Quarto-chishanu denderedzwa rekiyi

Chikamu chechishanu denderedzwa rekiyi kana kungoita denderedzwa rezvishanu chirongwa che nyore uye nekukurumidza kurangarira makiyi ese uye masaini makiyi mavari.

Pamusoro pedenderedzwa rezvishanu pane kiyi yeC huru; clockwise - makiyi anopinza, tonics ayo ari muzvikamu zvishanu zvakakwana kubva kune tonic yepakutanga C huru; counterclockwise - denderedzwa remakiyi akapfava, zvakare ari muzvikamu zvishanu zvakachena, asi pasi chete.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kana uchifamba uchitenderedza denderedzwa rezvishanu kuchinjika nekiyi nyowani nyowani, huwandu hweanopinza hunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma (kubva kune imwe kusvika kune hunomwe), uchifamba uchitarisana newachi, zvichiteerana, kubva kune imwe kiyi kuenda kune imwe, nhamba yemafurati inowedzera (zvakare. kubva kune imwe kusvika kune manomwe).

Makiyi mangani aripo mumhanzi?

Mumimhanzi, kunyanya makiyi makumi matatu anoshandiswa, iyo imwe hafu yakakura uye imwe hafu idiki. Makiyi makuru uye madiki anoumba mapeya maererano nemusimboti wekusangana mavari zviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuchinja - sharps uye flats. Makiyi ane zviratidzo zvakafanana anonzi parallel. Pakazara, saka, pane 30 peya dzemakiyi akafanana.

Pamakiyi makumi matatu, maviri haana zviratidzo - aya C makuru uye A madiki. 30 makiyi ane zvinopinza (kubva kune imwe kusvika kune manomwe mukurongeka kweanopinza FA DO SOL RELA MI SI), paaya makiyi gumi nemana, manomwe achave makuru, uye manomwe, zvichiteerana, madiki. Mamwe makiyi gumi nemana ane mafurati (saizvozvowo, kubva kune imwe kusvika kune manomwe, asi chete mukurongeka kwemafurati C MI LA RE SOL DO FA), ayo kunewo manomwe makuru uye manomwe madiki.

Tafura yemakiyi ese anoshandiswa nevaimbi mukuita, pamwe nezviratidzo zvavo, inogona kutorwa HERE, yakadhindwa uye inoshandiswa sepepa rekubiridzira.

Tsanangudzo: Denderedzwa rezvikamu zvishanu rinoumbwa sei?

Yechishanu muchirongwa ichi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nguva. Sei cheshanu chakachena? Nekuti yechishanu ndeye panyama (acoustic) ndiyo yakasarudzika nzira yekufamba kubva kune imwe inzwi kuenda kune imwe, uye iyi nguva iri nyore yakazvarwa nemasikirwo pachawo.

Saka, makiyi anopinza akarongwa muzvikamu zvishanu zvakachena kumusoro. Yekutanga yechishanu inovakwa kubva pachinyorwa "kusvika", ndiko kuti, kubva kune tonic yeC huru, kiyi yakachena isina zviratidzo. Rechishanu kubva pana “do” ndiro “do-sol”. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chinyorwa "G" chinova tonic yekiyi inotevera mudenderedzwa rezvishanu, ichava kiyi yeG huru uye ichava nechiratidzo chimwe - F-yakapinza.

Isu tinovaka chikamu chechishanu chinotevera kubva painzwi "sol" - "sol-re", iyo inobuda ruzha "re" ndiyo tonic yeinotevera tonality yedenderedzwa rechishanu - tonic yeD huru chiyero, umo mune maviri. zviratidzo - zviviri zvinopinza (fa uye do). Nechishanu chega chega chakavakwa, tichagamuchira makiyi matsva anopinza, uye nhamba yekupinza ichawedzera kuwedzera kusvika yasvika manomwe (kusvikira matanho ose asimudzwa).

Saka, kana tikavaka zvishanu, kutanga kubva "kusvika", tinobva tawana makiyi anotevera: G chikuru (1 chinopinza), D chikuru (2 chinopinza), A chikuru (3 chinopinza), E chikuru (4 chinopinza), B chikuru (5 chinopinza), F chinopinza chikuru (6 chinopinza), C chinopinza chikuru (7 chinopinza) . Anoverengeka akarekodhwa tonics akave akakura zvakanyanya muhukuru zvekuti munhu anofanirwa kutanga kurekodha mubass clef uye nekuipedzisa mu treble clef.

