo yake yekutanga mumaguta akawanda - Berlin, Paris, Hamburg - paiva nevateereri vashomanana, kune inotevera - matikiti akatorwa kubva muhondo. Chokwadi, izvi zvakava nezvazvinoita pamiripo: yaive shoma. Kutanga kwekubwinya kweruzha kwakaiswa - sezvinowanzoitika - netsaona inofadza. MuHamburg imwe cheteyo, muzvinabhizimisi akanga asingafemeki akamhanyira kukamuri rake rehotera ndokupa kutsiva muimbi airwara ari oga muTchaikovsky's First Concerto. Ndaifanira kutaura muhafu yeawa. Achikurumidza kunwa girazi romukaka, Horowitz akamhanyira muhoro, umo kondakita akwegura E. Pabst akawana bedzi nguva yokumuudza, kuti: “Ona tsvimbo yangu, uye Mwari achida, hapana chinotyisa chichaitika. Pashure pemabhawa mashoma, kondakita akashamisika pachake akatarisa mutambi wacho achitamba, uye konzati payakapera, vateereri vakatengesa matikiti ekutamba kwake ega muawa nehafu. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Vladimir Horowitz akapinda mukukunda muupenyu hwemimhanzi yeEurope. MuParis, mushure mekutanga kwake, magazini Revue Musical yakanyora kuti: "Dzimwe nguva, zvisinei, kune muimbi ane shasha yekududzira - Liszt, Rubinstein, Paderevsky, Kreisler, Casals, Cortot ... Vladimir Horowitz ndeweboka iri renyanzvi- madzimambo.”

Kuombera maoko kutsva kwakaita kuti Horowitz atange kuridza mukondinendi yeAmerica, kwakaitika mukuvamba kwa1928. Pashure pokutanga kuimba Tchaikovsky Concerto uye ipapo purogiramu ari oga, akapiwa, maererano nepepanhau reThe Times, “musangano une dutu zvikuru uyo ​​muridzi wepiyano angavimba nawo. .” Mumakore akatevera, ndichigara muUS, Paris neSwitzerland, Horowitz akatenderera uye akarekodha zvakanyanya. Nhamba yemakonzati ake pagore inosvika zana, uye maererano nenhamba yemarekodhi akabudiswa, iye nokukurumidza anopfuura vanoridza piyano vemazuva ano vakawanda. Repertoire yake yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana; hwaro ndiyo mimhanzi yevanodanana, kunyanya Liszt neRussia vanyori - Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Scriabin. Izvo zvakanakisisa zveHorowitz kuita mufananidzo weiyo nguva isati yasvika inoratidzwa mukurekodha kwake Liszt's Sonata muB maduku, yakagadzirwa muna 1932. Inofadza kwete chete nechamupupuri chehunyanzvi, kusimba kwemutambo, asiwo nekudzika kwe kunzwa, chiyero cheLiszt zvechokwadi, uye zororo reruzivo. Liszt's rhapsody, Schubert's impromptu, Tchaikovsky's concertos (No. 1), Brahms (No. 2), Rachmaninov (No. 3) nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinoratidzwa nemaitiro akafanana. Asi pamwe chete nezvakanakira, vatsoropodzi vanowana mukuita kweHorowitz, chishuwo chekunze, chekupaza vateereri nekupukunyuka kwehunyanzvi. Heino murangariro womunyori akatanhamara weAmerica W. Thomson: “Handitauri kuti kududzira kwaHorowitz chaizvoizvo ndekwenhema uye hakuna kururama: dzimwe nguva ndokwechokwadi, dzimwe nguva hakuna. Asi mumwe munhu asina kumboteerera kumabasa aakaita aigona kugumisa nyore nyore kuti Bach akanga ari muimbi akafanana naL. Stokowski, Brahms akanga ari rudzi rwehupenzi, usiku-club-kushanda Gershwin, uye Chopin aiva gypsy violinist. Aya mazwi, hongu, akanyanya kuomarara, asi maonero akadaro aive asiri ega. Horowitz dzimwe nguva aiita zvikonzero, akazvidzivirira. Iye akati: "Kuridza piyano kunosanganisira pfungwa, moyo uye tekinoroji nzira. Zvese zvinofanirwa kuvandudzwa zvakaenzana: pasina njere unokundikana, pasina tekinoroji iwe uri amateur, usina moyo uri muchina. Saka basa rakazara nenjodzi. Asi apo, muna 1936, nemhaka yokuvhiyiwa kweappendicitis uye zvinetso zvakatevera, akamanikidzwa kudzongonyedza mubato wake wekonzati, akaerekana anzwa kuti kuzvidza kwakawanda kwakanga kusiri kwechikonzero.

