Tuba: tsananguro chiridzwa, ruzha, nhoroondo, kuumbwa, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Iyo tuba chiridzwa chakatama kubva kuchikwata chemauto kuenda kune chendarira bhandi kuti chigare ipapo zvachose. Uyu ndiye mudiki uye akaderera-anonzwika nhengo yemhuri yehuni. Pasina bass yake, mamwe emabasa emimhanzi aizorasikirwa nerunako rwawo rwekutanga uye chirevo.

Chii chinonzi tuba

Tuba (tuba) muchiLatin zvinoreva pombi. Chokwadi, muchimiro chakafanana chaizvo nenyere, yakangokombama chete, sekunge yakapetwa kakawanda.

Ndecheboka rezviridzwa zvendarira. Maererano nerejista, ndiyo yakaderera pakati pe "hama", inobata basa reiyo huru orchestral bass. Haisi kuridzwa yega, asi modhi yacho yakakosha musymphonic, jazz, mhepo, pop ensembles.

Chishandiso chakakura kwazvo - kune zvienzaniso zvinosvika 2 metres, zvinorema kupfuura 50 kg. Muimbi anogara achitaridzika asina kusimba kana achienzaniswa netuba.

Ko tuba inonzwika sei?

Tonal range ye tuba inenge 3 octaves. Haina chiyero chaicho, senge boka rose rendarira. Virtuosos vanokwanisa "kusvina" palette yakazara yemanzwi aripo.

Mitsindo inobudiswa nechiridzwa chakadzika, yakapfuma, yakaderera. Zvinokwanisika kutora zvinyorwa zvepamusoro, asi vaimbi vane ruzivo chete ndivo vanogona kugona izvi.

Nehunyanzvi ndima dzakaoma dzinoitwa murejista yepakati. Iyo timbre ichave yakafanana netrombone, asi yakanyanya kuzara, inopenya. Marejista epamusoro anonzwika akapfava, ruzha rwawo rwunonyanya kufadza nzeve.

Inzwi re tuba, iyo frequency range inoenderana nekusiyana. Zviridzwa zvina zvinosiyaniswa:

• B-flat (BBb);
• ku (SS);
• E-flat (Eb);
• fa (F).

Mune symphony orchestras, iyo B-flat, E-flat musiyano inoshandiswa. Kutamba uri wega kunogoneka paFa tuning modhi inokwanisa kurova zvinyorwa zvepamusoro. Ita (SS) kuda kushandisa vaimbi vejazz.

Mutes anobatsira kushandura inzwi, kuita kuti kurira, kupinza. Dhizaini inoiswa mukati mebhero, ichivharira zvishoma kubuda kwezwi.

Tool mudziyo

Chinhu chikuru ipombi yemhangura yezviyero zvinoshamisa. Kureba kwayo kwakavhurwa kunosvika 6 metres. Iyo yakagadzirwa inopera nebhero rine chimiro checonical. Iyo huru chubhu inorongwa nenzira yakakosha: kushandura conical, cylindrical zvikamu zvinobatsira kune yakaderera, "hasha" inzwi.

Muviri wakashongedzerwa nemavharuvhu mana. Zvitatu zvinobatsira kudzikisa ruzha: kuvhurwa kwechimwe nechimwe kunodzikisa chiyero ne 1 toni. Iyo yekupedzisira inodzikisa zvachose chiyero nechina chose, ichikubvumidza iwe kuburitsa manzwi eiyo yakaderera inogoneka renji. Ivhavha yechina haiwanzoshandiswa.

Mamwe mamodheru akashongedzerwa nevharuvhu yechishanu inodzikisa chiyero ne3/4 (inowanikwa mumakopi mamwe).

Chiridzwa chinopera nemuromo - muromo unopinzwa muchubhu. Iko hakuna miromo yepasi rose: vaimbi vanosarudza saizi yega. Nyanzvi dzinotenga miromo yakati wandei yakagadzirirwa kuita mabasa akasiyana. Iyi tsanangudzo ye tuba yakakosha zvakanyanya - inokanganisa sisitimu, timbre, ruzha rwechiridzwa.

History

Nhoroondo yetuba inodzokera kumashure ekutanga Middle Ages: Zviridzwa zvakafanana zvaivepo panguva yeRenaissance. Magadzirirwo acho ainzi nyoka, yakagadzirwa nematanda, dehwe, uye yaiita ruzha rwebass shoma.

Pakutanga, kuedza kuvandudza zviridzwa zvekare, kugadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva chaiva chevatenzi veGermany Wipricht, Moritz. Kuedza kwavo netuba precursors (nyoka, ophicleids) kwakapa mhedzisiro yakanaka. Iyo yakagadzirwa yaive patented muna 1835: modhi yaive nemavharuvhu mashanu, system F.

