Umberto Giordano |

Umberto Giordano

Giordano, kufanana nevakawanda venguva yake, anoramba ari munhoroondo munyori weimwe opera, kunyange zvazvo akanyora zvinopfuura gumi. Hunyanzvi hwaPuccini hwakafukidza tarenda rake rine mwero. Nhaka yaGiordano inosanganisira marudzi akasiyana. Pakati pemaopera ake pane verist operas, izere nezvishuwo zvechisikigo, seMascagni's Rural Honor uye Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. Kune zvakare enziyo-anoshamisa, akafanana neaPuccini's operas - ane akadzama uye akajeka manzwiro, kazhinji akavakirwa panhoroondo dzakarongwa nevanyori veFrance. Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, Giordano akatendeukirawo kumhando dzemakomiki.

Umberto Giordano akaberekwa musi we 28 (maererano nedzimwe nzvimbo 27) August 1867 muguta duku reFoggia muruwa rweApulia. Akanga achigadzirira kuva chiremba, asi pazera ramakore gumi namana baba vake vakamutumira kuNaples Conservatory yeSan Pietro Maiella, kwaidzidzisa mudzidzisi akanakisisa wenguva iyoyo, Paolo Serrao. Mukuwedzera pakuumbwa, Giordano akadzidza piyano, nhengo uye violin. Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake, akagadzira symphony, overture uye one-act opera Marina, yaakaendesa kumakwikwi akaziviswa muna 1888 nemuparidzi weRoma Edoardo Sonzogno. Mascagni's Rural Honor akahwina mubairo wekutanga, kugadzirwa kwacho kwakavhura nguva nyowani - yechokwadi - muItari yemitambo yemitambo. "Marina" haana kupihwa chero mubairo, haana kumbobvira aitwa, asi Giordano, mudiki wevatori vechikamu mumakwikwi, akakwezva kutarisa kwejury, uyo akavimbisa Sonzogno kuti munyori wemakore makumi maviri nerimwe aizoenda kure. Muparidzi akatanga kuteerera wongororo dzakanaka dzaGiordano apo Ricordi inotsikisa imba yaikwikwidza naSonzogno yakaburitsa piyano yake Idyll, uye tambo quartet yakanzwika kugamuchirwa zvakanaka nevepepanhau kuNaples Conservatory. Sonzogno akakoka Giordano, uyo akanga apedza kudzidza gore rino kubva kunzvimbo yekuchengetedza, kuRoma, uyo akamuridzira Marina, uye muparidzi akasaina chibvumirano che opera itsva. Iye pachake akasarudza libretto kubva pamutambo we "The Vow" nemunyori ane mukurumbira wemazuva ano Neapolitan di Giacomo, anoratidza zviitiko zvehupenyu hweNeapolitan pasi. Muenzaniso weiyo opera, inonzi The Lost Life, yaive The Rural Honor, uye kugadzirwa kwacho kwakaitika muRoma muna 1892, pazuva rimwechete nePagliacci. Ipapo Upenyu Hwakarasika hwakaona chiedza chechiedza kunze kweItaly, muVienna, uko kwakanga kuri kubudirira kukuru, uye makore mashanu gare gare chinyorwa chayo chechipiri chakaoneka pasi pezita rokuti The Vow.

Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory nemubairo wekutanga, Giordano akava mudzidzisi wayo uye muna 1893 akaita opera yechitatu, Regina Diaz, muNaples. Zvakazove zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune yakapfuura, kunyangwe vanyori vanyori veRural Honor vakaita sevakasununguka. Vakagadzirisa zvekare libretto yekare kuita nhoroondo, zvichibva pane iyo Donizetti akanyora iyo yerudo opera Maria di Rogan hafu yezana yapfuura. "Regina Diaz" haana kugamuchira mvumo yaSonzogno: akazivisa munyori ari pakati uye akamunyima rutsigiro rwezvinhu. Muimbi wacho akatosarudza kuchinja basa rake - kuti ave mutungamiriri wemauto ehondo kana mudzidzisi wefence (akanga akanaka nebakatwa).

Zvinhu zvose zvakachinja apo shamwari yaGiordano, munyori A. Franchetti, akamupa libretto "Andre Chenier", iyo yakafuridzira Giordano kugadzira opera yake yakanakisisa, yakaitwa paLa Scala muMilan muna 1896. Makore maviri nehafu gare gare, Fedora akatanga kuNaples. . Kubudirira kwaro kwakabvumira Giordano kuvaka imba pedyo neBaveno, inonzi "Villa Fyodor", uko kwakanyorwa mitambo yake inotevera. Pakati pavo pane mumwe pamusoro Russian rangano - "Siberia" (1903). Mariri, munyori zvakare akatendeukira kune verismo, achikwevera mutambo werudo uye godo nedenouement yeropa muSiberian chirango. Mutsetse mumwechete wakaenderera mberi neMwedzi weMariano (1910), zvakare zvichibva pamutambo waDi Giacomo. Imwezve shanduko yakaitika pakati pemakore ekuma1910: Giordano akatendeukira kumhando yemakomiki uye mukati memakore gumi (1915-1924) akanyora Madame Saint-Gene, Jupiter muPompeii (mukubatana naA. Franchetti) uye The Dinner of Jokes. “. Opera yake yekupedzisira yaive The King (1929). Mugore iroro, Giordano akava nhengo Academy of Italy. Kwemakumi maviri emakore akatevera, hapana chimwe chaakanyora.

Giordano akafa musi waNovember 12, 1948 muMilan.

A. Koenigsberg

Zvinyorwa:

opareta (12), kusanganisira Regina Diaz (1894, Mercadante Theatre, Naples), André Chenier (1896, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Fedora (zvichibva pamutambo weV. Sardou, 1898, Lyrico Theatre, Milan), Siberia (Siberia , 1903, La Scala Theatre, ibid.), Marcella (1907, Lyrico Theatre, ibid.), Madame Saint-Gene (kubva pamutambo wenyaya Sardou, 1915, Metropolitan Opera, New York), Jupiter muPompeii (pamwe chete naA. . Franchetti, 1921, Rome), Dinner of Jokes (La cena della beffe, yakavakirwa pamutambo wakaitwa naS. Benelli, 1924, La Scala Theatre, Milan), The King (Il Re, 1929, ibid); ballet - "Magic Star" (L'Astro magiсo, 1928, isina kurongwa); yeorchestra – Piedigrotta, Hymn to the Decade (Inno al Decennale, 1933), Joy (Delizia, isina kudhindwa); piyano zvidimbu; romances; mimhanzi yemitambo yemitambo yemitambo, nezvimwe.