Galina Oleinichenko |

Galina Oleinichenko

Gore rino rakapfuma mumhemberero dzevatenzi vechikoro chezwi chenyika. Uye isu tinopemberera yekutanga yavo pakupera kwaFebruary, manheru echitubu chakamirirwa kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinonyanya kufananidzira nekuti tarenda regamba redu remazuva ano, kana kuti gamba remazuva ano, rinoenderana nemamiriro echirimo - akajeka uye akachena, akapfava uye ane rwiyo, akareruka uye anoremekedza. Muchidimbu, nhasi tiri kukudza muimbi anoshamisa Galina Vasilievna Oleinichenko, ane inzwi risingakanganwiki rakanzwika mumhepo yedu yezwi kwemakore anenge makumi matatu uye rinonyatsozivikanwa kune vose vanoda opera.

Galina Oleynichenko ane mukurumbira, kutanga kune zvese, seye coloratura nyeredzi yeBolshoi Theatre ye60-70s. Zvisinei, akauya kuMoscow semuimbi atosimbiswa, uye kunze kwekunge akunda makwikwi matatu ezwi. Nekudaro, zviitiko zvakakosha zvebasa rake zvinosanganiswa neiyo huru opera nhanho yeUSSR: yaive pano, munhandare, iyo yaive yekupedzisira kurota uye nzvimbo yepamusoro yebasa remupi weSoviet vocalist, kuti kuimba kwemuimbi uye. tarenda redariro rakazarurwa zvakanyanya.

Galina Oleinichenko akaberekwa February 23, 1928 muUkraine, kufanana Nezhdanova guru pedyo Odessa, iyo inofananidzira kune imwe nhanho, sezvo yaiva Oleinichenko, pamwe naIrina Maslennikova, Elizaveta Shumskaya, Vera Firsova naBela Rudenko, uyo wechipiri. hafu yezana ramakore re1933 yakaita basa remuchengeti uye mutsivi wezvakanakisa tsika dzecoloratura kuimba pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre, yakasimbiswa nehukuru coloratura yemakore epamberi pehondo, vatsigiri veNezhdanova - Valeria Barsova, Elena. Stepanova uye Elena Katulskaya. Muimbi weramangwana akatanga dzidzo yake yemimhanzi achiri mudiki, achidzidza kirasi yembira paChikoro cheMumhanzi Yevana Vemakore Gumi. PS Stolyarsky. Ichi chikoro chedzidzo, chakavambwa muna XNUMX, chaizivikanwa zvakanyanya mukukura kwenyika yedu, sezvo ndipo pano pakatanga rwendo rwavo vaimbi vazhinji vane mukurumbira vekumba. Yaiva nechiridzwa chisina kujairika uye chinoshamisa icho Galina wechidiki akafunga kubatanidza ramangwana rake, achidzidza nesimba uye nechido chikuru. Zvisinei, ramangwana rakangoerekana rachinja zvirongwa zvake apo muimbi wemangwana akawana chipo chinoshamisa - inzwi, uye nokukurumidza akava mudzidzi wedhipatimendi rezwi reOdessa Musical College.

