Osip Afanasyevich Petrov |

Osip Petrov

"Muimbi uyu anogona kunge ari mumwe wevagadziri veRussia opera. Kungotenda chete kuvaimbi vakaita saiye, opera yedu inogona kutora nzvimbo yepamusoro zvine ruremekedzo kumirisana nemakwikwi neItari opera. " Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo VV Stasov inzvimbo yaOsip Afanasyevich Petrov mukuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwenyika. Hongu, muimbi uyu aive nebasa rechokwadi renhoroondo - akave pamavambo emitambo yenyika, pamwe naGlinka akaisa hwaro hwayo.

Panhoroondo yekutanga yeIvan Susanin muna 1836, Osip Petrov akaita chikamu chikuru, chaakagadzira achitungamirirwa naMikhail Ivanovich Glinka pachake. Uye kubvira ipapo, muimbi akatanhamara akatonga zvikuru panhandare yenyika.

Nzvimbo yaPetrov munhoroondo yeRussian opera yakatsanangurwa nemunyori mukuru wekuRussia Mussorgsky sezvizvi: "Petrov ititan akatakura pamapfudzi ake eHomeric zvinenge zvese zvakaitwa mumhanzi unoshamisa - kutanga kubva kuma30s ... akasiiwa, zvakadii zvisingakanganwiki uye zvakadzama hunyanzvi hwakadzidziswa nasekuru vanodiwa.

Osip Afanasevich Petrov akaberekwa November 15, 1807 muguta Elisavetgrad. Ionka (sekudanwa kwaakaitwa panguva iyoyo) Petrov akakurira semukomana wemugwagwa, asina baba. Amai, mukadzi aitengesa pamusika, vaiwana masendi nokushanda nesimba. Pazera remakore manomwe, Ionka akapinda mukwaya yechechi, apo treble yake inoyevedza, yakanaka kwazvo yakanyatsojeka, iyo yakazoita bass ine simba.

Pazera remakore gumi nemana, kuchinja kwakaitika mumatambudziko emukomana: munun'una waamai vake akatora Ionka kwaari kuti amudzidzise bhizinesi. Konstantin Savvich Petrov airema paruoko; mukomana aifanira kuripira chingwa chasekuru vake nokushanda zvakaoma, kazhinji kazhinji kunyange usiku. Pamusoro pezvo, babamunini vangu vakatarisa zvavaifarira zvemimhanzi sechimwe chinhu chisingadikanwi, chinonyevenutsa. Mhosva yacho yakabatsira: the regimental bandmaster akagara mumba. Achikwevera ngwariro kumano emumhanzi emukomana, akava muperekedzi wake wokutanga.

Konstantin Savvich akarambidza zvachose makirasi aya; akarova muzukuru wake zvakaipisisa paakamubata achidzidzira chiridzwa chacho. Asi Ionka akasindimara haana kukanda mapfumo pasi.

Nenguva isipi sekuru vakaenda kwemakore maviri vachiita basa, vachisiya muzukuru wavo. Osip yaisiyaniswa nemutsa wepamweya - chipingamupinyi chakajeka pakutengesa. Konstantin Savvich akakwanisa kudzoka nenguva, asingabvumiri mutengesi asina rombo kuti azviparadze zvachose, uye Osip akadzingwa kubva mu "nyaya" uye imba.

"Kunyomba nababamunini vangu kwakatanga panguva iyo boka raZhurakhovsky rakanga richishanya muElisavetgrad," anonyora kudaro ML Lvov. - Maererano neimwe vhezheni, Zhurakhovsky akanzwa netsaona kuti Petrov akaridza gitare neunyanzvi, ndokumukoka kuboka. Imwe vhezheni inoti Petrov, kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwemumwe munhu, akapinda pachikuva sekuwedzera. Ziso rakanaka remumwe muzvinabhizimisi ane ruzivo rwakaona kuvapo kwaPetrov kwekutanga, uyo akabva anzwa kurerukirwa ari pachikuva. Pashure paizvozvo, Petrov akaita sokuti anoramba ari muboka.

Muna 1826, Petrov akaita debut yake padanho Elisavetgrad mumutambo A. Shakhovsky "The Cossack Poet". Akataura rugwaro rwaivemo achiimba mavhesi. Kubudirira kwacho kwaive kwakanaka kwete chete nekuti akaridza "wake Ionka" pachikuva, asi zvakanyanya nekuti Petrov "akaberekerwa pachikuva."

