One act opera

Opera inoumbwa nedariro imwe chete inonzi one-act opera. Chiito ichi chinogona kukamurwa kuita mifananidzo, zviitiko, zvikamu. Nguva yeopera yakadaro yakaderera zvakanyanya pane yakawanda-maitiro. Pasinei nehukuru hwayo, opera mune chimwe chiitiko izere-yakazara mimhanzi chipenyu chine yakagadziridzwa dramaturgy uye architectonics, uye inosiyaniswa nemhando yayo yemhando. Kufanana ne "grand" opera, inotanga nekuwedzera kana sumo uye ine solo uye ensemble manhamba.

Nekudaro, iyo-chiito opera ine yayo hunhu maficha:

muenzaniso:

One-act opera muzana remakore rechi17-18. kazhinji inoitwa panguva dzekuzorora kwemaopera makuru; mudare, uyewo mudzimba dzemitambo. Chinhu chepakati chekuratidzwa kwemimhanzi yekutanga opera diki yaive yekudzokorora, uye kubva pakati pezana ramakore re18. aria inomuisa kumashure. Iyo recitative inotora basa reinjini yechirongwa uye kubatana pakati pe ensembles uye arias.

Kubva kuGlück kuenda kuPuccini.

Mumakore ekuma50s XVIII zana HW Gluck akagadzira maviri anofadza anovaraidza one-aiti opera: uye, uye, uye P. Mascagni, zana rimwe gare gare, anopa nyika inoshamisa opera yemhando diki. Kusimuka kweiyo genre pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. D. Puccini akamutsa kufarira maari uye kusikwa kwemunyori wemutambo mumwe chete kubva pamutambo wezita rimwe chete naD. Gold,,; P. Hindemith anonyora komiki opera. Kune mienzaniso mizhinji yemaopera madiki fomu.

Nyaya yeramangwana remukadzi anokudzwa akabereka mwana asina kuroora uye akaenda kuimba yemamongi kunopfidza ndiyo hwaro hwechirongwa chePuccini's opera "Hanzvadzi Angelica". Sezvo akadzidza nezverufu rwemwanakomana wake, Hanzvadzi Angelica anonwa chepfu, asi anoona kuti kuzviuraya chivi chakaipisisa chisingamubvumiri kuona mwana kudenga, kunoita kuti heroine inamate kuMhandara Maria kuti akanganwirwe. Anoona Mhandara Tsvene munzvimbo yechechi, achitungamira mukomana ane bvudzi rakanaka neruoko, uye anofa murunyararo.

Iyo inoshamisa Sista Angelica yakasiyana nemamwe ese ePuccini opera. Manzwi echikadzi chete ndiwo anotora chikamu mariri, uye muchiitiko chokupedzisira chete kwaya yevakomana (“Angels’ Choir”) inonzwika. Basa racho rinoshandisa stylization yenziyo dzechechi neogani, maitiro akasimba epolyphony, uye mabhero anogona kunzwika muorchestra.

Chiitiko chekutanga chinovhura zvinonakidza - nemunamato, uchiperekedzwa neorgan chords, mabhero uye kurira kweshiri. Mufananidzo wehusiku - symphonic intermezzo - ichave yakavakirwa pane imwechete dingindira. Iyo yakanyanya kutariswa mu opera inobhadharwa pakugadzira yakavanzika yepfungwa mufananidzo wemunhu mukuru. Muchinzvimbo chaAngelica, mutambo wakanyanyisa dzimwe nguva unoratidzwa mukushevedzera kwekutaura pasina imwe nzwimbo.

One-act operas nevanyori vekuRussia.