Odessa yemakore iwayo yakaramba iri nzvimbo huru yetsika yeU.SR, ichigara nhaka iyi kubva panguva dzisati dzashanduka. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Odessa Opera House ndeimwe yekare munharaunda yeRussia Empire (yakavambwa muna 1810), munguva yakapfuura nyeredzi dzepasi rose dzakapenya pachikuva chayo - saFyodor Chaliapin, Salome Krushelnitskaya, Leonid Sobinov, Medea naNikolai Figner, Giuseppe Anselmi, Enrico Caruso, Mattia Battistini, Leone Giraldoni, Titta Ruffo nevamwe. Uye kunyange zvazvo mumakore eSoviet pakanga pasisina tsika yekukoka nyeredzi dzeOpera dzeItaly, theatre yakaramba iine nzvimbo yakasimba mumhepo yemimhanzi yenyika yakakura, yakasara pakati pemapoka emimhanzi eU.SR. boka rakanga rakakwirira kwazvo, iro rakazadzikiswa nekuda kwekuvapo kwevashandi vanokwanisa kudzidzisa paOdessa Conservatory (Mapurofesa Yu.A. vaenzi vevatambi vanobva kuMoscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, nezvimwewo.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro aive nemhedzisiro inobatsira pakuumbwa kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, hutsika hwese uye kuravira kwetarenda diki. Kana pakutanga kwezvidzidzo zvake pakanga pachine kusava nechokwadi, panguva yaakapedza kudzidza kukoreji, Galina aiziva zvechokwadi kuti aida kuva muimbi, kuti aenderere mberi nedzidzo yake yemimhanzi. Muna 1948 akapinda mudhipatimendi rezwi reOdessa Conservatory. AV Nezhdanova mukirasi yePurofesa NA Urban, iyo yaakapedza nekukudza mumakore mashanu akatarwa.

Asi kutanga kwaOleinichenko panhandare yehunyanzvi kwakaitika kare - kumashure muna 1952, semudzidzi, akatanga kuoneka pachikuva cheOdessa Opera saGilda, akazova nyeredzi inotungamira yebasa rake. Pasinei nezera rake mudiki uye kusava neruzivo rwakanyanya rwehunyanzvi, Oleinichenko anobva atora chinzvimbo cheanotungamira solo muimba yemitambo, achiita repertoire yose yelyric-coloratura soprano. Ehe, tarenda remuimbi wechidiki rinoshamisa rakaita basa rakasimba mune izvi - ane inzwi rakanaka, rinochinjika uye rakapfava repachena, silvery timbre, uye anotsetsenura mumhando yecoloratura. Kuravira kwakanakisa uye mimhanzi yakamubvumira kuti agone hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana munguva pfupi. Yakanga iri mwaka mitatu pachikuva cheOdessa Opera iyo yakapa muimbi, mukuwedzera kune hwaro hwakasimba hwedzidzo yezwi yakagamuchirwa panzvimbo yekuchengetedza, ruzivo rwakakosha mukuita zvehunyanzvi, izvo zvakamubvumira kuti arambe ari tenzi wemaitiro makuru kwemakore mazhinji. , sezvavanotaura, "kupfuura kufungidzira".

Muna 1955, muimbi akava soloist pamwe Kyiv Opera, kwaakashanda kwemwaka miviri. Kuchinja kune yechitatu inonyanya kukosha yemitambo yemitambo yeU.SR yakanga yakasikwa, sezvo, kune rumwe rutivi, yakaratidza kubudirira kwebasa, uye kune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha pakubudirira kwemuimbi, nokuti pano akasangana. nevavheneko veUkraine opera yemakore iwayo, vakasangana nedariro uye vocal yepamusoro level tsika. Panguva iyoyo, boka rakasimba zvisina kujairika revaimbi vechidiki, chaizvo iro basa re coloratura soprano, rakakwira padanho reKyiv. Mukuwedzera kune Oleinichenko, Elizaveta Chavdar naBela Rudenko vakapenya muboka racho, Evgenia Miroshnichenko akatanga rwendo rwake, nguva pfupi yapfuura Lamar Chkonia. Zvechokwadi, kuumbwa kwakajeka kwakadaro kwakagadzirisa repertoire - vatungamiri nevatungamiri vakagadzirira coloratura divas nechido, zvaikwanisika kuimba zvikamu mumitambo isingawanzoitwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, kwaivawo nemakwikwi akaoma muimba yemitambo, kazhinji kwaiva nekukakavadzana kunooneka muhukama hwevanyori. Zvichida, izvi zvakaitawo basa muchisarudzo chaOleinichenko chokubvuma kukokwa kubva kuMoscow imwe nguva gare gare.