Kusvikira 1830, danho repurovhinzi rekuita kwePetrov rakaenderera mberi. Akaita muna Nikolaev, Kharkov, Odessa, Kursk, Poltava nemamwe maguta. Tarenda yemuimbi wechidiki yakawedzera kutarisisa kwevateereri uye nyanzvi.

Muzhizha ra1830 muKursk, MS yakakwevera pfungwa dzaPetrov. Lebedev, mutungamiriri weSt. Petersburg Opera. Zvakanakira zvemuimbi wechidiki hazvirambike - izwi, kuita, kutaridzika kunoshamisa. Saka, pamberi peguta guru. "Tiri munzira," akadaro Petrov, "takamira kwemazuva mashoma muMoscow, takawana MS Shchepkin, wandinotoziva naye ... ini kugona kukuru kuve nyanzvi. Ndakafara sei kunzwa mashoko aya kubva kunyanzvi huru yakadaro! Vakandipa simba guru uye simba zvokuti ndakashaya kuti ndoratidza sei kuonga kwangu kwaari nokuda kwomutsa wake kumunhu akanga ashanya asingazivikanwi. Mukuwedzera, akandiendesa kuBolshoi Theatre, kune hamvuropu yaMadame Sontag. Ndakafadzwa chose nokuimba kwake; kusvikira panguva iyoyo ndakanga ndisati ndambonzwa chinhu chakadaro uye ndakanga ndisingatombonzwisisi kuti inzwi romunhu rinogona kusvika pakukwana kupi.

MuSt. Petersburg, Petrov akapfuurira kuvandudza tarenda rake. Akatanga muguta guru nechikamu cheSarastro muMozart's Magic Flute, uye kutanga uku kwakamutsa mhinduro yakanaka. Mupepanhau rinonzi “Northern Bee” munhu anogona kurava, kuti: “Nguva ino, muoperation inonzi The Magic Flute, Mr. Petrov, muimbi wechiduku, akaoneka kekutanga pachikuva chedu, achitivimbisa muimbi nomutambi akanaka.

"Saka mumwe muimbi anobva kuvanhu, Petrov, akauya kuimba yemimhanzi yeRussia uye akaipfumisa nehupfumi hwekuimba kwevanhu," anonyora kudaro ML Lvov. - Panguva iyoyo, ruzha rukuru rwakadaro rwaidiwa kubva kune muimbi weopera, izvo zvakanga zvisingasviki inzwi pasina kudzidziswa kwakakosha. Chinetso chacho chakanga chiri muidi rokuti kuumbwa kwemanzwi akakwirira kwaida unyanzvi hutsva, hwakasiyana nehwokuumba manzwi anozivikanwa kunzwi rakapiwa. Sezvingatarisirwa, Petrov akanga asingakwanisi unyanzvi uhwu hwakaoma mumwedzi miviri, uye mutsoropodzi akanga akarurama paakaona mukuimba kwake kwokutanga “kuchinjira kwacho kunopinda muzvinyorwa zvepamusoro.” Hwaive hunyanzvi hwekutsikisa shanduko iyi uye kugona kurira kwakanyanya uko Petrov akaramba achidzidza naKavos mumakore aitevera.

Izvi zvakateverwa nekududzirwa kwakanaka kwezvikamu zvakakura zvebass muma opera naRossini, Megul, Bellini, Aubert, Weber, Meyerbeer nevamwe vanyori.

Petrov akanyora kuti, “Kazhinji shumiro yangu yaifadza zvikuru, asi ndaifanira kushanda zvakanyanya, nokuti ndaitamba mumadhirama neopera, uye zvisinei nokuti vaipa opera ipi, ndaibatikana kwose kwose… kubudirira kwangu mumunda wake waakasarudza, asi kashoma aigutsikana naye pachake mushure mekuita. Dzimwe nguva, ndakatambura nekukundikana kuduku pachikuva uye ndakapedza usiku husina hope, uye zuva raitevera iwe waiuya kuzodzidzira - zvakanga zvichinyara kutarisa Kavos. Upenyu hwangu hwakanga hune mwero zvikuru. Ndaiva nevashoma vandaizivana navo ... Kazhinji kacho, ndaigara kumba, ndaiimba masikero mazuva ose, ndaidzidzira mabasa uye ndaienda kuimba yemitambo.

