Harmonica: chiridzwa kuumbwa, nhoroondo, mhando, kutamba maitiro, maitiro ekusarudza

Harmonica chiridzwa chetsanga chemhepo chinoyeukwa nevanhu vazhinji kubva paudiki. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekutinhira kwesimbi inonzwika, iyo yakaita kuti ive yakakurumbira mumhando dzinotevera: blues, jazz, nyika, rock uye mimhanzi yenyika. Harmonica yakave nemhedzisiro yakakura pamhando idzi kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, uye vaimbi vazhinji vanoramba vachiridza nhasi.

Kune marudzi akawanda e harmonicas: chromatic, diatonic, octave, tremolo, bass, orchestral, zvichingodaro. Chiridzwa chakakwana, chinotengeswa nemutengo unokwanisika uye zvinogoneka chaizvo kudzidza kuridza uri wega.

Chigadzirwa uye musimboti wekushanda

Kuti ubvise manzwi kubva muchiridzwa, mweya unofuridzirwa kana kudhonzwa mukati nemumaburi ayo. Mutambi we harmonica anoshandura nzvimbo uye chimiro chemiromo, rurimi, inhales uye exhales nekushandura simba uye nguva yakawanda - semugumisiro, inzwi rinoshandukawo. Kazhinji pane nhamba iri pamusoro pemakomba, semuenzaniso, pamienzaniso ye diatonic kubva ku1 kusvika ku10. Nhamba inoratidzira chinyorwa, uye iyo yakaderera ndiyo, yakaderera chinyorwa.

Chiridzwa chacho hachina chigadziro chakaoma: aya mahwendefa maviri ane tsanga. Pamusoro pane ndimi dzinoshanda pakufema (apo muiti anoputika mumhepo), pasi - pakufema (kudhonza mukati). Mahwendefa akabatanidzwa nemuviri, uye inovanza kubva pasi nepamusoro. Kureba kwemaslots pandiro kunosiyana, asi kana iri pamusoro peumwe neumwe, kureba kwakafanana. Mhepo inoyerera inopfuura nemundimi uye nepakati, izvo zvinoita kuti ndimi pachadzo dzibvume. Imhaka yekugadzirwa uku iyo chiridzwa chinonzi rutsanga.

Jeti yemhepo inopinda mukati (kana kunze) mu "muviri" we harmonica inoita kuti tsanga dzidengenyeke. Vazhinji vanotenda zvisiri izvo kuti ruzha rwunogadzirwa kana tsanga ikarova rekodhi, asi aya maviri zvikamu hazviite. Pane kamukana kadiki pakati peslot nerurimi. Munguva yeKutamba, kudengenyeka kunogadzirwa - rurimi "runowira" mukati me slot, nokudaro richivhara kuyerera kwemhepo yemhepo. Nokudaro, ruzha runobva pakuti ndege yemhepo inotenderera sei.

Nhoroondo ye harmonica

Harmonica inoonekwa senhengo yemhepo ine Western motif. Yekutanga komputa modhi yakaonekwa muna 1821. Yakagadzirwa nemugadziri wewachi wekuGerman Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann. Musiki akauya nezita rake "aura". Chisikwa chakaita sendiro yesimbi ine 15 slots yakavhara ndimi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi. Panyaya yekuumbwa, chiridzwa chacho chaive chakafanana neforogo yekugadzira, apo manotsi aive nechromatic marongero, uye ruzha rwaiburitswa chete pakufema.

Muna 1826, tenzi anonzi Richter akagadzira harmonica ine tsanga makumi maviri nemakomba gumi (inhale/exhale). Yakanga yakagadzirwa nemisidhari. Achapawo marongero umo diatonic scale (Richter system) yakashandiswa. Zvadaro, zvigadzirwa zvakajairika muEurope zvakatanga kunzi "Mundharmonika" (mhepo nhengo).

North America yaive nenhoroondo yayo. Yakaunzwa ikoko naMatthias Hohner muna 1862 (asati "achisimudzira" munyika yake), uyo muna 1879 akanga achigadzira 700 zviuru harmonicas pagore. Chiridzwa ichi chakapararira muUnited States mumakore eKuderera Kukuru uye Hondo Yenyika II. Ipapo vekumaodzanyemba vakauya neharmonica pamwe chete navo. Honer akakurumidza kuzivikanwa mumusika wemimhanzi - muna 1900 kambani yake yakanga yabudisa mamiriyoni mashanu e harmonicas, iyo yakakurumidza kupararira muNyika Yekare uye Itsva.