Munguva isati yasvika kuMoscow, muimbi akashanda nesimba mumakwikwi ekuimba, achikunda zita remubairo mumakwikwi matatu. Akagamuchira menduru yake yekutanga yegoridhe muna 1953 paMutambo Wepasi Pose weVechidiki uye Vadzidzi muBucharest. Gare gare, muna 1956, pakava nekukunda paAll-Union Vocal Competition muMoscow, uye 1957 yakaunza muimbi wechidiki kukunda kwechokwadi - menduru yegoridhe uye Grand Prix paInternational Vocal Competition muToulouse. Kukunda muToulouse kwainyanya kunakidza uye kwakakosha kuna Oleinichenko, nekuti, kusiyana nemakwikwi apfuura kwaakambotora chikamu, aive emhando yepamusoro-soro makwikwi ezwi, aigara achisiyaniswa nehupamhi hwevatori vechikamu uye kuomarara kwakakosha kwejury rine mukurumbira.

Iyo echo yekukunda muFrance haina kungobhururuka kuenda kuUkraine kwake chete - Oleinichenko, anga akatarisa muMoscow semuimbi anovimbisa, aifarira zvakanyanya muBolshoi Theatre. Uye muna 1957, kutanga kwake kwakaitika pano: Galina Vasilyevna akatanga kuonekwa pachikuva cheimba huru yeRussia muchikamu chake chaanofarira cheGilda, uye vaaifambidzana navo manheru iwayo vakanga vari nyanzvi dzekutaura kweRussia - Alexei Ivanov akaimba chikamu cheRigoletto. , uye Anatoly Orfenov akaimba Duke weMantua. Debut rakapfuura kubudirira. Orfenov akayeuka gare gare pachiitiko ichi: "Ndakaita chikamu cheDuke mumutambo iwoyo, uye kubva ipapo ndakatenda zvikuru Galina Vasilievna semuimbi anoshamisa uye shamwari huru. Pasina mubvunzo, Oleinichenko, maererano nemashoko ake ose, akasangana nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro zveBolshoi Theater.

Kuita kwekutanga hakuna kuva imwe chete, iyo inowanzoitika kunyange kana yakabudirira: pane zvinopesana, Oleinichenko anova soloist weBolshoi. Dai muimbi wacho akagara muKyiv, pamwe paizove nemutungamiri wehurumende muhupenyu hwake, angadai akawana mazita anotevera uye mibairo nekukurumidza, kusanganisira zita repamusoro rePeople's Artist yeUSSR, izvo zvisina kumboitika, kunyangwe aive zvakakodzera nazvo. Asi vaaikwikwidzana navo Chavdar naRudenko, avo vakaramba vachiimba kuKyiv Opera, vakaigamuchira vasati vasvika makore makumi matatu - iyi yaive mutemo wevakuru vetsika dzeSoviet maererano nedzimba dzeopera yenyika. Asi kune rumwe rutivi, Oleinichenko akanga ane rombo rakanaka rekushanda mune imwe yemitambo yakanakisisa munyika yose, yakakomberedzwa nevatenzi vakakurumbira - sezvamunoziva, chiyero chechikwata che opera mu60-70s chakanga chakakwirira kudarika kare. Kanopfuura kamwe, muimbi akatenderera kunze kwenyika neboka remitambo, aine mukana wekuratidza hunyanzvi hwake kune muteereri wekune dzimwe nyika.