Petrov akaenderera mberi ari mutambi wekirasi yekutanga yeWestern European operatic repertoire. Sezvineiwo, aigara achitora chikamu mumitambo yeItaly opera. Pamwe chete nevaaishanda navo kune dzimwe nyika, akaimba mumitambo yeBellini, Rossini, Donizetti, uye pano akawana mikana yake yakawanda yeunyanzvi, unyanzvi hwekuita, pfungwa yemaitiro.

Zvaakaita munhoroondo yokune dzimwe nyika zvakakonzera kuyemurwa nemwoyo wose kwevanhu vepanguva yake. Zvakakodzera kutora mitsara kubva mubhuku raLazhechnikov rinonzi The Basurman, iro rinotaura nezveopera yaMeyerbeer: “Unoyeuka Petrov mubhuku raRobert Dhiyabhorosi here? Uye sei kusarangarira! Ndakangomuona ari mubasa iri kamwe chete, uye nanhasi, pandinofunga nezvake, zvinonzwika zvichindishungurudza, semafona anobva kugehena: “Hongu, mutsigiri.” Uye kutarisa uku, kubva mukukwezva izvo mweya wako hauna simba rekuzvisunungura, uye iyi safroni chiso, yakakanganiswa nekupenga kwekuda. Uye iri sango rebvudzi, kubva pariri, senge dendere renyoka rakagadzirira kukambaira kunze ... "

Uye hezvino izvo AN Serov: "Yemura mweya uyo Petrov anoita arioso yake muchiitiko chekutanga, muchiitiko naRobert. Manzwiro akanaka erudo rwababa anopesana nehunhu hwemunhu wekuzvarwa, saka, kupa hunhu kune ichi kudururwa kwemoyo, pasina kusiya basa, inyaya yakaoma. Petrov akakunda zvachose dambudziko iri pano uye mubasa rake rose.

Serov akanyanya kucherechedzwa mumutambo wemutambi weRussia izvo zvakasiyanisa Petrov kubva kune vamwe vatambi vakatanhamara veiyi basa - kugona kuwana vanhu mumweya weakaipa uye kusimbisa simba rinoparadza rehuipi naro. Serov akati Petrov ari pachinzvimbo chaBertram akadarika Ferzing, naTamburini, naFormez, naLevasseur.

Muimbi Glinka akanyatsotevera kubudirira kwemuimbi. Akafadzwa nezwi raPetrov rakapfuma mune inonzwika nuances, iyo yakabatanidza simba rebhesi gobvu nekufamba kwechiedza baritone. “Inzwi iri rakanga rakaita sekurira kwakaderera kwebhero guru resimbi,” anonyora kudaro Lvov. “Pamanotsi akakwirira, yaipenya semheni inopenya murima gobvu redenga rousiku.” Tichifunga nezvemikana yekugadzira yaPetrov, Glinka akanyora Susanin wake.

Mbudzi 27, 1836 izuva rakakosha rekutanga kweGlinka's opera A Life for the Tsar. Yakanga iri nguva yakanakisa yaPetrov - akaburitsa pachena hunhu hweRussia patriot.

Heano maitiro maviri chete kubva kune vane shungu vatsoropodzi:

"Mubasa raSusanin, Petrov akasimuka kusvika pakukwirira kwakazara kwetarenda rake rakakura. Akasika rudzi rwekare, uye inzwi rose, shoko rose raPetrov mubasa raSusanin richapfuura kuva vana vari kure.

"Zvinoshamisa, zvakadzika, kunzwa kwechokwadi, kukwanisa kusvika kune nzira dzinoshamisa, nyore uye chokwadi, chido - izvi ndizvo zvakakurumidza kuisa Petrov naVorobyova panzvimbo yekutanga pakati pevatambi vedu uye zvakaita kuti ruzhinji rweRussia ruende mumapoka evanhu kumitambo ye" Upenyu hwe Tsar "".

Pamwe chete, Petrov akaimba chikamu cheSusanin kane mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nenhatu! Basa iri rakazarura danho idzva, rinokosha zvikuru muhupenyu hwake. Nzira yacho yakagadzirwa nevanyori vakuru - Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. Kufanana nevanyori pachavo, zvose zvinosuruvarisa uye zvemakomiki zvaive zvakaenzana pasi pake. Nzvimbo dzayo dzepamusoro, dzinotevera Susanin, ndiFarlaf muRuslan naLyudmila, Melnik muRusalka, Leporello muThe Stone Guest, Varlaam muBoris Godunov.