Mhando dzakasiyana dze harmonicas

Vaimbi vane ruzivo vanonyatsogona harmonica vanopa zano kure nechero modhi seyekutanga. Hazvisi zvemhando, ndezvemhando. Mhando dzezvishandiso uye kuti dzakasiyana sei:

• Orchestral. The rarest. Uyewo, kune: bass, chord, ine zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Zvakaoma kudzidza, saka hazvina kukodzera vanotanga.
• Chromatic. Aya maharmonica anoratidzirwa neruzha rwechinyakare, nepo aine manzwi ese echikero, sepiyano. Kusiyana kubva ku diatonic muhupo hwe semitones (kuchinja kwezwi kunoitika nekuda kwedamper inovhara maburi). Iyo ine zvinhu zvakawanda, asi inogona kuridzwa mune chero kiyi yechromatic scale. Zvakaoma kugona, kunyanya kushandiswa mujazi, folk, classical uye orchestral mimhanzi.
• Diatonic. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa subspecies inoridzwa neblues nedombo. Musiyano uripo pakati pediatonic nechromatic harmonica ndewekuti maburi gumi ekutanga uye mune chaiyo tuning, haina semitones. Semuenzaniso, hurongwa "Ita" hunosanganisira manzwi e octave - do, re, mi, fa, munyu, la, si. Zvinoenderana nehurongwa, iwo makuru uye madiki (noti kiyi).
• Octave. Zvinenge zvakangofanana nekuona kwekare, gomba rimwe chete rinowedzerwa kune rimwe nerimwe gomba, uye neiyo huru inotarirwa kune imwe octave. Ndiko kuti, munhu, kana achibvisa chinyorwa, anoinzwa panguva imwe chete muzvikamu zviviri (rejisita yepamusoro uye mabhasi). Inonzwika yakafara uye yakapfuma, ine imwe runako.
• Tremolo. Kune zvakare maburi maviri painoti, chete iwo akaiswa kwete muoctave, asi pamwe chete (kune kushomeka kushoma). Munguva yeKutamba, muimbi anonzwa pulsation, vibration, iyo inozadza ruzha, inoita kuti ive yakagadzirwa.

Kune avo vanoda kudzidza kutamba harmonica, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza diatonic type. Basa ravo rakakwana kuti udzidze ese ekutanga matipi eMutambo.

Play technique

Nenzira dzakawanda, inzwi rinobva pakuti maoko akaiswa zvakanaka sei. Chiridzwa chinobatwa neruoko rweruboshwe, uye kuyerera kwemhepo kunoitwa nekurudyi. Michindwe inogadzira mhango inoshanda sekamuri yekutinhira. Kuvhara kwakasimba uye kuvhurwa kwemabhurashi "kunogadzira" ruzha rwakasiyana. Kuti mhepo ifambe zvakaenzana uye yakasimba, musoro unofanirwa kutungamirirwa zvakananga. Tsandanyama dzechiso, rurimi nepahuro zvakasununguka. Iyo harmonica yakaputirwa zvakasimba pamiromo (mucosal chikamu), uye kwete kungotsamira pamuromo.

Imwe pfungwa inokosha ndeyekufema. Harmonica chiridzwa chemhepo chinokwanisa kuburitsa ruzha pakufema uye pakufemesa. Hazvina kudikanwa kuvhuvhuta mhepo kana kusveta kuburikidza nemakomba - iyo nzira inowira kusvika pakuti muiti anofema kuburikidza ne harmonica. Kureva kuti diaphragm inoshanda, kwete muromo nematama. Izvi zvinonziwo "kufema kwedumbu" kana vhoriyamu yakakura yemapapu yakazadzwa kupfuura zvikamu zvepamusoro, izvo zvinoitika mukutaura. Pakutanga zvinoratidzika sekuti ruzha rwakanyarara, asi neruzivo rwekunzwa inzwi richava rakanaka uye rakapfava.

Muchinyakare diatonic harmonica, ruzha rune chinhu chimwe - maburi matatu mumutsara anonzwika zvakafanana. Naizvozvo, zviri nyore kuridza chord pane noti imwe chete. Izvo zvinoitika kuti zvinodikanwa kutamba chete zvinyorwa zvega, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro iwe uchafanirwa kuvhara maburi ari pedyo nemiromo yako kana rurimi.

Kuziva machuru nemanzwi ekutanga zviri nyore kudzidza nziyo dziri nyore. Asi iyo harmonica inokwanisa zvakawanda, uye pano akakosha matekiniki uye matekiniki achauya kuzonunura:

• Trill inguva apo peya dzemanotsi ari pedyo anochinjana.
• Glissando - 3 kana kupfuura manotsi zvakanaka, sekunge ari kutsvedza, shandura kuita ruzha rwakafanana. Nzira yekushandisa manotsi kusvika kumagumo inonzi kudonhedza.
• Tremolo - muimbi anosvina uye anobvisa zvanza zvake, anogadzira kudedera nemiromo yake, nekuda kwekuti kubvunda kunowanikwa.
• Band - muiti anogadzirisa simba uye kutungamira kwekuyerera kwemhepo, nokudaro kuchinja inzwi renoti.