Pakutanga, hutsva hauna kugamuchira kuparadzirwa kwakawanda. Vatenzi havana kuunza nyaya kumagumo ayo ane musoro, muenzaniso waida kuvandudzwa kuitira kuti uve chikamu chakazara che symphony orchestra. Akakurumbira weBelgian Adolf Sachs, baba vezvivakwa zvakawanda zvemimhanzi, akaenderera mberi nebasa rake. Kuburikidza nekuedza kwake, zvitsva zvakanzwika zvakasiyana, zvakawedzera kushanda kwayo, zvakakwezva kutarisa kwevanyori nevaimbi.

Kekutanga, tuba yakaonekwa muochestra muna 1843, yakazotora nzvimbo yakakosha ikoko. Iyo modhi nyowani yakapedzisa kuumbwa kweiyo symphony orchestra: mushure mekuiswa kwayo mukuumbwa, hapana chakachinja kwe2 mazana emakore.

Tuba playing technique

Iyo Play haisi nyore kune vaimbi, kudzidziswa kwenguva refu kunodiwa. Chishandiso chacho chakanyanya kufambisa, chinokweretesa kune akasiyana matekiniki, matekiniki, asi anosanganisira basa rakakomba. Kuyerera kwemhepo kukuru kunoda kufema kazhinji, dzimwe nguva muimbi anofanira kuzviita kune imwe neimwe inotevera inobuda ruzha. Ichokwadi kugona izvi, kugara uchidzidzira, kuvandudza mapapu, kuvandudza nzira yekufema.

Iwe unofanirwa kujairana nehukuru hukuru, huremu hunorema hwechinhu. Anoiswa pamberi pake, achitungamira bhero kumusoro, nguva nenguva mutambi anogara pedyo naye. Vaimbi vakamira vanowanzoda tambo yekutsigira kuti ibatsire kubata chimiro chakakura.

Nzira huru dzakajairika dzePlay:

• staccato;
• trills.

kushandisa

Sphere yekushandiswa - orchestras, ensembles emarudzi akasiyana-siyana:

• symphonic;
• jazz;
• mhepo.

Symphony orchestras inogutsikana nekuvapo kweimwe tuba player, mhepo orchestra inokwezva vaimbi vaviri kana vatatu.

Chiridzwa chinotamba basa rebhasi. Kazhinji, zvikamu zvinonyorerwa iye diki, kunzwa solo ruzha kubudirira kushoma.

Mashoko Anofadza

Chero chishandiso chinogona kuzvirumbidza chiverengero chezvinhu zvinonakidza zvine chekuita nazvo. Tuba haina mutsauko:

1. Iyo yakanyanya kureba museum yakatsaurirwa kuchiridzwa ichi iri muUnited States, guta reDurham. Mukati munounganidzwa makopi enguva dzakasiyana ane huwandu hwe300 zvidimbu.
2. Muimbi Richard Wagner aiva netuba yake, yaakashandisa mumabhuku ake akanyorwa.
3. Purofesa weAmerica wemimhanzi R. Winston ndiye muridzi wekuunganidza kukuru kwezvinhu zvine chokuita ne tuba (kupfuura 2 zviuru zvinhu).
4. Chishanu chekutanga chaMay izororo repamutemo, Tuba Day.
5. Izvo zvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvehunyanzvi ndeye alloy yemhangura uye zinc.
6. Pakati pezviridzwa zvemhepo, tuba ndiyo inodhura "inofadza". Mutengo wemakopi ega unofananidzwa nemutengo wemotokari.
7. Kudiwa kwechishandiso kwakaderera, saka maitiro ekugadzira anoitwa nemaoko.
8. Saizi huru yekushandisa ndeye 2,44 metres. Kukura kwebhero 114 cm, uremu 57 makirogiramu. Hofori iyi yakashongedza Guinness Book of Records muna 1976. Nhasi, iyi kopi inoratidzwa muCzech Museum.
9. IUnited States yakaisa rekodhi yenhamba yevatambi ve tuba mune imwe orchestra: muna 2007, mimhanzi yakaitwa neboka revaimbi mazana mashanu nevaviri vairidza chiridzwa ichi.
10. Kune angangoita gumi nemaviri marudzi: bass tuba, contrabass tuba, Kaiser tuba, helikon, kaviri tuba, kufora tuba, subcontrabass tuba, tomister tuba, sousaphone.
11. Iyo itsva modhi ndeyedhijitari, inoita segiramufoni. Inoshandiswa mumadhijitari orchestra.