Anna Yakovlevna Petrova-Vorobieva |

Anna Petrova-Vorobieva

Pasina nguva, makore gumi nematatu chete, basa raAna Yakovlevna Petrova-Vorobyeva rakagara. Asi kunyange makore aya akakwana kunyora zita rake munhoroondo yeRussia art mune mavara egoridhe.

Aiva nezwi rinoshamisa, runako uye simba risingawanzoitiki, "velvet" timbre uye zvakasiyana-siyana (maoctaves maviri nehafu, kubva ku"F" diki kusvika"B-flat" yechipiri octave), chimiro chine simba. , aiva nounyanzvi hwokuridza inzwi,” anonyora kudaro Pruzhansky. "Muchikamu chega chega, muimbi akayedza kuti awane kubatana kwakazara kwezwi uye padanho."

Mumwe wevakararama panguva yemuimbi wacho akanyora kuti: “Achangobuda, zvino uchaona mutambi mukuru uye muimbi akafuridzirwa. Panguva ino, kufamba kwake kwese, ndima yega yega, chiyero chese chakazadzwa nehupenyu, kunzwa, hunyanzvi hwemifananidzo. Izwi rake remashiripiti, kutamba kwake kwekugadzira kuri kukumbira zvakaenzana mumoyo wemudikani wese anotonhora uye anopisa.

Anna Yakovlevna Vorobieva akaberekwa musi waFebruary 14, 1817 muSt. Petersburg, mumhuri yemudzidzisi mumakwaya eImperial St. Petersburg theatre. Akapedza kudzidza kubva kuSt. Petersburg Theater School. Kutanga akadzidza mukirasi ye ballet yeSh. Didlo, uyezve mukirasi yokuimba yaA. Sapienza naG. Lomakin. Gare gare, Anna akavandudza unyanzvi hwezwi pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaK. Kavos naM. Glinka.

Muna 1833, achiri mudzidzi pachikoro chemitambo, Anna akaita dhipatimendi rake pachikuva cheopera aine chikamu chidiki chePipo muRossini's The Thieving Magpie. Connoisseurs pakarepo vakacherechedza kugona kwake kunoshamisa kwezwi: contralto isingawanzo musimba uye runako, unyanzvi hwakanakisisa, kujekesa kwekuimba. Gare gare, muimbi wechidiki akaita saRitta ("Tsampa, gororo regungwa, kana Marble Mwenga").

Panguva iyoyo, nhandare yeumambo yakanga yatove yakapiwa zvachose kuItaly opera, uye muimbi wechidiki haana kukwanisa kuratidza tarenda rake zvizere. Pasinei nekubudirira kwake, apedza kudzidza kukoreji, Anna akagadzwa nemutungamiriri weImperial Theaters A. Gedeonov kukwaya yeSt. Petersburg Opera. Munguva iyi, Vorobyeva akatora chikamu mumadhirama, vaudeville, divertissement akasiyana-siyana, akaitwa mumakonzati nekuita kweSpanish arias uye romances. Kungotenda chete kuedza kwaK. Cavos, uyo akakoshesa izwi uye tarenda redariro remuimbi wechidiki, akawana mukana wekuridza musi wa30 Ndira 1835 saArzache, mushure mezvo akanyoreswa semuimbi ari oga weSt. .

Ava soloist, Vorobieva akatanga kugona "belkanto" repertoire - kunyanya opera naRossini naBellini. Asi chimwe chiitiko chakaitika chakangoerekana chachinja magumo ake. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, uyo akatanga basa pamutambo wake wekutanga, akasiyanisa vaviri pakati pevaimbi vakawanda veRussia opera nekutarisa kusinganzwisisiki uye kunopinda kwemuimbi, uye akavasarudza kuti vaite zvikamu zvikuru zve opera yeramangwana. Uye kwete chete vakasarudzwa, asi zvakare vakatanga kuvagadzirira kuzadzikiswa kwebasa rine mutoro.

“Vanyori vakaridza mativi neni nokushingaira kwechokwadi,” iye gare gare akayeuka kudaro. "Petrova (panguva iyoyo achiri Vorobyova), muimbi ane tarenda risingawanzo, aigara achindikumbira kuti ndimuimbire kaviri mimhanzi mitsva yese, kechitatu akatoimba mazwi nemimhanzi zvakanaka uye aiziva nemusoro ... "

Kuda kwemuimbi kumimhanzi yaGlinka kwakakura. Sezviri pachena, kunyange ipapo munyori akagutsikana nekubudirira kwake. Chero zvazvingava, pakupera kwezhizha ra1836, akanga atonyora vatatu nekwaya, “Ah, kwete kwandiri, murombo, mhepo ine simba,” mumashoko ake pachake, “tichifunga nezvenzira netarenda re Amai Vorobyeva.”