Kurongeka uko kunopinza kwakawedzerwa ndeiyi: FA, DO, SOL, RE, LA, MI, SI. Izvo zvinopinza zvinoparadzaniswawo kubva kune imwe neimwe nepakati pechishanu chakakwana. Izvi zvinoenderana neizvi. Imwe neimwe itsva inopinza inooneka pachiyero chechinomwe chechiyero, takataura pamusoro peizvi munyaya "Sei kuyeuka zviratidzo mumakiyi". Zvichienderana, kana tonic dzekiyi nyowani dzichigara dzichienda kure nechashanu chakakwana, ipapo nhanho dzavo dzechinomwe dziri kufambawo kubva kune imwe neimwe nechishanu chakakwana.

Flat makiyi makuru akarongwa muzvikamu zvishanu zvakadzika pasi kubva kuenda". Saizvozvowo, nekiyi imwe neimwe itsva kune kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemafurati muchiyero. The range of flat keys ndeaya anotevera: F hombe (rimwe furati), B hombe hombe (2 furati), E hombe hombe (3 furati), A hombe hombe (4 furati), D hombe hombe (5 furati), G hombe (6) uye C-flat makuru (7 flats).

Kurongeka kwekuonekwa kwemafurati: SI, MI, LA, RE, SALT, DO, FA. Mafurati, seanopinza, anowedzerwa muzvishanu, pasi chete. Uyezve, kurongeka kwemafurati kwakafanana nekurongeka kwemakiyi ebazi rakatsetseka redenderedzwa rechina, kutanga kubva kuB-flat huru.

Zvakanaka, ikozvino, pakupedzisira, ticharatidza denderedzwa rose rekiyi, umo, nekuda kwekukwana, isu tichawedzerawo madiki akafanana kune ese makuru.

Nenzira, denderedzwa rezvishanu haigoni kunyatsonzi denderedzwa, inongova rudzi rwemhepo, sezvo pane imwe nhanho. mamwe matononi anopindirana nekuda kwekusangana kwenzwi. Mukuwedzera, denderedzwa rezvishanu harina kuvharwa, rinogona kuenderera mberi nemitsva, yakaoma makiyi ane kaviri tsaona - kaviri inopinza uye kaviri flats (makiyi akadaro haawanzo shandiswa mumimhanzi). Tichataura nezve kufananidza tonalities zvakasiyana, asi gare gare.

Zita rekuti "quarto-quint circle" rakabva kupi?

Kusvika pari zvino, tafunga kufamba mudenderedzwa chete muzvikamu zvishanu uye hatina kumbotaura nezvechina. Saka nei vari pano? Sei zita rakazara rechirongwa richinzwika senge "quarto-quint denderedzwa"?

Chokwadi ndechekuti chechina ndiko kudzokororwa kwechikamu chechishanu. Uye huwandu hwakafanana hwematonal edenderedzwa hunogona kuwanikwa kana iwe ukasafamba muchikamu chechishanu, asi muchina.

Semuenzaniso, makiyi anopinza anogona kurongeka kwete nemashanu akakwana kumusoro, asi nemachina akachena pasi. Iwe unowana mutsara wakafanana:

Makiyi eflat anogona kurongwa kwete neakachena zvishanu pasi, asi nemachina akachena kumusoro. Uye zvakare mhedzisiro ichave yakafanana:

Enharmonic yakaenzana makiyi

Enharmonism mumhanzi ndiko kusangana kwezvinhu muzwi, asi musiyano wavo muzita, zviperengo kana zita. Enharmonic yakaenzana inogona kunge iri nyore manotsi: semuenzaniso, C-yakapinza uye D-flat. Anharmonicity zvakare hunhu hwenguva kana chords. Muchiitiko ichi, tichave tichitarisana nazvo enharmonic yakaenzana makiyi, zvichiteerana, zvikero zvemakiyi aya zvichapindiranawo mukunzwika.

Sezvatatoona, zvakadaro tonality inofambirana neruzha inoonekwa pamharadzano yemapazi akapinza uye akati sandarara edenderedzwa rezvishanu. Aya makiyi ane nhamba huru yemavara - ane mashanu, matanhatu kana manomwe anopinza kana maflatsi.