Galina Oleinichenko akaita pachikuva cheBolshoi Theatre kweanenge chikamu chechina chezana, aita repertoire huru panguva iyi. Chokutanga pane zvose, pamusangano weMoscow, muiti wacho akapenya muzvikamu zvekare zve lyric-coloratura, izvo zvakanakisisa zvinonzi Violetta, Rosina, Suzanna, Snegurochka, Marita muTsar's Bride, Tsarevna Swan, Volkhova, Antonida, Lyudmila. Mune aya mabasa, muimbi airatidza hunyanzvi hwekutaura husina magumo, hunhu muhunyanzvi hwecoloratura, uye dhizaini ine kufunga. Panguva imwecheteyo, Oleinichenko haana kumbozeza kubva kumimhanzi yemazuva ano - operatic repertoire yake inosanganisira mabasa akawanda mumitambo yeSoviet vanyori. Kunyangwe mumakore ekushanda muOdessa, akaita saNastya mumutambo waDmitry Kabalevsky The Taras Family. Repertoire yemazuva ano paBolshoi Theatre yakazadzikiswa nehuwandu hwemitambo mitsva, pakati payo: kutanga kwemaopera The Tale of the Real Man naSergei Prokofiev (chikamu chaOlga), The Fate of Man by Ivan Dzerzhinsky (Zinka) , and October by Vano Muradeli (Lena).

Kutora chikamu mukuita kwekutanga padanho reRussia raBenjamin Britten's brilliant opera A Midsummer Night's Dream, hongu, yaive yakakosha mubasa remazuva ano opera repertoire. Galina Oleinichenko akava mutambi wekutanga weRussia wechikamu chakaoma uye chinonakidza chemambokadzi weElves Titania maererano nemashoko ezwi. Iri basa rinopfuura kurongedzerwa nemhando dzese dzemanomano ezwi, pano rinoshandiswa kusvika pakukwirira kwekugona kwerudzi urwu rwezwi. Oleinichenko akatsungirira mabasa acho nehungwaru, uye chifananidzo chaakagadzira nenzira kwayo chakava chimwe chezvakakosha mukuita, izvo zvakaunza pamwe chete nyanzvi yevatori vechikamu - director Boris Pokrovsky, conductor Gennady Rozhdestvensky, muimbi Nikolai Benois, vaimbi Elena Obraztsova, Alexander Ognivtsev, Evgeny Kibkalo nevamwe.

Zvinosuruvarisa, ramangwana harina kupa Galina Oleinichenko zvimwe zvechipo chakadaro, kunyange zvazvo iye, zvechokwadi, aiva nemamwe mabasa anofadza uye maitiro anoshamisa. Muimbi akateerera zvakanyanya kumitambo yemakonti, akashanyira nyika uye kunze kwenyika. Nzendo dzake dzakatanga pakarepo mushure mekukunda muToulouse, uye kwechikamu chechina chezana ramakore Oleinichenko's solo Concerts yakaitika muEngland, France, Greece, Belgium, Austria, Holland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, China, Romania, Poland, Germany, nezvimwewo. ane arias kubva kuma opera, akabatanidzwa mune yake theatre repertoire, muimbi akaridza padanho rekonzati arias kubva ku "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Mignon", "Manon" naMassenet, coloratura arias naRossini, Delibes. Chamber classics inomiririrwa nemazita eGlinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, Bach, Schubert, Liszt, Grieg, Gounod, Saint-Saens, Debussy, Gliere, Prokofiev, Kabalevsky, Khrennikov, Dunaevsky, Meitus. Oleinichenko aiwanzoita nziyo dzechiUkrainian folk kubva padanho rekonzati. Basa rekamuri raGalina Vasilievna rakabatana zvakanyanya neViolin Ensemble yeBolshoi Theatre pasi pekutungamirwa naYuli Reentovich - akadzokorora kuita nemubatanidzwa uyu munyika yedu nekune dzimwe nyika.

Mushure mokusiya Bolshoi Theater, Galina Oleinichenko akaisa pfungwa pakudzidzisa. Nhasi ndiye purofesa paRussia Academy of Music. Gnesins, semuperekedzi, anoshanda nechirongwa cheMazita Matsva.

Tinoshuvira muimbi anoshamisa uye mudzidzisi hutano hwakanaka uye nekuwedzera kubudirira kwekugadzira!

A. Matusevich, operanews.ru