Portamento, glissando, slide

Maitiro ekuridza, ayo anosanganisira kutsvedza uchitevedza chikero chediatonic (yepiyano) kana pachiyero chechromatic (yezviridzwa zvine tambo) inonzi portamento, glissando kana siraidhi. Iyi nzira inozadza mukaha uripo pakati pemanotsi maviri emhando dzakasiyana. Kutsvedza kunogona kuva kumusoro kana pasi.

Izwi rekuti "glissando" rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevaridzi vezviridzwa. Izwi rekuti "portamento" rinoshandiswa nevaimbi.

Iyo inoratidzwa ne portamento uye glissando nemutsetse wewavy unobatanidza manotsi maviri:

Portamento, glissando

Mufananidzo 1. Portamento, glissando

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Iri izwi rinowanzo shandiswa kureva glissando inoridzwa pagitare. Zvinoratidzwa nemutsara wakatwasuka unobatanidza manotsi. Muchiitiko ichi, kutsvedza kunogoneka pamatambo akati wandei panguva imwe chete:

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Mufananidzo 2. Slide notation

Kuwedzera kune mamwe manotsi kwekutanga uye kumagumo kwesiraidhi, zvinokwanisika kusiya zvinyorwa zvekutanga kana zvekupedzisira. Muchiitiko ichi, mutsara wakarurama unoramba uripo, uye chinyorwa chakanyanyisa (kana chord) hachina kuratidzwa.

Portamento

Pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwakatsanangurwa pamusoro, izwi rekuti "portamento" rinoreva zvakadzika zvisiri legato. Ndiko kuita kunenge kwakabatana kwemanzwi kana chords (muchinjiko pakati legato uye staccato ). Kudomwa kwehunyanzvi uhu kunosanganisira mazita eese ari maviri legato uye staccato:

Portamento

Mufananidzo 3. Portamento notation

Glissando (Italian glissando, kubva kuFrench glisser - to slide) inyanzvi yekuridza, inosanganisira nekukasira kutsveta chigunwe uchitevedza tambo kana makiyi emimhanzi. tool. Kusiyana neportamento, inova nzira yekutaura. kuita, kusina kurongwa nemunyori munziyo notation uye inowanzonzi G., chaizvoizvo G. inoiswa mudikita notation, inomiririra chikamu chakakosha chezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi. Mufp. Mutambo waG. unowanikwa nekutsvedza rutivi rwekunze rwembambo phalanx yechigunwe kana chetatu chigunwe (kazhinji cheruoko rwerudyi) uchitevedza makiyi machena kana matema. Mukugadzirwa kwezviridzwa zvekhibhodi G. inotanga kuwanikwa muchiFrench. munyori JB Moreau muunganidzwa wake. "Bhuku rekutanga rezvidimbu zve harpsichord" ("Premier livre pièces de clavecin", 1722). Special tech. matambudziko anoratidzwa nekuitwa pafp. G. kutevedzana kwemanotsi maviri (zvikamu zvitatu,

G. inoitwa zviri nyore papiyano. madhizaini ekare ane akanyanya kuchinjika, anonzi. Viennese mechanics. Zvichida ndosaka G. muparallel yechitanhatu yakanga yatoshandiswa neWA ​​Mozart (misiyano ye "Lison dormant"). Octave zviyero zvinowanikwa muL. Beethoven (konsati muC huru, sonata op. 53), KM Weber ("Concert piece", op. 79), G. muzvikamu zvitatu uye zvitanhatu - muM. Ravel ("Mirrors") uye vamwe

Kana pazviridzwa zvekhibhodi zvine maitiro avo ane tempered system, nerubatsiro rweG., chiyero chine imwe pitch inotorwa, ipapo pazviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, izvo zvakasununguka hurongwa, kuburikidza neG., chromatic inotorwa. kutevedzana kwemanzwi, nekuputika, kunyatsoita semitones hakudiwi (kutsvaga nzira haifaniri kusanganiswa neG pazviridzwa zvakakotamiswa - kushanda kwechromatic scale nekutsvedza munwe). Naizvozvo, kukosha kweg. pakuridza zviridzwa zvakakotamiswa Ch. arr. mu coloristic effect. Kuita kwaG. kwedzimwe ndima pazviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, kunze kwechromatic. chiyero, chinogoneka chete kana uchitamba neharmonics. Mumwe wemienzaniso yekutanga yeG. pazviridzwa zvakakotamiswa uri muchiItalian. munyori K. Farina (mu "An Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, ye skr. solo), achishandisa G. sezvisikwa. kugamuchira inzwi. Muchinyakare G. haisati yambowanikwa mumimhanzi yezviridzwa zvakakotamiswa (kasi kashoma keG. achikwira chromatic sequence nemaoctaves mukodhi yechikamu chekutanga chekonsati yaA. Dvorak). Senzira yekutamba kwakanaka, guerilla yaishandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa akanyorwa neveRomantic violinists uye cellists. mirayiridzo (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, nevamwe). G. inoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvakasiyana-siyana setimbre coloring mumimhanzi. zvinyorwa 1th century yezviridzwa zvakakotama uye semugadziri wemavara. reception in orchestration (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo kubva ku20st concerto ye violin; K. Shimanovsky - concertos uye zvimedu zve violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" yeviolin; Z. Kodai - G. chords mu sonata ye solo, G. violin uye mabhesi maviri mu "Spanish Rhapsody" naRavel). Mumwe wemienzaniso yakasarudzika yeG. vlch. iri muchikamu chechipiri chesonata yeVC. uye fp. DD Shostakovich. Imwe nzira yakakosha ndeye G. flageolets, semuenzaniso. cellos naNA Rimsky-Korsakov ("Husiku Usati Wasvika Kisimusi"), VV Shcherbachev (1nd symphony), Ravel ("Daphnis naChloe"), violas uye volch. MO Steinberg (“Metamorphoses”) nevamwe.

G. inyanzvi yakapararira mukuridza rudimbwa, kwayakawana kushandiswa kwakakosha (mumabasa evanyori vehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi 19, izwi reItaly sdrucciolando raiwanzoshandiswa). Apfic G. inowanzovakirwa pamaruzha echinomwe chords (kusanganisira dzakadzikira; zvishoma kazhinji pamanzwi easiri-chords). Paunenge uchiridza G., tambo dzose dzembira, nerubatsiro rwekugadzirisa zvakare otd. manzwi, anopa ruzha rwezvinyorwa zviya chete zvinosanganisirwa mumutauro wakapihwa. Nekufamba kwakadzika, G. parudimbwa inoitwa nechigunwe chekutanga chakakotama zvishoma, nekufamba kwepamusoro - nechechipiri (ruoko rumwe kana maviri mukugadzirisa, kuparadzanisa uye kuyambuka kufamba kwemaoko). G. inombo shandiswa pane gamma-sekutevedzana.

G. inoshandiswa pakuridza midzimu yemhangura. zviridzwa - pane trombone nerubatsiro rwekumashure kufamba (somuenzaniso, trombone solo mu "Pulcinella" na IF Stravinsky), hwamanda, pazviridzwa zvinoridzwa (somuenzaniso, G. pedal timpani mu "Mimhanzi yezviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, percussion uye celesta” B. Bartok).

G. inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mufolk instr. hung. (Verbunkosh maitiro), rum. uye mold. mimhanzi, pamwe nejazz. Mumumhanzi waG., manzwi ekutanga uye ekupedzisira chete endima anowanzo kutaurwa, manzwi epakati anotsiviwa nedash kana kuti wavy line.