Munyori C. Cui akanyora nezvokuimba kwechikamu chaFarlaf, kuti: “Ndingati chii nezvaVaPetrov? Nzira yekutaura sei mutero wese wekushamisika kune tarenda rake rinoshamisa? Nzira yekutaura sei hunyengeri hwese uye hunhu hwemutambo; kutendeka kwekutaura kune madiki madiki: kuimba kwakangwara zvakanyanya? Ngatimbotii pamabasa mazhinji ane tarenda uye epakutanga akagadzirwa naPetrov, basa raFarlaf nderimwe reakanakisa.

uye VV Stasov vakanyatsofunga kuita kwaPetrov kwechinzvimbo chaFarlaf semuenzaniso wekuti vese vanoita basa iri vanofanira kuenzana.

Musi waMay 4, 1856, Petrov akatanga kutamba basa raMelnik muDargomyzhsky's Rusalka. Vatsoropodza vaiona mutambo wake seizvi: “Tinogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti nekugadzira basa iri, pasina mubvunzo VaPetrov vakawana kodzero inokosha yezita remuimbi. Chiso chake, kutaura zvine hunyanzvi, matauriro akajeka zvisingaite ... unyanzvi hwake hwekuedzesera hunounzwa kusvika padanho rekukwana zvekuti pachiitiko chechitatu, pakuonekwa kwake chete, pasina kana shoko rimwe zvaro raanzwa, nekutaura kwechiso chake, nekudzungudza. kufamba kwemaoko ake, zviri pachena kuti Miller anopenga.

Makore gumi nemaviri gare gare, munhu anogona kuverenga ongororo inotevera: "Basa raMelnik nderimwe remhando nhatu dzisingaenzaniswi dzakagadzirwa naPetrov mumitambo mitatu yeRussia, uye hazvigoneke kuti hunyanzvi hwake hwekusika hwakasvika pakakwirira muMelnik. Munzvimbo dzose dzakasiyana-siyana dzeMelnik, umo anoratidza makaro, kushandira kuMuchinda, mufaro pakuona mari, kuora mwoyo, kupenga, Petrov akaenzana zvikuru.

Kune izvi zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti muimbi mukuru aivewo akasarudzika master of chamber vocal performance. Vemazuva ano vakatisiya humbowo hwakawanda hwekududzirwa kunoshamisa kwePetrov kwerudo rwaGlinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. Pamwe chete nevagadziri vakanaka vemimhanzi, Osip Afanasyevich anogona kunzi zvakachengetedzeka muvambi weRussian vocal art zvese panhandare yeopera uye padanho rekonzati.

Kusimuka kwekupedzisira kwemuimbi uye kunoshamisa musimba uye kupenya kunotangira kuma70s, apo Petrov akagadzira akati wandei emazwi uye esiteji; pakati pavo ndiLeporello ("The Stone Guest"), Ivan the Terrible ("The Maid of Pskov"), Varlaam ("Boris Godunov") nevamwe.

Kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake, Petrov haana kuparadzana nechikuva. Mukutaura kwokufananidzira kwaMussorgsky, iye “pamubhedha wake worufu, akanzvenga mabasa ake.”

Muimbi akafa musi waKurume 12, 1878.

References: Glinka M., Notes, "Russian Antiquity", 1870, vol. 1-2, MI Glinka. Literary heritage, vol. 1, M.-L., 1952; Stasov VV, OA Petrov, mubhuku: Russian modern figures, vol. 2, St. Petersburg, 1877, p. 79-92, zvakafanana, mubhuku rake: Zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi, vol. 2, M., 1976; Lvov M., O. Petrov, M.-L., 1946; Lastochkina E., Osip Petrov, M.-L., 1950; Gozenpud A., Mimhanzi theatre muRussia. Kubva kumavambo kuenda kuGlinka. Chinyorwa, L., 1959; yake pachake, Russian Opera Theatre yezana remakore rekutanga, (vol. 1) - 1836-1856, (vol. 2) - 1857-1872, (vol. 3) - 1873-1889, L., 1969-73; Livanova TN, Opera kushoropodzwa muRussia, vol. 1, kwete. 1-2, vol. 2, kwete. 3-4, M., 1966-73 (Chinyorwa 1 pamwe chete neVV Protopopov).