Georg Philipp Telemann |

Georg Philipp Teleman

Telemann. Suite a-moll. "Judicial"

Pasinei nekutonga kwedu pamusoro pehutano hwebasa iri, munhu haagoni kuita kunze kwekushamiswa nekubudirira kwaro kunoshamisa uye vivacity inoshamisa yemurume uyu uyo, kubva pazera remakore gumi kusvika makumi masere nematanhatu, anonyora mimhanzi nekushingaira uye mufaro usinganeti. R. Rollan

Kunyangwe isu tisingakwanise kugovera maonero evenguva yaHF Telemann, vakamuisa pamusoro peJS Bach uye asiri pasi peGF Handel, aive mumwe wevaimbi veGerman vainyanya kungwara panguva yake. Basa rake rekugadzira uye bhizinesi rinoshamisa: munyori, anonzi akagadzira akawanda mabasa saBach naHandel akabatanidzwa, Telemann anozivikanwawo semudetembi, murongi ane tarenda, akagadzira uye akatungamira orchestra muLeipzig, Frankfurt am Main, uyo akabatsira mukuwanikwa kwehoro yekutanga yekonisheni yeruzhinji yeGermany, akatanga imwe yemagazini ekutanga emimhanzi yeGerman. Iri harisati riri ndaza yakakwana yezviitwa izvo akabudirira mariri. Mune uku kusimba uye bhizinesi acumen, Telemann murume weChiedza, nguva yeVoltaire naBeaumarchais.

Kubvira achiri muduku, kubudirira mubasa rake kwaiperekedzwa nokukunda zvipingamupinyi. Basa chairo remumhanzi, sarudzo yebasa rake pakutanga yakamhanyira mukupokana naamai vake. Kuva munhu akadzidza kwazvo (akadzidza paYunivhesiti yeLeipzig), Telemann, zvisinei, haana kugamuchira dzidzo yemimhanzi yakarongeka. Asi izvi zvakapfuura kupedzwa nenyota yezivo uye kugona kuitora nenzira yehunyanzvi, izvo zvakaratidza hupenyu hwake kusvika mukuchembera. Akaratidza kushamwaridzana uye kufarira mune zvese zvakatanhamara uye zvikuru, izvo Germany yaive yakakurumbira panguva iyoyo. Pakati peshamwari dzake pane vanhu vakadai saJS Bach nemwanakomana wake FE Bach (nenzira, Telemann's godson), Handel, tisingatauri zvishoma, asi vaimbi vakuru. Kutarisisa kwaTelemann kune zvitaera zvekunze kwenyika hakuna kuganhurirwa kune yainyanya kukosheswa Italiya neFrench. Achinzwa ngano dzechiPolish mumakore eKapellmeister muSilesia, akayemura "runako rwayo rwehubharu" uye akanyora akati wandei e "Polish" nziyo. Pazera re80-84, akasika mamwe emabasa ake akanakisa, achirova neushingi uye hutsva. Zvichida, pakanga pasina nzvimbo yakakosha yekusika yenguva iyoyo, iyo Telemann ingadai yakapfuura. Uye akaita basa guru mune chimwe nechimwe. Saka, anopfuura 40 operas, 44 oratorios (passive), anopfuura makumi maviri epagore cantatas emweya, nziyo dzinopfuura 20, anenge 700 orchestral suites, fugues akawanda uye akasiyana chamber uye mimhanzi yezviridzwa ndeyepeni yake. Nehurombo, chikamu chakakosha chenhaka iyi charasika.

Handel akashamiswa kuti: “Telemann anonyora mutambo wechechi nokukurumidza sokunyorwa kunoita tsamba.” Uye panguva imwecheteyo, aive mushandi mukuru, aitenda kuti mumhanzi, "sainzi iyi isingaperi haigone kuenda kure pasina kushanda nesimba." Mumhando imwe neimwe, akakwanisa kwete chete kuratidza unyanzvi hwepamusoro, asiwo kutaura pachake, dzimwe nguva izwi idzva. Aikwanisa neunyanzvi kubatanidza zvinopesana. Saka, kuedza mune unyanzvi (mukukura mutinhimira, kuwirirana), mumashoko ake, "kusvika pakadzika", zvisinei, ainyanya kunetseka pamusoro pekunzwisisa uye kuwanikwa kwemimhanzi yake kune muteereriwo zvake. “Uyo anoziva kubatsira vazhinji,” akanyora kudaro, “anoita zviri nani kupfuura anonyorera vashoma.” Muimbi akabatanidza chimiro "chakakomba" ne "chiedza", iyo inosuruvarisa nekomiki, uye kunyangwe isu tisingazowani kukwirira kwaBach mumabasa ake (sezvakataurwa nemumwe wevaimbi, "haana kuimba nekusingaperi"). kune kukwezva kwakawanda mavari. Zvikurukuru, vakatapa chipo chenyambo chisingawanzowaniki chemunyori uye hungwaru hwake husingapere, kunyanya mukuratidza zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana nenziyo, kusanganisira kurira kwematatya, matauriro echirema chemurume akaremara, kana kuti ruzha rwemusika wemari. Mune basa reTelmann zvakapindirana maitiro e baroque uye iyo inonzi gallant style nekujeka kwayo, kunakidza, kubata.

Kunyange zvazvo Telemann akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake mumaguta akasiyana-siyana eGermany (akareba kupfuura mamwe - muHamburg, kwaakashanda semutyairi uye mutungamiriri wemimhanzi), mukurumbira wehupenyu hwake hwakaenda kure nemiganhu yenyika, kusvika kuRussia zvakare. Asi mune ramangwana, mimhanzi yemunyori yakakanganwika kwemakore akawanda. Rumutsiriro rwechokwadi rwakatanga, zvichida, mu60s chete. yezana redu ramakore, sezvinopupurirwa nomubato usinganeti weTelemann Society muguta reuduku hwake, Magdeburg.

O. Zakharova