Musi waApril 8, 1836, muimbi akaita semuranda mumutambo we "Moldavian Gypsy, kana Gold and Dagger" naK. Bakhturin, apo pakutanga kwemufananidzo wechitatu akaita aria nekwaya yechikadzi yakanyorwa naGlinka.

Nenguva isipi kutanga kweOpera yekutanga yaGlinka, nhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia, yakaitika. VV Stasov akanyora gare gare:

Musi waNovember 27, 1836, opera yaGlinka "Susanin" yakapihwa kekutanga ...

Zviitwa zveSusanin zvaive zvakatevedzana zvemhemberero dzeGlinka, asiwo kune vaimbi vaviri vakuru: Osip Afanasevich Petrov, uyo airidza basa raSusanin, uye Anna Yakovlevna Vorobyeva, uyo akaita basa raVanya. Uyu wekupedzisira aive achiri musikana mudiki, achangopedza gore kubva kuchikoro chemitambo uye kusvika pakuonekwa kwaSusanin kwakatongerwa kukambaira mukwaya, kunyangwe izwi rake rinoshamisa uye kugona. Kubva pakutamba kwekutanga chaiko kweopera idzva, vese vari vaviri vaimbi vakakwira kusvika pakukwirira kwekuita zveunyanzvi, izvo kusvika panguva iyoyo pasina kana mumwe wevaiti vedu veopera akange asvika. Panguva ino, inzwi raPetrov rakanga ragamuchira kukura kwayo kwose uye rakava iro rakanaka, "bhesi rine simba" iro Glinka anotaura pamusoro paro muzvinyorwa zvake. Inzwi raVorobieva raiva rimwe rezvinoshamisa zvikuru, contraltos inoshamisa muEurope yose: vhoriyamu, runako, simba, unyoro - zvose zviri mukati maro zvakashamisa muteereri uye akaita paari nekunaka kusingadzivisiki. Asi hunhu hwehunyanzvi hwevanyori vaviri ava hwakasiya kure nekunaka kwemanzwi avo.

Zvinoshamisa, zvakadzika, kunzwa kwechokwadi, kukwanisa kusvika kunzira dzinoshamisa, nyore uye chokwadi, chido - ndizvo zvakabva zvaisa Petrov naVorobyova panzvimbo yekutanga pakati pevatambi vedu uye zvakaita kuti ruzhinji rweRussia ruende mumhomho kumitambo ya "Ivan Susanin". Glinka pachake akabva atenda kuremekedzwa kwevatambi vaviri ava uye netsitsi akatora dzidzo yavo yepamusoro yeunyanzvi. Zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti kusvika papi vane tarenda, vagara vane zvipo zvakapfuma maartist nemasikirwo aifanira kuenderera mberi, apo munyori akangwara akangoerekana ava mutungamiriri wavo, chipangamazano uye mudzidzisi.

Nguva pfupi mushure mekuita uku, muna 1837, Anna Yakovlevna Vorobyeva akava mudzimai waPetrov. Glinka akapa vachangobva kuchata chipo chinodhura, chakakosha. Heino nzira iyo muimbi pachake anotaura nezvazvo mune yake memoirs:

"MunaGunyana, Osip Afanasyevich ainetsekana nepfungwa yekuti chii chekumupa semubairo wakarongerwa Gumiguru 18. Muzhizha, panguva yemabasa emuchato, akakanganwa zvachose nezvezuva rino. Mumazuva iwayo ... muiti wega wega aifanira kuita basa rekunyora mutambo wacho pachake, asi kana asina kuuya nechinhu chitsva, asi asingadi kupa chekare, aibva azviisa panjodzi yekurasikirwa zvachose nekuita kwekubatsira (izvo ini. ndakambozvionera pachangu), ndiyo yakanga yava mitemo. Gumiguru 18 haisi kure, tinofanira kusarudza pane chimwe chinhu. Kududzira nenzira iyi, takasvika kumhedziso: Glinka angabvuma kuwedzera chimwe chiitiko chaVanya kune opera yake. Pa Act 3, Susanin anotumira Vanya kudare remudhara, saka zvaizoita here kuwedzera kuti Vanya anomhanya sei ikoko?

Murume wangu akabva aenda kuna Nestor Vasilyevich Kukolnik kuti ataure nezve pfungwa yedu. Mutambi wezvidhori wacho akanyatsoteerera, uye akati: “Uya, hama, manheru, Misha achava neni nhasi, uye tichakurukura.” Na8 o'clock manheru Osip Afanasyevich akaenda ikoko. Anopinda, anoona kuti Glinka akagara papiyano uye achihon'era chimwe chinhu, uye Mupopi ari kufamba-famba mukamuri achizeya chimwe chinhu. Zvinoitika kuti Puppeteer akatoita chirongwa chechiitiko chitsva, mazwi anenge akagadzirira, uye Glinka ari kutamba fungidziro. Vese vari vaviri vakabata pfungwa iyi nemufaro uye vakakurudzira Osip Afanasyevich kuti nhanho yaizove yagadzirira muna Gumiguru 18.