Kumbomira kwacho kwakamumanikidza kuti azvitarise patsva, sekunge ari kunze, kuti afungezve nezvehukama hwake nemimhanzi. “Ndinofunga kuti semuimbi ndakakura panguva dzezororo rekumanikidzirwa. Chero zvazvingava, ndakawana zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda mumimhanzi yangu,” akasimbisa piano. Kutendeseka kwemashoko aya kunosimbiswa nyore nyore nekuenzanisa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa 1936 isati yasvika uye mushure me1939, apo Horowitz, pakusimbirira kweshamwari yake Rachmaninov naToscanini (uyo mwanasikana waakaroorwa naye), akadzokera kuchiridzwa.

Mune ino yechipiri, nguva yakakura yemakore gumi nemana, Horowitz anowedzera huwandu hwake zvakanyanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, iye anobva kumagumo e14s; nguva dzose uye kakawanda inoridza Beethoven's sonatas uye Schumann's cycles, miniatures uye mabasa makuru naChopin, achiedza kutsvaga kududzirwa kwakasiyana kwemimhanzi yevanyori vakuru; kune rumwe rutivi, inopfumisa zvirongwa zvitsva nemimhanzi yemazuva ano. Kunyanya, mushure mehondo, ndiye aive wekutanga kuridza Prokofiev's 40th, 6th uye 7th sonatas, Kabalevsky's 8nd uye 2rd sonatas muAmerica, uyezve, akatamba nekunaka kunoshamisa. Horowitz inopa hupenyu kune mamwe emabasa evanyori veAmerica, kusanganisira Barber Sonata, uye panguva imwechete inosanganisira mukoniti kushandisa mabasa aClementi naCzerny, ayo aingoonekwa sechikamu cheiyo pedagogical repertoire. Chiitiko chemuimbi panguva iyoyo chinova chakanyanya. Zvaiita sekuti kune vakawanda aive ari panhongonya yekugona kwake kugadzira. Asi sezvo "muchina wemakonti" weAmerica wakamukunda zvakare, manzwi ekusava nechokwadi, uye kazhinji kuseka, akatanga kunzwika. Vamwe vanodana mutambi wepiyano kuti “n’anga”, “mubati-makonzo”; zvakare vanotaura nezvekusagadzikana kwake kwekusika, nezvekusava nehanya nemimhanzi. Vatevedzeri vekutanga vanoonekwa pachikuva, kana kutoti kunyange vatevedzeri vaHorowitz - vakashongedzerwa zvakanyanya nehunyanzvi, asi mukati vasina chinhu, vechidiki "nyanzvi". Horowitz yakanga isina vadzidzi, kunze kwevashoma: Graffman, Jainis. Uye, achipa zvidzidzo, aigara achikurudzira kuti “zviri nani kuita zvikanganiso zvako umene pane kutevedzera zvikanganiso zvavamwe.” Asi avo vakakopa Horowitz havana kuda kutevera musimboti uyu: vaibhejera pakadhi rakakodzera.

Nyanzvi yaiziva zvinorwadza zviratidzo zvedambudziko. Uye zvino, atamba muna Kukadzi 1953 konzati yegala pachiitiko chemakore makumi maviri nemashanu ekutanga kwake kuCarnegie Hall, anosiya zvakare nhandare. Panguva ino kwenguva yakareba, kwemakore gumi nemaviri.

