Tempos mumimhanzi: inononoka, ine mwero uye nekukurumidza

Tsanangudzo yechinyakare ndeyekuti tempo mumimhanzi ndiko kumhanya kwekufamba. Asi izvi zvinorevei? Chokwadi ndechekuti mimhanzi ine chikamu chayo chekuyera nguva. Aya haasi masekonzi, semufizikisi, uye kwete maawa nemaminetsi, izvo zvatakajaira muhupenyu.

Nguva yemimhanzi kazhinji kacho yakafanana nekurova kwemoyo wemunhu, kuyerwa kurova kwemhanzi. Mabhiti aya anoyera nguva. Uye kuti vanomhanya sei kana kuti vanononoka zvakadii zvinoenderana nekumhanya, ndiko kuti, kumhanya kwese kwekufamba.

Patinoteerera mumhanzi, hatinzwi uku kurira, kunze kwekunge, chokwadika, kunoratidzwa zvakananga nezviridzwa zvinoridzwa. Asi muimbi wega wega muchivande, mukati make, anonzwa mapuruzi aya, anobatsira kutamba kana kuimba zvine rhythmically, pasina kutsauka kubva kune huru tempo.

Heino muenzaniso kwauri. Wese munhu anoziva rwiyo rweGore Idzva "Muti weKisimusi wakazvarwa musango." Mune rwiyo urwu, kufamba kwerwiyo rwemumhanzi kunonyanya kuitika munguva yechisere (dzimwe nguva kune dzimwe). Panguva imwecheteyo, puruzi inorova, ingori kuti haugone kuinzwa, asi isu tichaitaurira zvakanyanya nerubatsiro rwechiridzwa chinoridza. Teerera kumuenzaniso uyu uye iwe unotanga kunzwa kupuruzira murwiyo urwu:

Ndeapi tempos mumimhanzi?

Yese tempos iripo mumimhanzi inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka makuru matatu: anononoka, ane mwero (kureva, pakati) uye nekukurumidza. Mumumhanzi notation, tempo inowanzo rehwa nemashoko akakosha, mazhinji acho ari mazwi echiItaly.

Saka tempos inononoka inosanganisira Largo naLento, pamwe neAdagio uye Grave.

Pakati nepakati tempo dzinosanganisira Andante uye kubva pairi Andantino, pamwe neModerato, Sostenuto uye Allegretto.

Chekupedzisira, ngatinyorei mafambiro ekukurumidza, aya ndeaya: anofara Allegro, “rarama” Vivo neVivace, pamwe chete nePresto inokurumidza uye Prestissimo inokurumidza.

Nzira yekugadzirisa sei tempo chaiyo?

Zvinoita here kuyera tempo yemimhanzi mumasekonzi? Zvinoratidza kuti unogona. Nokuda kweizvi, chigadzirwa chakakosha chinoshandiswa - metronome. Muvambi we metronome yemuchina ndiGerman physicist uye muimbi Johann Mölzel. Nhasi, vaimbi muzvidzidzo zvavo zvezuva nezuva vanoshandisa ese metronomes metronomes uye emagetsi analogues - muchimiro chechinhu chakasiyana kana application pafoni.

Chii chinonzi metronome? Ichi chishandiso, mushure mezvigadziro zvakakosha (kufambisa uremu pachikero), inorova mabhiti ekupuruzira pane imwe kumhanya (semuenzaniso, 80 kurova paminiti kana 120 kurova paminiti, nezvimwewo).

Kudzvanya kwemetronome kwakafanana nekumaka kwewachi zvine ruzha. Iyi kana iyo inorova frequency yezviridzwa izvi inoenderana neimwe yemimhanzi tempos. Semuenzaniso, yekukurumidza Allegro tempo, iyo frequency ichave inosvika 120-132 kurova paminiti, uye kune inononoka Adagio tempo, ingangoita makumi matanhatu kurova paminiti.

Zvichienderana nenguva siginicha, iwe unogona zvakare kuseta metronome kuitira kuti itarise mabhiti akasimba nezviratidzo zvakakosha (bhero, semuenzaniso).

Muimbi wega wega anosarudza tempo yebasa rake nenzira dzakasiyana: vamwe vanoiratidza chete, mune imwe izwi, vamwe vanoisa iyo chaiyo tsika maererano metronome.

Muchiitiko chechipiri, inowanzoita seizvi: apo chiratidzo che tempo chinofanira kuva (kana pedyo nacho), pane chikamu chechina (pulse beat), ipapo chiratidzo chakaenzana uye nhamba yekurohwa paminiti maererano ne metronome yaMälzel. Muenzaniso unogona kuonekwa mumufananidzo.

Tafura yemitengo, mazita avo uye maitiro

Tafura inotevera ichapfupisa data pane huru inononoka, iri pakati nepakati uye inokurumidza tempos: Chiperengo cheItalian, mataurirwo uye kududzira muRussia, kufungidzira (anenge makumi matanhatu, angangoita 60, nezvimwewo) metronome beats paminiti.

Kudzikira uye nekumhanyisa tempo yechidimbu

Sezvo mutemo, tempo inotorwa pakutanga kwebasa inochengetedzwa kusvika pakuguma kwayo. Asi kazhinji mumimhanzi pane nguva dzakadaro apo kunonoka kana, zvakasiyana, kukurumidza kufamba kunodiwa. Kunewo mazwi anokosha e "mithunzi" yakadaro yekufamba: accelerando, stringendo, stretto uye animando (zvese zvekusimudzira), pamwe chete ne ritenuto, ritardando, rallentando uye allargando (izvi ndezvekuderedza).

Mimvuri inonyanya kushandiswa kunonoka pakupera kwechidimbu, kunyanya mumimhanzi yekutanga. Zvishoma nezvishoma kana kamwe-kamwe kukurumidza kwe tempo kunonyanya hunhu hwemimhanzi yerudo.

Kunatsiridzwa kwemimhanzi tempos

Kazhinji mumanotsi, pedyo nekududzwa kukuru kwe tempo, kune rimwe kana mamwe mazwi ekuwedzera anojekesa mamiriro ekufambisa kunodiwa kana chimiro chebasa remimhanzi rose.

Semuenzaniso, Allegro molto: allegro inokurumidza, uye allegro molto inokurumidza zvikuru. Mimwe mienzaniso: Allegro ma non troppo (nokukurumidza, asi kwete zvakanyanya) kana Allegro con brio (Nekukurumidza, nemoto).

Zvinorehwa nemazita ekuwedzera akadaro zvinogona kugara zvichiwanikwa nerubatsiro rwemaduramazwi akasarudzika emazwi emimhanzi ekunze. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kuona iwo anonyanya kushandiswa mazwi mune yakakosha cheat sheet yatakakugadzirira iwe. Iwe unogona kuzvidhinda uye ugare uine iwe.

Cheat-sheet remitengo uye mamwe mazwi - DOWNLOAD

Aya ndiwo mapoinzi makuru ane chekuita nemimhanzi tempo, isu taida kukuzivisai. Kana uchine mibvunzo, ndapota nyora mumashoko. Ndichakuona zvakare.