Zuva rinotevera, na9 am, kudanidzira kwakasimba kunonzwika; Ini handisati ndamuka, zvakanaka, ndinofunga, ndiani auya nekukurumidza kudaro? Pakarepo mumwe munhu anogogodza pamusuwo wekamuri yangu, uye ndinonzwa inzwi raGlinka:

- Mukadzi, simuka nekukurumidza, ndaunza aria itsva!

Mumaminitsi gumi ndakanga ndagadzirira. Ndinobuda, uye Glinka atogara papiyano uye achiratidza Osip Afanasyevich chiitiko chitsva. Mumwe anogona kufungidzira kushamisika kwangu pandakamunzwa uye ndakagutsikana kuti dariro yakanga yakagadzirira zvakakwana, kureva zvose zvinyorwa, andante uye allegro. Ndakabva ndangopindwa nechando. Akava nenguva yekuinyora rini? Nezuro taitaura nezvake! "Zvakanaka, Mikhail Ivanovich," ndinoti, "uri muroyi." Uye anongonyemwerera zvinyoro nyoro ndokuti kwandiri:

- Ini, tenzikadzi, ndakuunzirai gwaro, kuti muiedze nezwi uye kana rakanyorwa nemazvo.

Ndakaimba ndikaona kuti zvine hunyoro uye nezwi. Pashure paizvozvo, akaenda, asi akavimbisa kutumira aria nokukurumidza, uye kuronga dariro pakutanga October. Musi wa18 Gumiguru, kuita kwaOsip Afanasyevich kwakabatsira kwaive opera A Life yeTsar ine imwe chiitiko, iyo yaive budiriro huru; vakawanda vakadana munyori nomuiti. Kubva ipapo, chiitiko ichi chekuwedzera chave chikamu che opera, uye mune iyi fomu inoitwa nanhasi.

Makore anoverengeka akapfuura, uye muimbi anoonga akakwanisa kutenda zvakakwana mubatsiri wake. Zvakaitika muna 1842, mumazuva iwayo aNovember, apo opera Ruslan naLyudmila yakatanga kuitwa muSt. Pakutanga uye pamutambo wechipiri, nekuda kwechirwere chaAnna Yakovlevna, chikamu cheRatmir chakaitwa nemuimbi wechidiki uye asina ruzivo Petrova, zita rake. Akaimba achitya, uye mune zvakawanda nekuda kwechikonzero ichi opera yakagamuchirwa zvisingaite. “Petrova mukuru akaonekwa pamutambo wechitatu,” anonyora kudaro Glinka muManotsi ake, “akaita chiitiko chechitatu nechido zvokuti akafadza vateereri. Kuombera maoko kukuru kwakanzwika uye kwenguva refu, zvichindidaidza zvine mutsindo, ndokuzoti Petrova. Kufona uku kwakaenderera mberi kwemitambo gumi nenomwe ... ”Isu tinowedzera kuti, maererano nemapepanhau enguva iyoyo, muimbi dzimwe nguva aimanikidzwa kupinza aria yaRatmir katatu.

VV Stasov akanyora kuti:

"Mabasa ake makuru, mukati memakore gumi ebasa rake, kubva muna 10 kusvika 1835, aiva mumitambo inotevera: Ivan Susanin, Ruslan naLyudmila - Glinka; "Semiramide", "Tancred", "Count Ori", "The Thieving Magpie" - Rossini; "Montagues uye Capulets", "Norma" - Bellini; "Kukombwa kweCalais" - Donizetti; "Teobaldo uye Isolina" - Morlacchi; “Tsampa” – Herold. Muna 1845, iye, pamwe chete nemukurumbira, hunyanzvi hwekuItaly Pasta, vakaita "Montagues uye Capuleti" uye vakatungamira vateereri mukunakidzwa kusingatsananguriki nekuita kwake kwerudo, kusiririsa kwechikamu cheRomeo. Mugore rimwe chetero akaimba nekukwana kwakafanana uye nechido chikamu cheTeobaldo muMorlacchi's Teobaldo e Isolina, iyo mune yayo libretto yakafanana zvakanyanya neMontagues neCapulets. Nezvekutanga kwemaopera maviri aya, Kukolnik akanyora muKhudozhestvennaya Gazeta kuti: “Ndiudze, Teobaldo akatora kubva kunaani kureruka uye chokwadi chemutambo uyu? Mano chete echikamu chepamusoro anotenderwa kufungidzira muganho weiyo inoyevedza neyakafemerwa chiratidziro, uye, ichikwezva vamwe, ivo pachavo vanotakurwa, vachitsungirira kusvika kumagumo kukura kwezvishuwo, uye simba rezwi, uye zvishoma. mimvuri yebasa.

