Otar Vasilyevich Taktakishvili |

Otar Taktakishvili

Simba remakomo, kukurumidza kufamba kwenzizi, maruva emhando yakaisvonaka yeGeorgia uye huchenjeri hwemazana emakore evanhu vayo - zvose izvi zvakaitwa nerudo mubasa rake nemukurumbira weGeorgian munyori O. Taktakishvili. Zvichienderana netsika dzechiGeorgian neRussian musical classics (kunyanya, pabasa remuvambi wechikoro chenyika chemunyori Z. Paliashvili), Taktakishvili akasika mabasa akawanda akaiswa muhomwe yegoridhe yeSoviet multinational culture.

Taktakishvili akakurira mumhuri yemimhanzi. Akadzidza paTbilisi Conservatory mukirasi yaPurofesa S. Barkhudaryan. Pakanga pari mumakore ekuchengetedza apo tarenda remuimbi wechidiki rakasimuka nokukurumidza, ane zita rakanga ratove rakakurumbira muGeorgia yose. Muimbi wechidiki akanyora rwiyo, rwakaonekwa serwakanakisa pamakwikwi eRepublican uye rwakabvumidzwa seNational Anthem yeGeorgian SSR. Mushure mekupedza chikoro (1947-50), zvisungo nevekuchengetedza hazvina kukanganiswa. Kubva 1952, Taktakishvili ari kudzidzisa polyphony uye chiridzwa ikoko, muna 1962-65. - ndiye rector, uye kubvira 1966 - purofesa mukirasi kuumbwa.

Mabasa akagadzirwa mukati memakore ekudzidza uye kusvika pakati pema50s airatidza kubereka zvibereko kwemunyori wechidiki tsika dzechinyakare dzerudo. 2 symphonies, Yekutanga Piano Concerto, iyo symphonic nhetembo "Mtsyri" - aya ndiwo mabasa umo mufananidzo uye dzimwe nzira dzekutaura hunhu hwemimhanzi yevanodanana uye inoenderana nezera rerudo remunyori wavo zvakaratidzwa zvakanyanya. .

Kubva pakati pe50s. Taktakishvili ari kushanda nesimba mumunda wekamuri yemimhanzi yemimhanzi. Kutenderera kwemazwi emakore iwayo kwakava murabhoritari yemuimbi wemuimbi: mavari aitsvaga matauriro ake ezwi, maitiro ake, ayo akazova hwaro hwemitambo yake yeopera uye oratorio. Kudanana kwakawanda pamavhesi akaitwa nevadetembi vokuGeorgia V. Pshavela, I. Abashidze, S. Chikovani, G. Tabidze vakazobatanidzwawo mumabhuku makuru enzwi uye esymphonic aTaktakishvili.

Opera “Mindiya” (1960), yakanyorwa zvichibva munhetembo yaV. Pshavela, yakava musimboti munzira yekusika yemunyori. Kubva panguva iyoyo, mubasa reTaktakishvili, kutendeuka kunorongwa kumhando huru - operas uye oratorios, uye mumunda wemimhanzi yezviridzwa - kumakonti. Yakanga iri mumhando idzi kuti dzakasimba uye dzepakutanga maitiro etarenda rekugadzira remunyori zvakaratidzwa. Opera "Mindiya", iyo inobva munyaya yejaya Mindni, ane chipo chekukwanisa kunzwisisa manzwi ezvisikwa, akanyatsoratidza unhu hwose hwaTaktakishvili munyori wemitambo: kukwanisa kugadzira mifananidzo yakajeka yemimhanzi, kuratidza kukura kwavo mupfungwa. , uye kuvaka zvimiro zvakaoma zvevazhinji. "Mindiya" yakabudirira kurongwa mune dzinoverengeka dzimba dzeOpera munyika yedu uye kunze kwenyika.

Inotevera 2 operas naTaktakishvili - iyo triptych "Vatatu Hupenyu" (1967), yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwemabasa aM. Javakhishvili naG. Tabidze, uye "Kupambwa kweMwedzi" (1976) zvichibva mubhuku raK. Gamsakhurdia - taura nezvehupenyu hwevanhu veGeorgia munguva yepre-revolutionary uye mumazuva ekutanga ekuchinja. Kuma70s. 2 macomic operas akagadzirwawo, achiburitsa chikamu chitsva chetarenda raTaktakishvili - rwiyo uye kuseka-kwehunhu. Aya ndiwo "The Boyfriend" inobva munyaya pfupi yaM. Javakhishvili uye "Eccentrics" ("Rudo Rwokutanga") inobva munyaya yaR. Gabriadze.

Native nature uye folk art, mifananidzo yenhoroondo yeGeorgian nezvinyorwa ndiwo madingindira eTaktakishvili's main vocal and symphonic works - oratorios uye cantatas. Taktakishvili's two best oratorios, "Kutevera Makwara aRustaveli" uye "Nikoloz Baratashvili", vane zvakawanda zvakafanana kune mumwe nemumwe. Mavari, munyori anoratidza kuguma kwevadetembi, basa ravo. Pakati pemoyo we oratorio Mutsoka dze "Rustaveli" (1963) idenderedzwa renhetembo naI. Abashidze. Iyo subtitle yebasa "Solemn Chants" inotsanangura mhando huru yemifananidzo yemimhanzi - uku kuimba, kurumbidza kune ane mukurumbira mudetembi weGeorgia uye nyaya yedambudziko rake rinosiririsa. Iyo oratorio Nikoloz Baratashvili (1970), yakatsaurirwa kumudetembi wekuGeorgia wekudanana naye wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, inosanganisira zvikonzero zvekuodzwa mwoyo, vanofarira mimhanzi monologues, uye kumhanyira kurusununguko. Tsika dzechivanhu dzakadzokororwa uye dzakajeka muTaktakishvili's vocal-symphonic triptych - "Gurian Songs", "Mingrelian Songs", "Georgian hymns". Mune zvinyorwa izvi, zvikamu zvepakutanga zvechiGeorgian mimhanzi yekare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Mumakore achangopfuura, munyori akanyora oratorio "Nembira weTsereteli", iyo choral cycle "Kartala tunes".

Taktakishvili akanyora zvakawanda zvemimhanzi yezviridzwa. Ndiye munyori wemakonsati mana epiyano, maviri eviolin, imwe yecello. Mumhanzi weChamber (Quartet, Piano Quintet, Piano Trio), uye mimhanzi yemabhaisikopo nemitambo yemitambo (Oedipus Rex paS. Rustaveli Theatre muTbilisi, Antigone paI. Franko Theatre muKyiv, “Winter’s Tale” muMoscow Art Theatre) .

Taktakishvili aiwanzoita semutyairi wemabasa ake (akawanda ekutanga ake akaitwa nemunyori), semunyori wezvinyorwa zvine chekuita nezvinetso zvakakomba zvekusika kwemunyori, hukama pakati pechivanhu nehunyanzvi, uye dzidzo yemimhanzi. Kushanda kwenguva refu seGurukota reTsika yeGeorgian SSR, basa rinoshanda muUnion of Composers yeUSSR neGeorgia, mumiriri wejury yeAll-Union nemakwikwi epasirese - izvi zvese zvikamu zvebasa reruzhinji remunyori Otar. Taktakishvili, iyo yaakatsaurira kune vanhu, achitenda kuti "hapana rimwe basa rinokudzwa kune muimbi kupfuura kurarama uye kusika vanhu, muzita revanhu.

V. Cenova