Gara Garayev |

Gara Garayev

Muhuduku hwake, Kara Karaev aiva mudhudhudhu akapererwa. Rudzi rwehasha rwakapindura kudiwa kwake kwengozi, kuti awane pfungwa yekukunda pachake. Aivewo neimwe, yakanyatsopesana uye yakachengetedzwa kwehupenyu, "yakanyarara" hobby - kutora mafoto. Iyo lenzi yemidziyo yake, nekururama kukuru uye panguva imwechete ichiratidza hunhu hwemuridzi, yakanongedza nyika yakatenderedza - yakabvuta kufamba kwemupfuuri kubva murukova rweguta rwakazara, akagadzirisa kutaridzika kwakanaka kana kufunga, akagadzira silhouettes. yemafuta emafuta anokwira kubva pakadzika kweCaspian "taura" nezvezuva razvino, uye nezvekare - matavi akaoma emuti wekare weApsheron mulberry kana zvivakwa zvakanaka zveEgypt yekare ...

Zvakakwana kuteerera kumabasa akagadzirwa neanoshamisa muimbi weAzerbaijani, uye zvinova pachena kuti zvinhu zveKaraev zvinongoratidzira izvo zvinonyanya hunhu hwemimhanzi yake. Chiso chekugadzira cheKaraev chinoratidzwa nekubatanidzwa kwehunyoro hwakajeka nekuverenga chaiko kwehunyanzvi; mavara akasiyana-siyana, hupfumi hwepalette yemanzwiro - nekudzika kwepfungwa; kufarira nyaya dzine misoro yenguva yedu kwaigara maari pamwe chete nokufarira zvakaitika kare. Akanyora mimhanzi nezve rudo uye kurwa, nezve hunhu uye mweya wemunhu, aiziva nzira yekuburitsa mumanzwi nyika yekufungidzira, zviroto, mufaro wehupenyu uye kutonhora kwerufu ...

Kunyatsogona mitemo yekuumbwa kwemimhanzi, muimbi wemhando yepakutanga inopenya, Karaev, muhupenyu hwake hwose, akaedza kuramba achivandudza mutauro uye chimiro chemabasa ake. "Kuve pachiyero nezera" - iyi ndiyo yaive murairo mukuru wehunyanzvi hweKaraev. Uye semumakore ake echidiki akazvikunda mukukurumidza kutasva pamudhudhudhu, saka aigara achikunda inertia yekufunga kwekusika. "Kuti arege kumira," akadaro maererano nezera rake rekuzvarwa makumi mashanu, apo mukurumbira wenyika dzakawanda waive kumashure kwake, "zvaive zvakakodzera" kuzvishandura.

Karaev mumwe wevamiririri vakajeka vechikoro cheD. Shostakovich. Akapedza kudzidza muna 1946 kubva kuMoscow Conservatory mukirasi yekunyora yeiyi nyanzvi yakaisvonaka. Asi kunyange asati ava mudzidzi, muimbi wechidiki akanyatsonzwisisa unyanzvi hwemimhanzi hwevanhu veAzerbaijani. Muzvakavanzika zvechinyakare chake, ashug uye mugham art, Garayev akaunzwa kuBaku Conservatory nemusiki wayo uye munyori wekutanga wenyanzvi weAzerbaijan, U. Hajibeyov.

Karaev akanyora mimhanzi mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvigadzirwa zvake zvekugadzira zvinosanganisira nziyo dzemitambo yemitambo, symphonic uye chamber-instrumental mabasa, dzerudo, cantatas, mitambo yevana, mimhanzi yemitambo yemadhirama nemafirimu. Akakwezvwa nemadingindira uye zvirongwa kubva muhupenyu hwevanhu vakasiyana siyana pasirese - akapinda zvakadzama muchimiro uye mweya wemimhanzi yerudzi rweAlbania, Vietnam, Turkey, Bulgaria, Spain, nyika dzeAfrica neArab East ... zvinyorwa zvake zvinogona kutsanangurwa sezvinokosha kwete chete nokuda kwekugadzira kwake, asiwo kumimhanzi yeSoviet muzhinji.

Nhamba yemabasa makuru-akakura akazvipira kune dingindira reGreat Patriotic War uye akagadzirwa pasi pekuona kwakananga kwezviitiko zvechokwadi. Izvi ndizvo zvikamu zviviri zvekutanga Symphony - rimwe remabasa ekutanga emhando iyi muAzerbaijan (1943), inosiyaniswa nekusiyanisa kwakajeka kwemifananidzo inoshamisa uye yenziyo. Muchikamu chechipiri chechipiri cheSymphony, chakanyorwa maererano nekukunda kwefascism (1946), tsika dzemumhanzi weAzerbaijani dzakasanganiswa nedzechinyakare (inotaura 4-movement passacaglia inobva mumham-type thematics). Muna 1945, pamwe chete naD. Gadzhnev, opera Veten (Motherland, lib. by I. Idayat-zade naM. Rahim) yakagadzirwa, umo pfungwa yehushamwari pakati pevanhu veSoviet mukurwisana kwekusunungurwa. yeMotherland yakasimbiswa.