Ichokwadi, kunyarara kwakakwana kwemuimbi kwakatora nguva isingasviki gore. Zvadaro, zvishoma nezvishoma, anotanga zvakare kurekodha zvakanyanya kumba, uko RCA yakashongedza studio yese. Zvinyorwa zvinobuda zvakare imwe mushure meimwe - sonatas naBeethoven, Scriabin, Scarlatti, Clementi, Liszt's rhapsodies, anoshanda naSchubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Rachmaninoff, Mussorgsky's Mifananidzo paChiratidziro, zvinyorwa zveF. Sousa uye Stripes "Stars" march. , "Muchato waMarch "Mendelssohn-Liszt, fantasy kubva" Carmen "... Muna 1962, muimbi anoputsa nekambani RCA, asingagutsikane nechokwadi chokuti anopa zvokudya zvishomanana zvekushambadzira, uye anotanga kushandira pamwe nekambani yeColumbia. Chimwe nechimwe chinyorwa chitsva chekugutsikana kwake kuti mutambi wepiyano haarasikirwe nekunaka kwake, asi anova muturikiri akajeka uye akadzama.

“Mutariri uyu, uyo anomanikidzwa kugara akatarisana neveruzhinji, anobva apererwa asina kana kumbozviziva. Anogara achipa asingagamuchiri. Makore ekunzvenga kutaura pachena akandibatsira pakupedzisira kuzviwana ini nemafungiro angu chaiwo. Mumakore ekupenga emakonzati - ikoko, pano uye kwese - ndainzwa ndave chiveve - pamweya uye nehunyanzvi, "anozotaura gare gare.

Vanoyemura muimbi vakatenda kuti vaizosangana naye "zviso zvakatarisana". Chokwadi, muna Chivabvu 9, 1965, Horowitz akatangazve kuita kwake konzati nekuridza paCarnegie Hall. Kufarira konzati yake kwakanga kusati kwamboitika, matikiti akatengeswa mumaawa mashomanana. Rutivi rukuru rwevateereri vakanga vari vanhu vaduku vakanga vasati vambomuona, vanhu vaakanga ari ngano yavo. “Airatidzika zvakafanana chaizvo paakapedzisira kuonekwa pano makore 12 apfuura,” G. Schonberg akatsinhira kudaro. - Mapendekete akakwira, muviri unenge usingafambi, wakarerekera zvishoma kune makiyi; maoko chete neminwe yaishanda. Kune vechiduku vakawanda vaiva muvateereri, zvaiita sokunge vairidza Liszt kana kuti Rachmaninov, mutambi wepiyano ane mukurumbira anotaura nezvake ari wose asi hapana akambonzwa nezvake.” Asi zvakatonyanya kukosha kupfuura kusachinjika kwekunze kwaHorowitz kwaive shanduko yakadzika yemukati yemutambo wake. “Nguva haisati yamira nokuda kwaHorowitz mumakore gumi nemaviri kubvira paakapedzisira kuonekwa pachena,” akanyora kudaro muongorori weNew York Herald Tribune Alan Rich. -Kupenya kunoshamisa kwehunyanzvi hwake, iro rinoshamisa simba uye kusimba kwekuita, fungidziro uye ine mavara palette - zvese izvi zvakachengetedzwa zvakasimba. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chitsva chakaonekwa mumutambo wake, sekutaura. Chokwadi, paakasiya nhandare yekonzati pazera remakore 48, akanga ari muimbi akaumbwa zvakakwana. Asi iye zvino muturikiri akadzama auya kuCarnegie Hall, uye "chidimbu" chitsva mukuridza kwake chinogona kunzi kukura kwemimhanzi. Mumakore mashoma apfuura, takaona boka renyeredzi revatambi vepiyano vechidiki vachitipwisa kuti vanogona kuridza nekukurumidza uye zvine chivimbo. Uye zvinogoneka kuti danho raHorowitz rekudzokera padanho rekonzati izvozvi rakakonzerwa nekuziva kuti pane chimwe chinhu chinoda kuyeuchidzwa kunyange nevakangwarisa vevechidiki ava. Mukati mekonzati, akadzidzisa nhevedzano yose yezvidzidzo zvinokosha. Chakanga chiri chidzidzo mukubudisa mavara anodedera, anopenya; chaive chidzidzo mukushandiswa kwerubato nekunakirwa kusingagoneki, kunyanya kuratidzwa zvakajeka mumabasa eChopin, chaive chidzidzo chakanakisa mukubatanidza ruzivo uye zvese muchidimbu chimwe nechimwe uye kusvika kumagumo epamusoro (kunyanya naSchumann). Horowitz akaita kuti “tinzwe kusava nechokwadi kwaimutambudza makore ose aya sezvaaifunga nezvokudzokera kwake kuimba yekonzati. Akaratidza kuti akanga ava nechipo chinokosha zvakadini.