Iwe unogona kunge usingazivi mimhanzi notation, kuti udzidze kutamba, chinhu chikuru ndechekudzidzira. Kuti udzidze wega, zvinokurudzirwa kuwana rekodha yezwi uye metronome. Girazi richabatsira kudzora kufamba.

Nzira yekusarudza harmonica

Mazano akakosha:

• Kana pakanga pasina ruzivo rwekutamba izvi zvisati zvaitika, sarudza diatonic harmonica.
• Vaka. Vadzidzisi vakawanda vanotenda kuti kiyi ye "C" (Ita) inonyanya kukodzera sechiridzwa chekutanga. Uyu ndiwo mutsindo wekare, waunogona kuwana zvidzidzo zvakawanda paInternet. Gare gare, uchinge waziva "base", unogona kuedza kutamba pamamodeli ane imwe nzira. Iko hakuna mamodheru epasirese, saka vaimbi vane marudzi akati wandei mune yavo arsenal kamwechete.
• Brand. Pane pfungwa yokuti unogona kutanga neharmonica chero rudzi rwe "workhorse", uye chete ipapo kutenga chimwe chinhu chiri nani. Mukuita, hazviuye pakutenga chigadzirwa chakanaka, nekuti munhu anoodzwa mwoyo mushure mekutamba yakaderera-mhando harmonica. Rondedzero yezvakanaka harmonicas (makambani): Easttop, Hohner, Seydel, Suzuki, Lee Oskar.
• Material. Huni inowanzoshandiswa mu harmonicas, asi ichi ndicho chikonzero chekufunga nezvekutenga. Hongu, iyo kesi yehuni inofadza kubata, inzwi rinodziya, asi pakarepo kana zvinhu zvanyorova, zvinofadza zvinonzwa pakarepo zvinopera. Zvakare, kusimba kunoenderana nezvinhu zvetsanga. Mhangura (Hohner, Suzuki) kana simbi (Seydel) inokurudzirwa.
• Paunenge uchitenga, iva nechokwadi chekuedza harmonica, kureva, teerera kune imwe neimwe gomba paunenge uchifema uye uchifema. Kazhinji pane mabhero akakosha eichi chinangwa panzvimbo dzemimhanzi, kana zvisiri, zvifudze iwe pachako. Hapafanirwe kuve nekuputika kwekunze, kuhwihwidza uye kurira, chete ruzha rwakajeka uye rwakareruka.

Usatora chiridzwa chakachipa chakagadzirirwa vana - hachizochengete sisitimu uye hazvizogoneke kugona akasiyana ekutamba maitiro pairi.

Setup uye kutarisira

Tsanga dzakabatanidzwa nesimbi ndiro inokonzera kuumbwa kwezwi mu "manual organ". Ndivo vanozununguka kubva pakufema, shandura nzvimbo yavo maererano neplate, somugumisiro, hurongwa hunochinja. Vaimbi vane ruzivo kana mhizha vanofanira kuridza harmonica, kana zvisina kudaro pane mukana wekuita kuti zviwedzere.

Iyo yekugadzirisa pachayo haina kuoma, asi ichatora ruzivo, kururamisa, kushivirira uye nzeve yemimhanzi. Kuti udzikise chinyorwa, unofanirwa kuwedzera mukaha pakati pechitsiko chetsanga uye ndiro. Kuwedzera - pane zvinopesana, kuderedza gap. Kana iwe ukadzikisa rurimi pasi pezinga replate, hazvizoiti ruzha. Tuner inowanzo shandiswa kudzora tuning.

Kunyatsotarisirwa kweharmonica hakudiwi. Pane mutemo wakadaro: "Kutamba? - Usabate!". Heano mamwe matipi ekutarisira chiridzwa, uchishandisa muenzaniso we diatonic harmonica:

• Kuchenesa pasina disassembly. Kana mutumbi wakagadzirwa nepurasitiki, inobvumirwa kushambidza chigadzirwa pasi pemvura inodziya, uye wobva wagogodza kunze kwemvura yose kubva mairi. Kuti ubvise mvura yakawandisa - ridza zvakasimba zvinyorwa zvose.
• Ne disassembly. Kana kuchenesa kwakakwana kunodiwa, iwe uchafanira kubvisa zvivharo uye rurimi ndiro. Kuita kuti zvive nyore kuunganidza gare gare - kuisa zvikamu zvakarongeka.
• Hull kuchenesa. Plastiki haityi mvura, sipo nemabhurashi. Chigadzirwa chehuni hachigoni kushambidzwa - kungopusika nebhurashi. Iwe unogona kushambidza simbi, asi woipukuta zvakakwana uye woomesa kuitira kuti irege kuita ngura.