Pakati pemakamuri ekutanga anoshanda, pendi yepiyano "The Tsarskoye Selo Statue" (mushure meA. Pushkin, 1937) inomira pachena, mavambo emifananidzo ayo akatemerwa nekubatanidzwa kwechinyakare-nyika mataurirwo nemavara anoyevedza emavara. ; Sonatina muA diki yepiyano (1943), apo zvinhu zvinoratidzira zvenyika zvinogadzirwa zvinoenderana neProkofiev's "classicism"; Yechipiri String Quartet (yakatsaurirwa kuna D. Shostakovich, 1947), inozivikanwa nekupenya kwayo kwepwere. Pushkin's romances "Pazvikomo zveGeorgia" uye "Ini Ndaikuda" (1947) ndeyemabasa akanakisisa emashoko aKaraev.

Pakati pemabasa enguva yevakuru ndeye symphonic nhetembo "Leyli naMajnun" (1947), iyo yakaratidza kutanga kwenziyo-inoshamisa symphony muAzerbaijan. Mhedzisiro inosuruvarisa yemagamba enhetembo yaNizami yezita rimwe chete iri mukukura kwekusiririsa, kushuva, mifananidzo yakasarudzika yenhetembo. Kuronga motifs ye "Five" yaNizami ("Khamse") yakagadzira hwaro hwebheti "Seven Beauties" (1952, script naI. Idayat-zade, S. Rahman naY. Slonimsky), umo mufananidzo wehupenyu yevanhu veAzerbaijani munguva yakapfuura, kurwisana kwayo kwehugamba nevanodzvinyirira. Mufananidzo wepakati webhallet musikana ari nyore kubva kuvanhu, rudo rwake rwekuzvipira kune vasina simba-vasina simba Shah Bahram rine hutsika hwepamusoro. Mukurwira Bahram, Aisha anopikiswa nemifananidzo yeVizier inonyengera uye inokwezva inoyevedza, ghostly tsvarakadenga nomwe. Karaev's ballet muenzaniso wakajeka wekubatanidza zvinhu zveAzerbaijani folk dance ne symphonic nheyo dzeTchaikovsky's ballet. Iyo inopenya, ine mavara mazhinji, yakapfuma mundangariro ballet Iyo Nzira yeKutinhira (yakavakirwa pane inovhero yaP. Abrahams, 1958), umo heroic pathos inobatanidzwa nekurwira kwevanhu veBlack Africa nekuda kwerusununguko rwavo, inonakidza kune vane hunyanzvi. yakagadzira mhanzi uye kukakavara kunoshamisa, iyo symphony yeNegro folklore elements (iyo ballet yaive chidimbu chekutanga chemimhanzi yeSoviet kukudziridza mimhanzi yerudzi rweAfrica pachiyero chakadaro).

Mumakore ake akakura, basa raKaraev rakaenderera mberi uye rakava netsika yekupfumisa mimhanzi yeAzerbaijani ne classicist nzira dzekutaura. Mabasa ayo maitiro aya anonyanya kuzivikanwa anosanganisira symphonic engravings Don Quixote (1960, mushure meM. Cervantes), yakazara neSpanish innation, kutenderera kwezvidimbu zvisere, munhevedzano iyo inosuruvarisa mufananidzo wakanaka we Knight of the Sad Image. kubuda; Sonata ye violin uye piyano (1960), yakatsaurirwa kumurangariro wemudzidzisi wehuduku, muimbi anoshamisa V. Kozlov (kuguma kwebasa, passacaglia inoshamisa, yakavakirwa pazwi rake anagram); Zvikamu zvitanhatu zvekupedzisira kubva pakutenderera kwe6 "preludes yepiyano" (24-1951).

Chimiro chenyika-yenyika chakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi hukuru kubva kumhando yepamusoro muThird Symphony yeChamber Orchestra (1964), rimwe remabasa makuru ekutanga emimhanzi yeSoviet akagadzirwa uchishandisa nzira yeserial technique.

Dingindira resimphony - fungidziro yemurume "nezvenguva uye nezvake" - inodzokororwa zvakapetwa musimba rekuita kwechikamu chekutanga, mune iridescent sonority yeashug chants yechipiri, muhuzivi hunoratidza Andante, mukuvhenekerwa kwekodha, kubvisa kunyomba kusina mutsa kwefugue yekupedzisira.

Kushandiswa kwemhando dzemimhanzi dzakasiyana (dzakakweretwa kubva muzana ramakore re1974 uye dzazvino uno dzakabatanidzwa ne "big beat" maitiro) yakaronga dramaturgy yemumhanzi The Furious Gascon (1967, yakavakirwa paCyrano de Bergerac naE. Rostand) nezve French yakakurumbira. freethinker mudetembi. Kureba kwekugadzira kwaKaraev kunosanganisirawo Violin Concerto (12, yakatsaurirwa kuna L. Kogan), izere nevanhu vepamusoro, uye kutenderera "1982 Fugues for Piano" - rwiyo rwekupedzisira rwemunyori (XNUMX), muenzaniso wepfungwa dzakadzama dzehuzivi uye inopenya polyphonic. mastery.

Mimhanzi yeSoviet master inonzwika munyika dzakawanda dzepasi. Mamiriro eunyanzvi uye anoyevedza aKaraev, munyori uye mudzidzisi (kwemakore mazhinji aive purofesa paAzerbaijan State Conservatory), akaita basa rakakura mukuumbwa kwechikoro chemazuva ano cheAzerbaijani chevanyori, chiverengero chezvizvarwa zvakawanda uye mupfumi muunhu hwekusika. . Basa rake, iro rakanyungudutsa tsika dzetsika yenyika uye kubudirira kwehunyanzvi hwepasirese kuita hutsva, hunhu hwepakutanga, hwakawedzera miganhu inoratidzira yemimhanzi yeAzerbaijani.

A. Bretanitskaya