Baldassare Galuppi |

Baldassare Galuppi

Zita rekuti B. Galuppi haritauri zvishoma kune anoda mimhanzi yemazuva ano, asi munguva yake akanga ari mumwe wevakuru vakuru veItaly comic opera. Galuppi akaita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwemimhanzi kwete Italy chete, asiwo dzimwe nyika, kunyanya Russia.

Italy 112th century chaiyo yaigara ne opera. Unyanzvi hunodiwa uhwu hwakapa pachena kuchiva kwevaItaly kwekuimba, hukasha hwavo hwemoto. Nekudaro, haina kutsvaga kubata zvakadzika zvemweya uye haina kugadzira masterpieces "kwemazana emakore". Muzana XVIII remakore. Vaimbi vekuItaly vakagadzira akawanda emaopera, uye nhamba yemaopera eGaluppi (50) yakajairika panguva iyoyo. Mukuwedzera, Galuppi akasika mabasa akawanda echechi: misa, zvinodiwa, oratorios uye cantatas. A brilliant virtuoso - tenzi we clavier - akanyora anopfuura XNUMX sonatas pachiridzwa ichi.

Munguva yehupenyu hwake, Galuppi ainzi Buranello - kubva kuzita rechitsuwa cheBurano (pedyo neVenice), kwaakaberekerwa. Anenge ese ehupenyu hwake hwekusika hwakabatana neVenice: pano akadzidza pane Conservatory (pamwe A. Lotti), uye kubva 1762 kusvika pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake (kunze kwenguva yaakapedza muRussia) aive mutungamiriri wayo uye mutungamiriri we. kwaya. Panguva imwecheteyo, Galuppi akagamuchira nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro yemimhanzi muVenice - bandmaster yeSt. Mark's Cathedral (zvisati zvaitika, akanga ari mubatsiri webhendi kwemakore anoda kusvika 15), muVenice kubva pakupera kwe20s. ma opera ake okutanga akaitwa.

Galuppi akanyora kunyanya komiki operas (akanakisisa kwavari: "The Village Philosopher" - 1754, "Vatatu Ridiculous Lovers" - 1761). 20 nziyo dzakaitwa pazvinyorwa zvemunyori wemitambo ane mukurumbira C. Goldoni, uyo akambotaura kuti Galuppi “pakati pevaimbi mumwe chetewo naRaphael ari pakati pevanyori.” Mukuwedzera kune comic Galuppi, akanyorawo maopera akakomba akavakirwa pazvidzidzo zvekare: semuenzaniso, The Abandoned Dido (1741) uye Iphigenia muTaurida (1768) yakanyorwa muRussia. Muimbi wacho akakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira muItaly nedzimwe nyika. Akakokwa kuzoshanda muLondon (1741-43), uye muna 1765 - muSt. Chinonyanya kufarirwa ndezvaGaluppi nziyo dzekwaya dzakagadzirirwa Chechi yeOrthodox (15 pamwe chete). Muimbi munzira dzakawanda akabatsira pakugadzwa kwemaitiro matsva, akareruka uye ane manzwiro ekuimba kwechechi yeRussia. Mudzidzi wake akanga ari munyori akatanhamara wokuRussia D. Bortnyansky (akadzidza naGaluppi muRussia, uye ipapo akaenda kuItaly naye).

Achidzokera kuVenice, Galuppi akapfuurira kuita mabasa ake paSt. Mark's Cathedral uye panzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu. Sokunyora kwakaita mufambi wechiNgezi C. Burney, “nyanzvi ya Signor Galuppi, kufanana nounyanzvi hwaTitian, inova inotuswa zvikuru nokufamba kwamakore. Iye zvino Galuppi haasati ari pasi pemakore makumi manomwe, uye zvakadaro, nenhoroondo dzose, maopera ake ekupedzisira uye nziyo dzechechi dzinozara nekufarira, kuravira uye fungidziro kupfuura chero imwe nguva yehupenyu hwake.

K. Zenkin