Koniti isingakanganwiki, iyo yakazivisa rumutsiriro uye kunyangwe kuzvarwa patsva kweHorowitz, yakateverwa nemakore mana ekugara ari ega (Horowitz haana kutamba ne orchestra kubvira 1953). “Ndaneta nekutamba ndiri pamberi pemaikorofoni. Ndaida kutambira vanhu. Kukwana kwehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji zvakare kunonetesa, "akabvuma mutambi. Muna 1968, akaitawo kuonekwa kwake kwekutanga kweterevhizheni mufirimu yakakosha yevechidiki, kwaakaita matombo akawanda erepertoire yake. Zvadaro - pause yemakore mashanu, uye panzvimbo yemakonzati - zvinyorwa zvitsva zvinoshamisa: Rachmaninoff, Scriabin, Chopin. Uye manheru ekuzvarwa kwake makumi manomwe, tenzi anoshamisa akadzokera kuvanhu kechitatu. Kubva ipapo, haana kuita kakawanda, uye masikati chete, asi makonzati ake achiri manzwiro. Makonzati ose aya anorekodhwa, uye marekodhi anobudiswa pashure paizvozvo anoita kuti kubvire kufungidzira kuti rudzi rwepiyano runoshamisa zvakadini rwakachengetwa nenyanzvi pakazosvika zera ramakore 5, udzame hwakadini hwounyanzvi nouchenjeri hwaakawana; tendera zvishoma kuti unzwisise kuti chimiro che "late Horowitz" chii. Chikamu “nekuti, sekusimbisa kunoita vatsoropodzi veAmerica, muimbi uyu haatombove nedudziro mbiri dzakafanana. Hongu, maitiro aHorowitz akasiyana uye akajeka zvekuti chero mutereri akanyanya kana kushomeka anokwanisa kumuziva kamwechete. Chiyero chimwe chechero dudziro yake papiyano inogona kutsanangura chimiro ichi zvirinani kupfuura chero mazwi. Asi hazvigoneke, zvisinei, kuti usasarudza hunhu hwakasarudzika - inoshamisa coloristic siyana, lapidary chiyero chehunyanzvi hwake, ruzha rukuru runogona kuita, pamwe nerubato rwakanyanya kusimudzwa uye kusiyanisa, kunoshamisa kupikisa kwekuruboshwe.

Ndizvo zvakaita Horowitz nhasi, Horowitz, inozivikanwa nemamiriyoni evanhu kubva kumarekodhi uye zviuru kubva kumakonti. Hazvibviri kufanotaura kuti ndezvipi zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvaari kugadzirira vateereri. Musangano wega wega naye uchiri chiitiko, ichiri zororo. Concerts mumaguta makuru eU.SA, iyo muimbi akapemberera nayo makore makumi mashanu ekutanga kweAmerica, yakava mazororo akadaro kune vanoyemura. Chimwe chazvo, musi wa50 Ndira, 8, chainyanya kukosha sezvo mutambi wacho akatanga kuita neochestra muchikamu chechina chezana remakore: Rachmaninov's Third Concerto yakaitwa, Y. Ormandy akaitisa. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, Horowitz yekutanga Chopin manheru yakaitika kuCarnegie Hall, iyo yakazoshandurwa kuva album yezvinyorwa zvina. Uyezve - manheru akatsaurirwa kukuzvarwa kwake kwemakumi manomwe neshanu ... Uye nguva dzese, kuenda panze pachikuva, Horowitz anoratidza kuti kumusiki wechokwadi, zera harina basa. Anoti, “Ndine chokwadi chokuti ndichiri kukura semuimbi wepiyano. “Ndinova akadzikama uye anokura zvikuru nokufamba kwemakore. Dai ndainzwa kuti handichakwanisa kutamba, handaizoda kuoneka pachikuva “…