Vaimbi veRussia vakatanhamara vakagadzira akawanda akanaka-chiito maopera emhando dzakasiyana siyana. Zvizhinji zvezvisikwa zvavo ndezverwiyo-runoshamisa kana rwiyo (semuenzaniso, "Boyaryna Vera Sheloga" naNA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Iolanta" naTchaikovsky, "Aleko" naRachmaninov, nezvimwewo), asiwo diki-fomu. comic opera - Hazvishamisi. KUDAI Stravinsky akanyora opera muchiito chimwe chakavakirwa panhetembo yaPushkin “The Little House in Kolomna,” iyo inopenda mufananidzo weruwa rweRussia pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi19.

Mutambi mukuru weiyo opera, Parasha, anopfekedza mudiwa wake, anomhanyisa hussar, semubiki, Mavra, kuti akwanise kuva naye uye kunyengerera kufungidzira kwaamai vake vakasimba. Apo unyengeri hunoratidzwa, "mubiki" anopukunyuka nepahwindo, uye Parasha anotiza shure. Mavambo e opera "Mavra" anopiwa nezvinhu zvine mavara: matauriro erudo rwemumaguta, rwiyo rwegypsy, operatic aria-lamento, rhythms yekutamba, uye iyi yese mimhanzi kaleidoscope inoiswa muparody-grotesque chiteshi cheiyo. shanda.

Maopera evana madiki.

Opera yechiitiko chimwe inonyatsokodzera maonero evana. Vanyori veClassic vakanyora akawanda mafupi opera evana. Dzinotora kubva pamaminitsi makumi matatu nemashanu kusvika pane imwe nguva inopfuura awa. M. Ravel akatendeukira kune opera yevana muchiito chimwe chete. Akagadzira bhuku rinofadza, "Mwana uye Mashiripiti," pamusoro pemukomana asina hanya uyo, asingadi kugadzirira basa rake rechikoro, anotamba mitambo yekuzvidza amai vake. Zvinhu zvaakapamba zvinova nehupenyu uye kutyisidzira nhubu.

Pakarepo Princess anooneka kubva papeji yebhuku, anozvidza mukomana uye anonyangarika. Mabhuku okuchikoro anoramba achiraira mabasa anovengwa kwaari. Katsi dzinotamba dzinooneka, uye Mwana anodzimhanyira mubindu. Pano zvirimwa, mhuka uye kunyange mvura inonaya iyo yakamugumbura inonyunyuta pamusoro pediki prankster. Zvisikwa zvakagumburwa zvinoda kutanga kurwa, zvichida kutsiva kumukomana, asi kamwe kamwe vanotanga kurwisana pakati pavo. Mwana akatya anofonera Amai. Apo Chirema chinowira patsoka dzake, mukomana anosunga gumbo rake rinorwadza ndokudonha nokuneta. Munhu wose anonzwisisa kuti mwana avandudzwa. Vatori vechikamu muzviitiko vanomutora, vanomutakura kuenda naye kumba uye vanodana Amai.

Mitinhimira yakashandiswa nemunyori yaive yefashoni muzana remakore rechi20. Madhanzi eBoston waltz uye foxtrot anopa musiyano wepakutanga kune akashongedzerwa enziyo uye episodhi episodhi. Zvinhu zvinomutswa zvinomiririrwa nemadingindira ezviridzwa, uye vatambi vanonzwira mwana tsitsi vanopiwa nziyo dzinonakidza. Ravel raishandisa zvakasununguka onomatopoeia (kufembedza kwekatsi uye meowing, kurira kwematatya, kurova kwewachi uye kurira kwekapu yakatsemuka, kubhururuka kwemapapiro eshiri, nezvimwewo).

Iyo opera ine chinhu chakasimba chekushongedza. Iyo duet yeClumsy Armchair uye cutesy Couch ine mavara akajeka - mune rhythm ye minuet, uye iyo Duet yeMukombe uye Teapot ndeye foxtrot mune pentatonic mode. Iyo inotyisa, inosimbisa korasi uye kutamba kwezviumbwa zvakapinza, zvine mutinhimira unonzwika. Chiitiko chechipiri che opera chinoratidzwa nekuwanda waltzing - kubva kune yakakomba elegiac kuenda kucomic.