Atonal music |

ATONAL MUSIC (kubva kuchiGiriki a - negative particle uye tonos - toni) - mimhanzi. mabasa akanyorwa kunze kwechirevo chemodals uye kuwirirana. kubatana kunoronga mutauro wemimhanzi ye tonal (ona Mode, Tonality). Main musimboti weA.m. ndiko kuenzana kwakakwana kwematoni ese, kusavapo kwenzvimbo ipi neipi yemodal inovabatanidza uye simba rinokwevera pakati pematoni. A. m. haazive musiyano wekonzonenzi uye dissonance uye kukosha kwekugadzirisa dissonances. Zvinoreva kurambwa kwekushanda kuwirirana, kusingabatanidzi mukana wekugadzirisa modulation.

Dep. atonal episodes anowanikwa kare munguva yekupedzisira yeRomantic. uye impressionistic mimhanzi. Zvisinei, mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 mubasa raA. Schoenberg nevadzidzi vake, kurambwa kwetonal nheyo dzemimhanzi kunowana kukosha kwakakosha uye kunopa pfungwa yeatonalism kana "atonalism". Vamwe vevamiririri vakakurumbira veA.m., kusanganisira A. Schoenberg, A. Berg, A. Webrn, vakapikisa izwi rokuti "atonalism", vachifunga kuti rinoratidza zvisina kururama chinangwa cheiyi nzira yekugadzira. Chete JM Hauer, akazvimiririra akagadzira nzira yeatonal 12-toni kunyora, akazvimirira paSchoenberg, akashandiswa zvakanyanya mudzidziso yake. inoshanda nezwi rekuti “A. m.

Kubuda kweA.m. chikamu chakagadzirirwa nenyika yeEurope. mimhanzi pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Kukura kwakasimba kwechromatics, kutaridzika kwechords chechina chimiro, nezvimwe, zvakakonzera kupera simba kweiyo modal-functional inclinations. Kuedza kupinda munzvimbo ye "tonal weightlessness" inobatanidzwawo nekuedza kwevamwe vanyori kuti vaswedere nekusununguka kwekutaura kwekunatswa kwekunzwa, manzwiro emukati asina kujeka. mafungiro.

Vanyori veA.m. akatarisana nebasa rakaoma rekutsvaga misimboti inokwanisa kutsiva nheyo yemaitiro inoronga mimhanzi ye tonal. Nguva yekutanga yekuvandudzwa kwe "atonalism yakasununguka" inoratidzirwa nekukwezva kunowanzoitwa kwevanyori kune wok. genres, apo zvinyorwa pachazvo zvinoshanda sechinhu chikuru chekuumba. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvekutanga zveatonal plan inogara nziyo gumi neshanu kubva kuBhuku reHanging Gardens naS. Gheorghe (15-1907) uye Three fp. inotamba op. 09 (11) A. Schoenberg. Ipapo kwakauya yake monodrama "Waiting", iyo opera "Rufaro Ruoko", "Zvikamu Zvishanu zveOrchestra" op. 1909, iyo melodrama Lunar Pierrot, pamwe chete nemabasa aA. Berg naA. Webern, umo musimboti weatonalism wakagadziridzwa zvakare. Kuvandudza dzidziso yemimhanzi yenziyo, Schoenberg akaisa mberi kudiwa kwekusabatanidzwa kwemakonzonendi chords uye kugadzwa kwedissonance sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha chemimhanzi. mutauro ("emancipation of dissonance"). Panguva imwe chete nevamiriri vechikoro chitsva cheViennese uye pasina ivo, vamwe vanyori veEurope neAmerica (B. Bartok, CE Ives, nevamwe) vakashandisa nzira dzekunyora kweatoni kune imwe dhigirii.

Aesthetic misimboti yeA.m., kunyanya padanho rekutanga, yakabatana zvakanyanya nekutaura kwekutaura, iyo inosiyaniswa nekupinza kwayo. zvinoreva uye kubvumira zvisina musoro. kukanganisa kwe art. kufunga. A. m., tichiregeredza iyo inoshanda harmonic. kubatanidza nemisimboti yekugadzirisa dissonance kuita consonance, yakasangana nezvinodiwa zveexpressist art.

Kumwe kuvandudzwa kweA.m. yakabatana nekuedza kwevateveri vayo kugumisa kupindirana kwekupokana mukusika, hunhu hwe "mahara atonalism". Pakutanga. Zana remakore rechi20 pamwe chete naSchoenberg, vanyori JM Hauer (Vienna), N. Obukhov (Paris), E. Golyshev (Berlin), uye vamwe vakagadzira masisitimu ekunyora, ayo, maererano nevanyori vavo, aifanira kupinzwa mu a. mamwe misimboti inovaka uye kugumisa sonic anarchy yeatonalism. Zvisinei, pane izvi kuedza, chete "nzira yekuumbwa nematoni gumi nemaviri yakabatana chete kune mumwe nemumwe", yakabudiswa muna 12 naSchoenberg, pasi pezita rokuti dodecaphony, yakapararira munyika dzakawanda. nyika. Misimboti yeA.m. inotsigira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko. nzira yezvinonzi. music avant-garde. Panguva imwecheteyo, idzi nheyo dzinorambwa zvakasimba nevakawanda vevanyori vakatanhamara vezana remakore rechi1922 vanoomerera kumimhanzi ye tonal. kufunga (A. Honegger, P. Hindemith, SS Prokofiev nevamwe). Kuzivikanwa kana kusazivikanwa kwekodzero yeatonalism chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha. kusawirirana mukugadzira mimhanzi yemazuva ano.

References: Druskin M., Nzira dzekusimudzira mimhanzi yemazuva ano yekune dzimwe nyika, muunganidzwa: Mibvunzo yemimhanzi yemazuva ano, L., 1963, p. 174-78; Shneerson G., Nezvemimhanzi mupenyu uye akafa, M., 1960, M., 1964, ch. "Schoenberg nechikoro chake"; Mazel L., Panzira dzekusimudzira mutauro wemimhanzi yemazuva ano, III. Dodecaphony, "SM", 1965, Nhamba 8; Berg A., Chii chinonzi atonalitye Hurukuro yeredhiyo yakapihwa naA. Berg paVienna Rundfunk, 23 Kubvumbi 1930, muSlonimsky N., Mimhanzi kubvira 1900, NY, 1938 (ona appendix); Schoenberg, A., Style and idea, NY, 1950; Reti R., Tonality, atonality, pantonality, L., 1958, 1960 (shanduro yeRussian - Tonality mumimhanzi yemazuva ano, L., 1968); Perle G., Serial kuumbwa uye atonality, Berk.-Los Ang., 1962, 1963; Austin W., Mimhanzi muzana ramakore rechi20…, NY, 1966.

GM Schneerson