Kuimba kweOpera muvengi we gesticulation. Iko hakuna muimbi angave asingaite zvinosekesa mune opera. Amai Petrova panyaya iyi vanorohwa nehana. Kwete chete haisi kusetsa, pane zvinopesana, zvese zviri maari zvinoyevedza, zvakasimba, zvinoratidzira, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, chokwadi, chokwadi! ..

Asi, pasina kupokana, pamabasa ese evaviri vane tarenda hunyanzvi, akanyanya kusimba maererano nesimba uye chokwadi chenhoroondo yeruvara, mukudzika kwekunzwa uye kutendeseka, mukureruka kusingaenzaniswi uye chokwadi, aive mabasa avo muGlinka's mbiri huru yenyika. operas. Kuno havasati vambova nevakwikwidzi kusvika zvino.”

Zvose zvakaimbwa naVorobyeva zvakashora maari tenzi wekirasi yekutanga. Muimbi uyu akaita virtuoso zvikamu zveItaly nenzira yekuti akafananidzwa nevaimbi vane mukurumbira - Alboni naPolina Viardo-Garcia. Muna 1840, akaimba naJ. Pasta, asingarasikirwi neunyanzvi kumuimbi akakurumbira.

Basa rakanakisa remuimbi rakazove pfupi. Nekuda kwekuremerwa kwezwi, uye manejimendi emitambo akamanikidza muimbi kuti aite muzvikamu zvechirume, akarasikirwa nezwi rake. Izvi zvakaitika mushure mekuita kwechikamu chebaritone chaRichard ( "The Puritans"). Saka muna 1846 aifanira kubva pachikuva, kunyange zviri pamutemo Vorobyova-Petrova akanyorwa ari opera boka yemitambo kusvikira 1850.

Chokwadi, akaramba achiimba mumasalon uye mudenderedzwa repamba, achiri kufadza vateereri nemimhanzi yake. Petrova-Vorobyeva aive nemukurumbira nekuda kwekuita kwake kwerudo naGlinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky. Hanzvadzi yaGlinka LI Shestakova akayeuka kuti, paakatanga kunzwa The Orphan yaMussorgsky, yakaitwa naPetrova, “pakutanga akashamiswa, ndokusvimha misodzi zvokuti aisagona kugadzikana kwenguva refu. Hazvibviri kutsanangura kuti Anna Yakovlevna akaimba sei, kana kuti akataura; munhu anofanira kunzwa izvo murume ane njere anogona kuita, kunyange kana akarasikirwa zvachose inzwi rake uye atova nemakore akwegura.

Mukuwedzera, akatora chikamu chine hupenyu mukubudirira kwekugadzira kwemurume wake. Petrov ane chikwereti chakawanda kune yake isina kunaka kuravira, kupusa kunzwisisa kwehunyanzvi.

Mussorgsky yakatsaurirwa kuimba yemuimbi Marfa "Mucheche Akabuda" kubva kune opera "Khovanshchina" (1873) uye "Lullaby" (No. 1) kubva kutenderera "Nziyo uye Madhanzi Erufu" (1875). Unyanzvi hwemuimbi wacho hwakakosheswa zvikuru naA. Verstovsky, T. Shevchenko. Muiti wemifananidzo Karl Bryullov, muna 1840, anzwa inzwi remuimbi, akafara uye, maererano nekureurura kwake, "haana kukwanisa kurwisa misodzi ...".

Muimbi akafa musi waApril 26, 1901.

"Petrova akaitei, akafanirwa sei nekurangarira kwenguva refu uye kwakanaka munyika yedu yemimhanzi, iyo yakaona vaimbi vakanaka uye maartist avo vakapa nguva yakareba kwazvo yekugadzira kupfuura yakazopera Vorobyova? akanyora Russian Musical Newspaper mumazuva iwayo. - Uye hezvino izvo: A.Ya. Vorobyova pamwe chete nemurume wake, mushakabvu ane mbiri muimbi-muimbi OA Petrov, vaive vatambi vekutanga uye vakajeka vezvikamu zviviri zvikuru zveGlinka yekutanga yeRussia opera Life for the Tsar - Vanya naSusanin; AND I. Petrova aiva panguva imwe chete wechipiri uye mumwe wevatambi vane tarenda zvikuru vebasa raRatmir muGlinka's Ruslan naLyudmila.