Makiyi anotevera ane enharmonic akaenzana:

• B huru (5 inopinza) uye C yakatsetseka huru (7 flats)
• Parallel kune yakanzi G-yakapinza mudiki (5 sharps) uye A-flat minor (7 flats);
• F-yakapinza mikuru (6 inopinza) uye G-flat huru (6 flats);
• Yakafanana navo, D-inopinza mudiki uye E-flat diki ine nhamba yakafanana yezviratidzo;
• C-yakapinza huru (7 sharps) uye D-flat huru (5 flats);
• Parallel kune zvimiro izvi A-yakapinza minor (zvakare 7 sharps) uye B-flat madiki (5 flats).

Nzira yekushandisa sei denderedzwa rechishanu rekiyi?

Kutanga, a denderedzwa rezvishanu rinogona kushandiswa seyakanaka cheat sheet yekudzidza ese makiyi uye zviratidzo zvavo.

Chechipiri, iyo nedenderedzwa rezvishanu, munhu anogona kuona zviri nyore kusiyana kwezviratidzo pakati pemakiyi maviri. Kuti uite izvi, ingoverenga zvikamu kubva pakiyi yekutanga kune iyo yatiri kuenzanisa nayo.

Semuenzaniso, pakati peG guru neE guru, mutsauko ndiwo zvikamu zvitatu, uye, naizvozvo, nzvimbo nhatu dzegumi. Pakati peC chikuru neA-flat chikuru pane musiyano wemafurati mana.

Musiyano wezviratidzo unonyatso kuratidzwa nedenderedzwa rezvishanu, rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu. Kuti mufananidzo wedenderedzwa uve compact, makiyi mairi anogona kunyorwa uchishandisa tsamba yekududza:

Pakupedzisira, the chetatu, mudenderedzwa rezvishanu, unogona pakarepo kumisa "hama dzepedyo" dzeimwe kana imwe kiyi, kureva sarudza tonalities yedhigirii yekutanga yehukama. ivo vari muchikamu chimwechete sekiyi yekutanga (parallel) uye padyo nedivi rega rega.

Semuenzaniso, kune G mukuru, E mudiki (muchikamu chimwe chete), pamwe neC mukuru uye A mudiki (chikamu chevavakidzani kuruboshwe), D mukuru uye B mudiki (chikamu chevavakidzani kurudyi) achaonekwa semakiyi ane hukama. .

Tichadzokera kuongororo yakadzama yemakiyi ane hukama mune ramangwana, uye tozodzidza nzira dzese uye zvakavanzika zvekutsvaga kwavo.

Zvishoma nezvenhoroondo yedenderedzwa rezvishanu

Hapana anonyatsoziva kuti denderedzwa rezvikamu zvishanu rakagadzirwa rini uye nani. Asi tsananguro dzekutanga dzehurongwa hwakafanana dzirimo mune manyoro ari kure 1679 - mubasa "Music Grammar" naNikolai Diletsky. Bhuku rake rakaitirwa kudzidzisa vaimbi vechechi. Anodana denderedzwa rezviyero zvikuru "vhiri remimhanzi inofadza", uye denderedzwa rezviyero zviduku - gumbo re "mimhanzi inosuruvarisa". Musikia - izwi iri rinoturikirwa se "mimhanzi" kubva kuSlavic.

Iye zvino, chokwadi, basa iri rinonyanya kufarira sechiyeuchidzo chezvakaitika kare uye chetsika, iyo theoretical treatise pachayo haisati yasangana nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano. Zvisinei, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kubvira ipapo, denderedzwa rechishanu rakadzika midzi mukudzidzira kudzidzisa uye rakapinda anenge ose anonyatsozivikanwa mabhuku echiRussia pamusoro pemimhanzi dzidziso.

Shamwari dzinodikanwa! Kana mibvunzo pamusoro pemusoro wedenderedzwa rezvishanu isati yazvinetesa ivo pachavo, saka iva nechokwadi chekuvanyora mumashoko echinyorwa ichi. Mukuparadzana, tinokukoka kuti uteerere imwe mimhanzi yakanaka. Ngazvive nhasi rudo rwakakurumbira naMikhail Ivanovich Glinka "The Lark" (ndima nanyanduri Nikolai Kukolnik). Muimbi - Victoria Ivanova.